考虑公交优先的城市道路时空资源优化方法研究
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摘要
公交优先是交通管理中体现大众优先和“以人为本”的一种理念及策略,对缓解交通压力和保证城市可持续发展都具有重大意义,因此也成为当今各个国家城市交通发展的主流趋势。具体来讲,公交优先的管理措施可分为空间优先和时间优先两类。空间优先(主要指设置公交专用道、专用进口道等)可以有效减少社会车辆对公交车辆的干扰,保证公交车辆的优先通行;时间优先(主要指公交优先信号控制技术)通过合理的分配交叉口时间资源,可以减少公交车辆在交叉口处的时间损失,是实现公交优先诸多措施中最为直接、有效的一种方法。本文即以公交优先下的城市路网时空间资源优化为核心,着重研究公交专用道的最佳设置数量、考虑公交优先下的控制子区动态划分以及信号协调的具体控制方法。根据以上内容,论文在以下四个方面展开重点研究。
(1)公交优先策略的影响因素分析及公交发展模式选择分析城市公交优先策略实施的影响因素,主要包括城市交通的发展理念、城市形态以及城市内部区域功能定位等,并通过实际数据确定主要影响因素与公交优先策略的关系;此外,公交优先发展模式受多层次、多类型的诸多因素影响,通过层次分析法可确定不同层次不同因素的具体权重取值,进而确定公交发展模式的评价指标,为不同情况的公交优先发展模式的选择提供理论基础。
(2)公交优先下的城市路网空间资源配置方法公交专用道上的公交车辆受公交站点停靠以及信号交叉口等因素的影响。基于生灭过程和间隙接受理论推导了公交车辆在公交站点处的平均进站时间、平均逗留时间和平均出站时间,确定特定公交需求及社会车辆需求下的公交站点对公交专用道通行能力的影响程度,得到公交站点影响下的公交专用道通行能力模型;
此外,在信号控制的影响下,公交专用道的路段通行能力受交叉口间距和交叉口相位绿信比两个因素的影响,根据实测数据分析得到公交专用道通行能力与路段基本通行能力、交叉口间距以及相位绿信比三个因素的回归模型;针对杭州市的实际公交线路专用道,理论分析了需设置的公交专用道条数,并采用VISSIM仿真说明优化后的公交专用道资源能够有效提升公交线路的综合运行效率。
(3)公交优先下的控制子区划分方法子区划分是进行干线协调以及区域协调控制的前提和基础。论文分析了公交优先下制约控制子区划分的影响因素,并在传统控制子区划分方法的基础上,推导了公交车辆延误及公交路径的关联度模型,提出了公交优先下控制子区的划分流程,并通过仿真说明了公交车辆服务时间对交叉口动态关联度以及子区划分的重要影响。
(4)公交优先下的干线协调控制方法公交优先信号控制是一种优先考虑公交车辆利益的信号优化技术,通过信号配时技术在社会车辆和公交车辆之间优化分配交叉口时间通行权,实现既定的公交优先策略。相位差是协调控制中最为关键因素,论文针对传统数解法在求解相位差的过程中存在诸多问题,提出了一种改进算法,并在协调控制思想的基础上分析了公交优先制约下影响控制子区划分的因素,提出了考虑公交车绿波带的干线公交优先信号控制策略,推导配时参数优化方法。同时,结合VISSIM仿真分析验证了公交优先信号协调控制对提高区域综合运行效率的影响。
最后,总结了全文的研究进展及主要成果,并提出了研究过程中需要完善及进一步探索的内容及问题。
Bus priority traffic management is a special strategy that reflected in public priorities and people-oriented, and it is also useful to alleviate traffic pressure and ensure sustainable urban development, therefore, it has become the trends of urban transport among various national. Generally, Specific bus priority management measures can be divided into two types: space priority and time priority. Space priority (mainly setting bus lanes, special import channel, etc.) can reduce interference between buses and social vehicles effectivly, and is alos could ensure the priority access of buses; Time priority (mainly bus priority signal control technology) can reduce the loss time of buses through allocating the time resources resonably at intersections, it is one direct and effective bus priority measures. This paper would take the urban road network resource optimization as the research emphas, and it focused on the best bus lane set number of bus priority and the control of the promoter region of the dynamic signal coordination and division of specific control methods.considering bus priority. According to the analisis above, this papers focus on four aspects in the following:
1. Factors affecting transit priority strategy analysis and mode selection. This part would Analyze urban public transport strategy for the implementation of priority factors, including the development of the concept of urban transport, urban form and urban function and positioning within the region, and it could determine the main factors affecting the relationship with the bus priority strategies through the actual data; moreover, the model for bus priority development affected by the multi-level type of many other factors, the specific values of the weights could be determined by level of analysis of different factors at different levels, and then, the mode of development of the evaluation public transport can be determined. The results might provide a theoretical basis for bus priority for the different circumstances of the choice of development model.
2. Optimal allocation of urban road network space resources under the condition of bus priority.the buses on the bus lanes are affected by the bus stops at the bus stations, the traffic signal at intersections and other factors. The average waiting time at bus stations and average outbound time models were derived based on Birth-death process and gap acceptance theory, and it also determined the influence degree of bus stations on the capacity of bus lanes, with the special characteristics of transit needs and social needs of the vehicle under the bus stops, then the capacity model of bus lanes with the influence of bus stations was proposed.
In addition, the road capacities of bus lanes are affected by two factors with the influence of traffic signals: one is the distance of any two continuous intersections; the other one is the spilt at the upper intersection. Based on the traffic data obtained by field survey, the regression model of capacity of bus lanes with the influencing factors, inculding traffic capacity of the basic road, the distance of any two contimuous intersections, and spilts, was determined; aming at the actual bus lines in Hanhzhou, the theoretical analysis of the need to set the number of bus lanes was finished and the overall efficiency of the bus lines was evaluated by VISSIM simulation, and the results shows that the optimal value can effectively improve the overall efficiency of network.
3. Control sub-region division method under the condition of bus priority. Control sub-region division is the basis of arterial coordination and regional coordination control. This paper analyzed the influence factors for control sub-region division under the condition of bus priority firstly, and then deduced the the average buses delay model and the relational degree model based on the traditional methods of control sub-zoning, and it also proposed the process of control sub-region division. At last, the inportant influence of the buses service time correlation on the dynamic intersection and into the important impact of the promoter region was presented by simulation.
4. Arterial coordination methods under the condition of buses priority. Bus priority signal control is a signal control technology which priority to the interests of public transportation vehicles, and it achieved one special control strategy by optimizing the signal timing which could optimize the allocation the rights of vehicles passage and buses passage at intersections. Moreover, the phase difference is one critical factor in arterial coordination. This paper pointed out the the problems of traditional numerical method and proposed a new improved algorithm. In the following, the influence factors of control sub-region division were analyzed based on the idea of arterial coordination, and then, the average buses delay model and the relational degree model among different routes were determined. At last, the control strategy of arterial cootdination and the timing parameters optimization method was proposed considering the green wave; meanwhile, VISSIM simulation was finished and the results showed that: the bus priority signal control could improve the integrated regional operating efficiency effectively.
In the last, the main progress and achievement of this dissertation are summarized, and thecontents and problems which need to perfect and explore further more in the study are putforward.
(1)公交优先策略的影响因素分析及公交发展模式选择分析城市公交优先策略实施的影响因素,主要包括城市交通的发展理念、城市形态以及城市内部区域功能定位等,并通过实际数据确定主要影响因素与公交优先策略的关系;此外,公交优先发展模式受多层次、多类型的诸多因素影响,通过层次分析法可确定不同层次不同因素的具体权重取值,进而确定公交发展模式的评价指标,为不同情况的公交优先发展模式的选择提供理论基础。
(2)公交优先下的城市路网空间资源配置方法公交专用道上的公交车辆受公交站点停靠以及信号交叉口等因素的影响。基于生灭过程和间隙接受理论推导了公交车辆在公交站点处的平均进站时间、平均逗留时间和平均出站时间,确定特定公交需求及社会车辆需求下的公交站点对公交专用道通行能力的影响程度,得到公交站点影响下的公交专用道通行能力模型;
此外,在信号控制的影响下,公交专用道的路段通行能力受交叉口间距和交叉口相位绿信比两个因素的影响,根据实测数据分析得到公交专用道通行能力与路段基本通行能力、交叉口间距以及相位绿信比三个因素的回归模型;针对杭州市的实际公交线路专用道,理论分析了需设置的公交专用道条数,并采用VISSIM仿真说明优化后的公交专用道资源能够有效提升公交线路的综合运行效率。
(3)公交优先下的控制子区划分方法子区划分是进行干线协调以及区域协调控制的前提和基础。论文分析了公交优先下制约控制子区划分的影响因素,并在传统控制子区划分方法的基础上,推导了公交车辆延误及公交路径的关联度模型,提出了公交优先下控制子区的划分流程,并通过仿真说明了公交车辆服务时间对交叉口动态关联度以及子区划分的重要影响。
(4)公交优先下的干线协调控制方法公交优先信号控制是一种优先考虑公交车辆利益的信号优化技术,通过信号配时技术在社会车辆和公交车辆之间优化分配交叉口时间通行权,实现既定的公交优先策略。相位差是协调控制中最为关键因素,论文针对传统数解法在求解相位差的过程中存在诸多问题,提出了一种改进算法,并在协调控制思想的基础上分析了公交优先制约下影响控制子区划分的因素,提出了考虑公交车绿波带的干线公交优先信号控制策略,推导配时参数优化方法。同时,结合VISSIM仿真分析验证了公交优先信号协调控制对提高区域综合运行效率的影响。
最后,总结了全文的研究进展及主要成果,并提出了研究过程中需要完善及进一步探索的内容及问题。
Bus priority traffic management is a special strategy that reflected in public priorities and people-oriented, and it is also useful to alleviate traffic pressure and ensure sustainable urban development, therefore, it has become the trends of urban transport among various national. Generally, Specific bus priority management measures can be divided into two types: space priority and time priority. Space priority (mainly setting bus lanes, special import channel, etc.) can reduce interference between buses and social vehicles effectivly, and is alos could ensure the priority access of buses; Time priority (mainly bus priority signal control technology) can reduce the loss time of buses through allocating the time resources resonably at intersections, it is one direct and effective bus priority measures. This paper would take the urban road network resource optimization as the research emphas, and it focused on the best bus lane set number of bus priority and the control of the promoter region of the dynamic signal coordination and division of specific control methods.considering bus priority. According to the analisis above, this papers focus on four aspects in the following:
1. Factors affecting transit priority strategy analysis and mode selection. This part would Analyze urban public transport strategy for the implementation of priority factors, including the development of the concept of urban transport, urban form and urban function and positioning within the region, and it could determine the main factors affecting the relationship with the bus priority strategies through the actual data; moreover, the model for bus priority development affected by the multi-level type of many other factors, the specific values of the weights could be determined by level of analysis of different factors at different levels, and then, the mode of development of the evaluation public transport can be determined. The results might provide a theoretical basis for bus priority for the different circumstances of the choice of development model.
2. Optimal allocation of urban road network space resources under the condition of bus priority.the buses on the bus lanes are affected by the bus stops at the bus stations, the traffic signal at intersections and other factors. The average waiting time at bus stations and average outbound time models were derived based on Birth-death process and gap acceptance theory, and it also determined the influence degree of bus stations on the capacity of bus lanes, with the special characteristics of transit needs and social needs of the vehicle under the bus stops, then the capacity model of bus lanes with the influence of bus stations was proposed.
In addition, the road capacities of bus lanes are affected by two factors with the influence of traffic signals: one is the distance of any two continuous intersections; the other one is the spilt at the upper intersection. Based on the traffic data obtained by field survey, the regression model of capacity of bus lanes with the influencing factors, inculding traffic capacity of the basic road, the distance of any two contimuous intersections, and spilts, was determined; aming at the actual bus lines in Hanhzhou, the theoretical analysis of the need to set the number of bus lanes was finished and the overall efficiency of the bus lines was evaluated by VISSIM simulation, and the results shows that the optimal value can effectively improve the overall efficiency of network.
3. Control sub-region division method under the condition of bus priority. Control sub-region division is the basis of arterial coordination and regional coordination control. This paper analyzed the influence factors for control sub-region division under the condition of bus priority firstly, and then deduced the the average buses delay model and the relational degree model based on the traditional methods of control sub-zoning, and it also proposed the process of control sub-region division. At last, the inportant influence of the buses service time correlation on the dynamic intersection and into the important impact of the promoter region was presented by simulation.
4. Arterial coordination methods under the condition of buses priority. Bus priority signal control is a signal control technology which priority to the interests of public transportation vehicles, and it achieved one special control strategy by optimizing the signal timing which could optimize the allocation the rights of vehicles passage and buses passage at intersections. Moreover, the phase difference is one critical factor in arterial coordination. This paper pointed out the the problems of traditional numerical method and proposed a new improved algorithm. In the following, the influence factors of control sub-region division were analyzed based on the idea of arterial coordination, and then, the average buses delay model and the relational degree model among different routes were determined. At last, the control strategy of arterial cootdination and the timing parameters optimization method was proposed considering the green wave; meanwhile, VISSIM simulation was finished and the results showed that: the bus priority signal control could improve the integrated regional operating efficiency effectively.
In the last, the main progress and achievement of this dissertation are summarized, and thecontents and problems which need to perfect and explore further more in the study are putforward.
引文
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