基于浮动车数据的北京市道路交通运行状态评价指标与方法
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摘要
道路网运行状况的好坏是交通管理部门和市民密切关注的城市问题，也是交通工程和规划学科研究的重要内容。近些年，北京市政治、经济、文化等各方面迅速发展，使得交通需求急剧膨胀，交通问题日益严峻，特别是交通拥堵现象非常严重。为了迎接2008年奥运会，使得奥运会期间的交通顺畅，创造首都的良好经济运行环境，缓解市区拥堵的工作变得越来越刻不容缓。而对道路网运行状况进行合理的评价，从而制定出切实可行的交通管理规划方案，是缓解市区拥堵工作中的重要课题。
针对上述问题，本文首先介绍了传统的道路网运行状况评价指标及评价方法；同时，重点研究了浮动车数据的特点，并在浮动车数据的基础上，依据北京市浮动车数据，提出对北京市道路运行状况评价的指标体系及评价方法；通过计算分析选取的评价指标，对北京市道路运行状态进行分析评价，从中找出北京市重点拥堵的路段，以方便交通管理部门重点分析，查找拥堵原因，最终解决北京市道路拥堵的现状。缓解拥堵的工作不是一蹴而就的，具有延续性和长期性的特点，而本文提出的基于浮动车数据的北京市道路网运行状况的评价也是一项连续的工作，本文的研究在更好的对北京市道路网运行状况进行准确的评价，使得缓解拥堵的工作得以顺利的进行方面，具有一定的现实意义。
The status of traffic operations of road networks is an urban problem concerned by both traffic management agencies and city residents. It is also an important research topic for professionals in traffic engineering and urban planning. In the recent years, Beijing has experienced rapid political, economic, and cultural development, which generated rapid increase of transportation demands. Transportation problems, especially the traffic congestion problems, are becoming increasingly serious. In order to meet the demand of 2008 Olympic Games, make the traffic flow smooth during the Games, and create a good environment for the economic development in the capital, the effort to alleviate the urban traffic congestions is becoming even more urgent. In this context, performing a practical assessment on the traffic operations of the road network with an attempt to develop feasible traffic management plans is a key element in alleviating urban traffic congestions.
In light of the above problems, this thesis first provides an introduction to the conventional measures and methods for assessing the traffic operations of the road network. Then, the thesis focuses on the study of the characteristics of floating car data. ,Further, it develops measures and methods for evaluating the traffic operations for the road network based on the floating car data in Beijing. Finally, the thesis assesses the status of traffic operations of the road network in Beijing by calculating and analyzing the selected evaluation measures. This assessment helps identify the primary congested road segments in Beijing, making it convenient for traffic management agencies to analyze and determine the causes of congestions and strive to identify the ultimate solutions to the congestions. Alleviating traffic congestion is not a mission that could be accomplished overnight, which instead must be carried out continuously over a long period of time. Further, the floating car data-based assessment of traffic operations proposed in this thesis is also a continuous undertaking in nature. The study in this thesis is significant in the sense that it provides an improved assessment of the traffic operations in Beijing and makes the effort in alleviating traffic congestions going be smooth.
针对上述问题，本文首先介绍了传统的道路网运行状况评价指标及评价方法；同时，重点研究了浮动车数据的特点，并在浮动车数据的基础上，依据北京市浮动车数据，提出对北京市道路运行状况评价的指标体系及评价方法；通过计算分析选取的评价指标，对北京市道路运行状态进行分析评价，从中找出北京市重点拥堵的路段，以方便交通管理部门重点分析，查找拥堵原因，最终解决北京市道路拥堵的现状。缓解拥堵的工作不是一蹴而就的，具有延续性和长期性的特点，而本文提出的基于浮动车数据的北京市道路网运行状况的评价也是一项连续的工作，本文的研究在更好的对北京市道路网运行状况进行准确的评价，使得缓解拥堵的工作得以顺利的进行方面，具有一定的现实意义。
The status of traffic operations of road networks is an urban problem concerned by both traffic management agencies and city residents. It is also an important research topic for professionals in traffic engineering and urban planning. In the recent years, Beijing has experienced rapid political, economic, and cultural development, which generated rapid increase of transportation demands. Transportation problems, especially the traffic congestion problems, are becoming increasingly serious. In order to meet the demand of 2008 Olympic Games, make the traffic flow smooth during the Games, and create a good environment for the economic development in the capital, the effort to alleviate the urban traffic congestions is becoming even more urgent. In this context, performing a practical assessment on the traffic operations of the road network with an attempt to develop feasible traffic management plans is a key element in alleviating urban traffic congestions.
In light of the above problems, this thesis first provides an introduction to the conventional measures and methods for assessing the traffic operations of the road network. Then, the thesis focuses on the study of the characteristics of floating car data. ,Further, it develops measures and methods for evaluating the traffic operations for the road network based on the floating car data in Beijing. Finally, the thesis assesses the status of traffic operations of the road network in Beijing by calculating and analyzing the selected evaluation measures. This assessment helps identify the primary congested road segments in Beijing, making it convenient for traffic management agencies to analyze and determine the causes of congestions and strive to identify the ultimate solutions to the congestions. Alleviating traffic congestion is not a mission that could be accomplished overnight, which instead must be carried out continuously over a long period of time. Further, the floating car data-based assessment of traffic operations proposed in this thesis is also a continuous undertaking in nature. The study in this thesis is significant in the sense that it provides an improved assessment of the traffic operations in Beijing and makes the effort in alleviating traffic congestions going be smooth.
引文
[1] 张敬淦．北京交通拥堵的症结分析．北京联合大学学报．2005．3(2)．pp．18-21
[2] 北京交通发展研究中心，北京交通大学，香港MVA有限公司．缓解市区交通拥堵措施可行性．研究及评价，北京2006．
[3] 陈锋．基于GPS／GIS的浮动车技术在北京市路网评价中的应用．北京交通大学硕士学位论．2005．
[4] Chundury, S. and B. Wolshon, Evaluation of the CORSIM Car Following Model Using GPS Field Data. Transportation Research Record 1710, Transportation Research Board, 2000, pp. 114-121.
[5]任福田等译．道路通行能力手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1991．
[6] Turner, S., R. Margiotta, and T. Lomax. Monitoring Urban Freeways in 2003: Current Conditions and Trends from Archived Operations Data. Publication FHWA-HOP-05-018, U.S. Department of Transportation, 2004.
[7] Hui Xie, Transportation Planner. Congestion Management System 2002 report. 2003.
[8] Manouchehr Vaziri. Development of Highway Congestion Index Using Fuzzy Set Models. Transportation Research Board. Constitution Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 2002.
[9] 城市道路交通管理评价指标体系．各类城市评价指标明细表道路交通管理数据库．2002．
[10] 城市道路交通指数模型研究及应用．上海市城市综合交通规划研究所．2001．
[11] 陈燕燕，刘小明，梁颖．可靠度在交通系统规划与管理中的应用[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．2006．
[12] 梁颖．大城市道路交通系统运营状态评价．北京工业大学硕士学位论文．2002．
[13] 姜桂艳．道路交通状态判别技术与应用fM]．北京：人民交通出版社2004．
[14] 孙晓峰，吴建平．基于浮动车数据采集技术的城市交通网络功能评价方法研究．现代交通技术．2005．(6)．pp．55-58．
[15] Caltabiano R and Pani B., 2000. Vehicle locazation using an Intergrated GPS-GLONASS advanced performance system, 7th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, 2000.
[16] 李作敏，杜颖．交通工程学(M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1993．
[17] 陆化普．城市交通现代化管理[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1998．
[18] CJJ37—90城市道路设计规范[S]．
[19] 中华人民共和国国家标准．GB 50220-95．城市道路交通规划设计规范[S]．
[20] 陈光辉，宋新生．城市道路网现状的模糊评价．中南公路工程．2001．26(4)．pp．88-89．
[21] 彭祖赠．模糊数学及其应用[M]．武汉：武汉大学出版社．2002．
[22] 孟路，晏启鹏．城市道路交通网拥挤度的模糊识别．四川建筑·城市规划与环境建设．2003．23(2)．PP．1-3．
[23] 饭田恭敬(日)编著．邵春福等译．交通工程学[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1993．
[24] 因曼(Inmon, W. H.)著(美)．王志海等译．数据仓库[M]．北京：机械工业出版社．2000．
[25] 陈可欣．Access VBA数据库高效开发范例应用[M]．北京：中国青年出版社．2005．
[2] 北京交通发展研究中心，北京交通大学，香港MVA有限公司．缓解市区交通拥堵措施可行性．研究及评价，北京2006．
[3] 陈锋．基于GPS／GIS的浮动车技术在北京市路网评价中的应用．北京交通大学硕士学位论．2005．
[4] Chundury, S. and B. Wolshon, Evaluation of the CORSIM Car Following Model Using GPS Field Data. Transportation Research Record 1710, Transportation Research Board, 2000, pp. 114-121.
[5]任福田等译．道路通行能力手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1991．
[6] Turner, S., R. Margiotta, and T. Lomax. Monitoring Urban Freeways in 2003: Current Conditions and Trends from Archived Operations Data. Publication FHWA-HOP-05-018, U.S. Department of Transportation, 2004.
[7] Hui Xie, Transportation Planner. Congestion Management System 2002 report. 2003.
[8] Manouchehr Vaziri. Development of Highway Congestion Index Using Fuzzy Set Models. Transportation Research Board. Constitution Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C. 2002.
[9] 城市道路交通管理评价指标体系．各类城市评价指标明细表道路交通管理数据库．2002．
[10] 城市道路交通指数模型研究及应用．上海市城市综合交通规划研究所．2001．
[11] 陈燕燕，刘小明，梁颖．可靠度在交通系统规划与管理中的应用[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．2006．
[12] 梁颖．大城市道路交通系统运营状态评价．北京工业大学硕士学位论文．2002．
[13] 姜桂艳．道路交通状态判别技术与应用fM]．北京：人民交通出版社2004．
[14] 孙晓峰，吴建平．基于浮动车数据采集技术的城市交通网络功能评价方法研究．现代交通技术．2005．(6)．pp．55-58．
[15] Caltabiano R and Pani B., 2000. Vehicle locazation using an Intergrated GPS-GLONASS advanced performance system, 7th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems, 2000.
[16] 李作敏，杜颖．交通工程学(M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1993．
[17] 陆化普．城市交通现代化管理[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1998．
[18] CJJ37—90城市道路设计规范[S]．
[19] 中华人民共和国国家标准．GB 50220-95．城市道路交通规划设计规范[S]．
[20] 陈光辉，宋新生．城市道路网现状的模糊评价．中南公路工程．2001．26(4)．pp．88-89．
[21] 彭祖赠．模糊数学及其应用[M]．武汉：武汉大学出版社．2002．
[22] 孟路，晏启鹏．城市道路交通网拥挤度的模糊识别．四川建筑·城市规划与环境建设．2003．23(2)．PP．1-3．
[23] 饭田恭敬(日)编著．邵春福等译．交通工程学[M]．北京：人民交通出版社．1993．
[24] 因曼(Inmon, W. H.)著(美)．王志海等译．数据仓库[M]．北京：机械工业出版社．2000．
[25] 陈可欣．Access VBA数据库高效开发范例应用[M]．北京：中国青年出版社．2005．