基于视频的智能交通监控系统技术研究
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摘要
交通视频监控是智能交通系统的重要组成部分，然而目前普遍使用的交通视频监控系统是采用PC作为系统的视频图像处理平台，不可避免的存在稳定性差、实时性低等问题。为了弥补这些不足，论文采用高性能的DSPs取代传统的PC作为核心处理器，设计了一种基于DSPs的交通视频监控系统的图像处理平台，详细的对其硬件实现和软件调试进行了论述；在这个基础上分析了视频图像采集和处理的流程，讨论了一种利用EDMA的实时后台传输数字视频方法和三帧缓冲的存储器管理方法，为系统的实时性提供了保障。
论文结合教研室在车流量和车速检测方面的经验，在这个硬件平台上，采用一种基于检测线的快速运动检测算法对车流量检测进行了仿真验证。最后对系统的技术实现和应用领域等方面进行了展望。
Video Surveillance is one of the important parts of Intelligent Transportation System(ITS). Nowadays, Popular Computers(PC) are often used as central control unit in image processing in most Video Surveillance systems, however, many serious problems such as instability and low processing speed are existed in the those systems. In order to deal with those problems above, a video surveillance scheme based on DSPs was presented, which used high performance DSPs to replace PC as central control unit. Not only did we realize the hardware circuits of the system, but also we developed it's software. Furthermore, three essential methods, for instance the data transfer method by Extend Direct Memory Access(EDMA), buffer management method by Three Buffer Strategy and optimized data acquire method had been discussed.
Based on the experiences of our teaching and research room in intelligent traffic monitoring, a real-time motion detection algorithm is used in our hardware system to detect multiple traffic parameters such as the number of the vehicles and the average speed and so on. Experiment results show that the performance of the system is satisfied. Finally, the potential application fields of the system are proposed.
论文结合教研室在车流量和车速检测方面的经验，在这个硬件平台上，采用一种基于检测线的快速运动检测算法对车流量检测进行了仿真验证。最后对系统的技术实现和应用领域等方面进行了展望。
Video Surveillance is one of the important parts of Intelligent Transportation System(ITS). Nowadays, Popular Computers(PC) are often used as central control unit in image processing in most Video Surveillance systems, however, many serious problems such as instability and low processing speed are existed in the those systems. In order to deal with those problems above, a video surveillance scheme based on DSPs was presented, which used high performance DSPs to replace PC as central control unit. Not only did we realize the hardware circuits of the system, but also we developed it's software. Furthermore, three essential methods, for instance the data transfer method by Extend Direct Memory Access(EDMA), buffer management method by Three Buffer Strategy and optimized data acquire method had been discussed.
Based on the experiences of our teaching and research room in intelligent traffic monitoring, a real-time motion detection algorithm is used in our hardware system to detect multiple traffic parameters such as the number of the vehicles and the average speed and so on. Experiment results show that the performance of the system is satisfied. Finally, the potential application fields of the system are proposed.
引文
[1] 刘智勇．智能交通控制理论及其应用．科学出版社，2003年8月．
[2] 杨兆升．智能运输系统概论．人民交通出版社，2003年1月．
[3] Rafael M Inigo. "Application of machine vision to traffic monitoring and control". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology, 1989.38(3):pp112～122.
[4] Dashan Gao,Jie Zhou. "Adaptive Background Estimation for Real-time Traffic Monitoring". 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland, August 2001:pp330～333.
[5] Tun-wen Pai, Wen-Jung Juang and Lee-Jyi Wang. "An Adaptive Windowing Prediction Algorithm for Vehicle Speed Estimation" in 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland, August 2001:pp152～155.
[6] J.Sah.B.T Chun; and M.Wang, "Analysis of Road Image Sequences for Vehicle Counting", in 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics October 1995,1(1):pp679～683.
[7] S.Takaba etal. "Measurement of traffic flow using real-time processing of moving picture". In 32nd. Conf. On Vehicular technology,1982:pp488～494.
[8] 杨磊等．闭路电视监控系统．机械工业出版社，1999年5月．
[9] 李波等．数字监控系统—多双眼睛看世界．北京航空航天大学，2000年7月．
[10] Collins Retal. "A system for video surveillance and monitoring", VSAM final report. Carnegie Mellon University, Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-00-12,2000:pp 1～25.
[11] K W Dickinson and C L Wan. "Road traffic monitoring using the TripⅡ System". In 2nd. Int. Conf. Road traffic monitoring, IEEE February 1989:pp56～60.
[12] Panos G. Michalopoulos. "Vehicle detection video through image processing". The Autoscope system IEEE Transaction on Vehicular technology. 1991.40(1):pp21～29.
[13] Rafael M Inigo. "Application of machine vision to traffic monitoring and control". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology, 1989.38(3):pp112～122.
[14] 左奇．交通图象检测与处理方法研究．西北工业大学博士论文，2003年10月．
[15] 林福宗．多媒体技术基础．清华大学出版社，2000年8月．
[16] 鄂大伟．多媒体技术基础与应用．高等教育出版社，2002年5月．
[17] C.Anderson,Peter Burr, and G.vander Wal. "Change detection and tracking using pyramid transformation techniques". In Proceedings of SPIE-Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision, 1985,4(6): pp72～78.
[18] Xinyu Liu, Danya Yao, Li Cao. "A feature-based real-time traffic tracking system using spatial filtering". 2001 IEEE intelligent transportation systems conference Proceedings-Oakland(CA), August 2001:pp25～29.
[19] C. Wren, A. Azarbayejani, T. Darrell, and Alex Pentland. Pfinder, "Real-time tracking of the human body". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1997,19(7):pp780～785.
[20] J. Barron, D. Fleet, and S. Beauchemin. "Performance of optical flow techniques". International Journal of Computer Vision, 1994,12(1):pp42～77.
[21] 王念旭等．DSP基础与应用系统设计．北航出版社，2002年8月．
[22] 张雄伟等．DSP芯片的原理与开发．电子工业出版社，2001年1月．
[23] 任丽香等．TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2001年6月．
[24] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6711, TMS320C6711B Floating-point Digital Signal Processors Datasheet. Application Report SPRS088B, September 2001.
[25] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide, Application Report SPRU 190D, February 2001.
[26] Philips Semiconductor Company, SAA7111AHZ Data Sheet, May 1996.
[27] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TPS56300 Data book, September 2000.
[28] Hynix Semiconductor, HY57V641620HG Datasheet, January 2002.
[29] Integrated Device Technology, Inc. IDT72V235 Data book, February 2002.
[30] Lattice Semiconductor corporation, In-System Programmable Solutions, ISP Data Book, 1999.
[31] 戴明桢，周建江．TMS320C54x DSP结构、原理及应用．北航出版社2001年11月．
[32] Texas Instruments Incorporated,TMS320VC5402 FIXED-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR. Application Report SPRS079E, May 1997.
[33] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6000 Power Consumption Summary, Application Report SPRA486, May 1999.
[34] Texas Instruments Incorporated, Using the TPS56300 to Power DSPs, Application Report SLVA088A, January 2001.
[35] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TPS3307-18D Triple Processor Supervisors, December 2002.
[36] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6x Manufacturing with the BGA Package,Application Report SPRA429, May 2000.
[37] 何立民．I2C总线应用系统设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，1995年2月．
[38] 肖儿良，纪爽等．可编程视频输入处理芯片SAA7111及其在图象多媒体中的应用．电子技术应用，1999年2月．
[39] 孙涵芳等．MCS-51／96系列单片机原理及应用．北京航空航天大学，2000年1月．
[40] 章毓晋．图像理解与计算机视觉．清华大学出版社，2000年8月．
[41] 章毓晋．图像处理和分析．清华大学出版社，1999年3月．
[42] Texas Instruments Incorporated, Migrating from TMS320C6211B/C6711B to TMS320C6713, Application Report Spra851B, April 2003.
[43] Dashan Gao,Jie Zhou. "Adaptive Background Estimation for Real-time Traffic Monitoring". 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland, August 2001:pp330-333.
[44] N.J. Ferrier S.M. Rowe A.Blake. "Real-Time Traffic Monitoring". In Proc. 2nd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, June 1994:pp81～88.
[45] J.Sah.B.T Chun and M.Wang, "Analysis of Road Image Sequences for Vehicle Counting", in 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics October 1995:1(1)pp679～683.
[46] Tun-wen Pai, Wen-Jung Juang and Lee-Jyi Wang. "An Adaptive Windowing Prediction Algorithm for Vehicle Speed Estimation" in 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland(CA) USA,August 2001:pp135～144.
[47] 卢强，陈泉林，林康红，奉玲．智能交通监视系统中路况图像背景去除算法研究．电子技术应用，2001年11期：pp35～36．
[48] 李维提．液晶显示应用技术．电子工业出版社，2001年6月．
[49] 胡海峰，史忠科，徐德文．智能汽车发展研究．2003陕西省首届智能交通技术研讨会论文集，西北公路2003增刊：PP12～P17
[50] 熊和金．智能汽车系统研究的若干问题．Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering．June 2001：pp37～P40．
[51] 谢飞．未来智能汽车及智能汽车交通系统．1997年6月：pp53～P57．
[52] 朱耀东，经亚枝，张焕春．基于FPGA&VGA控制器设计．电子技术应用，2002年11期：pp44～P46．
[2] 杨兆升．智能运输系统概论．人民交通出版社，2003年1月．
[3] Rafael M Inigo. "Application of machine vision to traffic monitoring and control". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology, 1989.38(3):pp112～122.
[4] Dashan Gao,Jie Zhou. "Adaptive Background Estimation for Real-time Traffic Monitoring". 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland, August 2001:pp330～333.
[5] Tun-wen Pai, Wen-Jung Juang and Lee-Jyi Wang. "An Adaptive Windowing Prediction Algorithm for Vehicle Speed Estimation" in 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland, August 2001:pp152～155.
[6] J.Sah.B.T Chun; and M.Wang, "Analysis of Road Image Sequences for Vehicle Counting", in 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics October 1995,1(1):pp679～683.
[7] S.Takaba etal. "Measurement of traffic flow using real-time processing of moving picture". In 32nd. Conf. On Vehicular technology,1982:pp488～494.
[8] 杨磊等．闭路电视监控系统．机械工业出版社，1999年5月．
[9] 李波等．数字监控系统—多双眼睛看世界．北京航空航天大学，2000年7月．
[10] Collins Retal. "A system for video surveillance and monitoring", VSAM final report. Carnegie Mellon University, Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-00-12,2000:pp 1～25.
[11] K W Dickinson and C L Wan. "Road traffic monitoring using the TripⅡ System". In 2nd. Int. Conf. Road traffic monitoring, IEEE February 1989:pp56～60.
[12] Panos G. Michalopoulos. "Vehicle detection video through image processing". The Autoscope system IEEE Transaction on Vehicular technology. 1991.40(1):pp21～29.
[13] Rafael M Inigo. "Application of machine vision to traffic monitoring and control". IEEE Transactions on Vehicular technology, 1989.38(3):pp112～122.
[14] 左奇．交通图象检测与处理方法研究．西北工业大学博士论文，2003年10月．
[15] 林福宗．多媒体技术基础．清华大学出版社，2000年8月．
[16] 鄂大伟．多媒体技术基础与应用．高等教育出版社，2002年5月．
[17] C.Anderson,Peter Burr, and G.vander Wal. "Change detection and tracking using pyramid transformation techniques". In Proceedings of SPIE-Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision, 1985,4(6): pp72～78.
[18] Xinyu Liu, Danya Yao, Li Cao. "A feature-based real-time traffic tracking system using spatial filtering". 2001 IEEE intelligent transportation systems conference Proceedings-Oakland(CA), August 2001:pp25～29.
[19] C. Wren, A. Azarbayejani, T. Darrell, and Alex Pentland. Pfinder, "Real-time tracking of the human body". IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1997,19(7):pp780～785.
[20] J. Barron, D. Fleet, and S. Beauchemin. "Performance of optical flow techniques". International Journal of Computer Vision, 1994,12(1):pp42～77.
[21] 王念旭等．DSP基础与应用系统设计．北航出版社，2002年8月．
[22] 张雄伟等．DSP芯片的原理与开发．电子工业出版社，2001年1月．
[23] 任丽香等．TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用．电子工业出版社，2001年6月．
[24] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6711, TMS320C6711B Floating-point Digital Signal Processors Datasheet. Application Report SPRS088B, September 2001.
[25] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide, Application Report SPRU 190D, February 2001.
[26] Philips Semiconductor Company, SAA7111AHZ Data Sheet, May 1996.
[27] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TPS56300 Data book, September 2000.
[28] Hynix Semiconductor, HY57V641620HG Datasheet, January 2002.
[29] Integrated Device Technology, Inc. IDT72V235 Data book, February 2002.
[30] Lattice Semiconductor corporation, In-System Programmable Solutions, ISP Data Book, 1999.
[31] 戴明桢，周建江．TMS320C54x DSP结构、原理及应用．北航出版社2001年11月．
[32] Texas Instruments Incorporated,TMS320VC5402 FIXED-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR. Application Report SPRS079E, May 1997.
[33] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6000 Power Consumption Summary, Application Report SPRA486, May 1999.
[34] Texas Instruments Incorporated, Using the TPS56300 to Power DSPs, Application Report SLVA088A, January 2001.
[35] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TPS3307-18D Triple Processor Supervisors, December 2002.
[36] Texas Instruments Incorporated, TMS320C6x Manufacturing with the BGA Package,Application Report SPRA429, May 2000.
[37] 何立民．I2C总线应用系统设计．北京航空航天大学出版社，1995年2月．
[38] 肖儿良，纪爽等．可编程视频输入处理芯片SAA7111及其在图象多媒体中的应用．电子技术应用，1999年2月．
[39] 孙涵芳等．MCS-51／96系列单片机原理及应用．北京航空航天大学，2000年1月．
[40] 章毓晋．图像理解与计算机视觉．清华大学出版社，2000年8月．
[41] 章毓晋．图像处理和分析．清华大学出版社，1999年3月．
[42] Texas Instruments Incorporated, Migrating from TMS320C6211B/C6711B to TMS320C6713, Application Report Spra851B, April 2003.
[43] Dashan Gao,Jie Zhou. "Adaptive Background Estimation for Real-time Traffic Monitoring". 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland, August 2001:pp330-333.
[44] N.J. Ferrier S.M. Rowe A.Blake. "Real-Time Traffic Monitoring". In Proc. 2nd IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision, June 1994:pp81～88.
[45] J.Sah.B.T Chun and M.Wang, "Analysis of Road Image Sequences for Vehicle Counting", in 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics October 1995:1(1)pp679～683.
[46] Tun-wen Pai, Wen-Jung Juang and Lee-Jyi Wang. "An Adaptive Windowing Prediction Algorithm for Vehicle Speed Estimation" in 2001 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference Proceedings-Oakland(CA) USA,August 2001:pp135～144.
[47] 卢强，陈泉林，林康红，奉玲．智能交通监视系统中路况图像背景去除算法研究．电子技术应用，2001年11期：pp35～36．
[48] 李维提．液晶显示应用技术．电子工业出版社，2001年6月．
[49] 胡海峰，史忠科，徐德文．智能汽车发展研究．2003陕西省首届智能交通技术研讨会论文集，西北公路2003增刊：PP12～P17
[50] 熊和金．智能汽车系统研究的若干问题．Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering．June 2001：pp37～P40．
[51] 谢飞．未来智能汽车及智能汽车交通系统．1997年6月：pp53～P57．
[52] 朱耀东，经亚枝，张焕春．基于FPGA&VGA控制器设计．电子技术应用，2002年11期：pp44～P46．