城市快速路衔接问题系统研究
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摘要
随着城市的发展及城市交通需求的迅猛增长,我国大城市纷纷规划建设快速路系统,以满足城市机动车快速发展的需要。然而,与美国等西方国家不同的是,我国的快速路系统是在已有一定规模的路网基础上经过新建、改建而形成。长期以来,由于缺少专门的快速路规划理论与设计规范,在建设过程中对快速路与城市其它等级道路(论文中统称为常规道路)系统衔接问题考虑不足,因而带来了许多交通问题。主要表现在快速路系统与其它等级道路系统车流转换不畅,特别是快速路出入口与相邻交叉口衔接段交通拥堵、事故频发,形成交通的瓶颈。更严重的是,随着交通需求的日益增长,瓶颈处的交通问题不断向周围路网蔓延,并越演越烈。除北京、上海等城市,我国大多数城市还处于快速路初步建设阶段,为保证快速路系统与已有其它等级城市道路系统形成有机整体,迫切需要对快速路的衔接问题进行专门的研究。
论文以快速路与城市其它等级道路有效衔接为目的,在国内外理论研究与实践经验基础上,分别从快速路系统的规划、设计与系统控制等多方面对快速路衔接问题进行系统研究。
1.论文分析了我国快速路规划的背景及存在的主要问题,具体讨论了已有的快速路规划方法对快速路衔接问题的考虑情况,并提出点线面相结合的规划方法。针对现有路网交通流分配方法忽略次要道路、未考虑道路功能等的不足,说明考虑避路或减少快速路短距离出行的依据。基于多路径概率分配模型,提出考虑避免快速路短距离出行的有效路径长度的计算方法并进行算法的设计,配流结果分析为确定快速路建设标准、平行道路与衔接点的识别提供依据,也讨论了配流方法应用中初始路网构建、权值计算方法、临界值与权值修正函数等主要问题。同时,论文对与快速路与其它等级道路衔接直接有关的快速路节点规划、快速路与其它等级道路衔接状况的评价指标体系等也进行了分析。
2.论文分析了城市道路交通网络的三个层次(普通的市政道路、城市快速路和城市外围公路)及其相互关系,指出快速路系统是城市对外交通系统的重要组成部分,城市出入口是快速路与城市外围公路衔接的关键,应完善出入口道路网络,并提出具体要求。
3.论文分析《城市快速路设计规范》(CJJ129-2009)相关设计要求,指出出入口设计应为快速路与其它等级道路的衔接提供基本条件,结合快速路实践中存在的主要问题,对快速路出入口设计提出要求；重点对快速路出入口与相邻交叉口联接段的设计要素及交通组织方法展开讨论,并针对常见的下匝道与相邻交叉口空间不足的问题,提出受空间制约的下匝道与交叉口联接段控制方法,通过VISSIM仿真验证。
4.论文从交通管理与控制角度,利用快速路系统与常规道路系统已具有的成熟的优化控制方法,提出基于阻塞指数的分层启发式协调整合控制方法。具体给出了整合控制的思路,并对整合控制的关键环节作较详细的阐述,包括阻塞指数的定义、快速路出入口匝道与相邻交叉口的协调控制原理及出入口及相邻交叉口与各子系统的协调控制等,同时对整合协调控制所需的技术条件、控制方法实际应用及不同交通状态下的优化目标进行分析。以入口匝道与相邻交叉口为研究对象,通过VISSIM仿真,验证控制思路的有效性。针对主辅路横断面设计的快速路,论文还提出了辅路与相邻交叉口协调控制思路。
5.论文同时也对快速路车流组织管理,具体包括标志与标线的管理、车辆及其运行规则的管理、城市出入口管理等结合实际存在的问题提出管理要求,重点对大货车对快速路车流的影响运用交通波理论进行定量分析,为严格车道功能划分、限制道路最低速度、控制快速路大货车比例、做好快速路与其它对外通道的衔接等提供依据。同时对避免或减少快速路短距离出行管理及城市出入口管理进行讨论。
城市快速路与城市其它等级道路的相互衔接,形成结构合理、功能明确的多层次的城市路网系统,是城市路网功能发挥的基础；快速路与其它等级道路系统的整合控制是提高城市路网功能效率的技术保障。本论文的研究成果对我国城市快速路系统的建设有重要的参考价值。
With the development of cities and the rapid increase in traffic demand, the urban expressway system of big cities in China is under planning and construction in succession to meet the rapid growth of the urban motor vehicles. However, the expressway in China is built through new construction and/or reconstruction based on the old urban road network already with a certain scale, which is different from that in west countries such as America. There remain a lot of traffic problems for a long time for the inadequate consideration of the coordination of the urban expressway with other urban roads (collectively called conventional roads), and the lack of professional expressway planning theories and design standards. The poor traffic flow conversion between the two systems have caused the traffic congestion and frequent accidents that give rise to the traffic bottleneck, especially at the exit and entrance of expressway and adjacent intersection. What is more serious, these traffic problems in the traffic bottleneck will spread quickly throughout the neighbouring unban traffic network. Nowadays, China's development of expressway in most big cities but Beijing and Shanghai is still in its start stage, which makes it urgent to do system research on the connection problem of expressway, for assuring the two systems form an organic whole.
With the aim of efficient coordination of urban expressway with the other urban roads, the paper discusses the connection problem of expressway from different aspects, such as expressway system planning, design, system control, and so on, based on the theoretical research and practical experience at home and abroad.
1. The paper conducts an analysis of the background of expressway planning, discusses some known methods dealing with the connection problem of expressway, and based on which, points out a planning method of combining node with line and network. As for the problem that the existing assignment model fails to take into consideration minor roads and the road functions, the basis of avoiding or decreasing short-distance travel on expressway are put forward. Based on multi-path assignment model, the calculation method, considering short-distance travel on expressway, and its algorithm design are presented. The traffic flow assignment serves as the basis on devising road construction standards, identifying roads parallel to expressway and the connection point of expressway and conventional road. Some main problems, such as orginal road network, computing method, and weight modified function are discussed. It's simultaneously parsed in this paper the joint section planning of expressway with the other urban roads, and the index system to evaluate the two systems'coordination.
2. The paper goes into the three levels of urban network (common municipal road, urban expressway and suburban road) and their relationships, pointing out that expressway system is important part of urban outbound traffic, that exits and entrances are critical to the coordination of expressway with urban road network, and the improvement should be made of the exit and entrance road network, with its specific requirements presented.
3. Based on the understanding of "Urban expressway design standard (CJJ129-2009)" it's suggested in this paper that the design of exit and entrance of expressway should provide basic conditions for the coordination of expressway with the other urban roads. As for the existent main problem in expressway construction, it's proposed here some design requirements for designing the exit and entrance of expressway, with a major discussion on the design elements and traffic flow management of joint sections. Furthermore, as for the common problem of the restricted space of expressway in the off-ramp joint section, it's put forth an optimal design and control method, which proves to be effective through the simulation of Vissim.
4. From the perspective of traffic management control and based on the existing mature optimal control methods of expressway system and the conventional road system, the paper forwards a multi-layered heuristic coordinated integrated control method as per the blocking index. The key links of integrated control are elaborated on, such as the definition of blocking index, the integrated control, the integrated control principle of passageway of expressway and adjacent intersection, and the integrated control of the passageway of expressway and adjacent intersection with their subsystems. Furthermore, the technical conditions required for integrated control, application of the control methe and the optimization goal at different traffic state are analysed. Taking the coordination of on-ramps with adjacent intersections as an example, the paper verifies the effectiveness of the control idea through the simulation of Vissim. For the expressway with the cross section of the main road and auxiliary lane, the coordinated integrated control idea of Auxiliary Lane and adjacent intersection was been proposed.
5. The paper analyses the traffic flow management of expressway, such as the signs and lines of management, vehicles and their operation rules management, urban access management. Combined with the existing problems of management, the paper proposes some management requirements. In this part, the paper focus on a quantitative analysis of impact of large-scale trucks on the traffic flow of expressway with traffic flow wave theory which provides the basis for making clear division of large-scale truck lanes, limiting the minimum speed and strictly controlling the proportion of large-scale trucks on the expressway, and doing good job for coordination of expressway with other urban passageway. Meanwhile, the management measures are discussed on avoiding/decreasing short-distance trip on expressway and traffic flow of city entrance.
Only with a multilevel urban road network system of efficient coordination of urban expressway with other urban roads, rational in functions and clear in structure, can its traffic function and capacity be fully exploited. The integrated control of expressway and other urban road system is the technical support for improving the efficiency of urban road network. In view of this, the research result can provide important references for urban expressway system construction in our country.
论文以快速路与城市其它等级道路有效衔接为目的,在国内外理论研究与实践经验基础上,分别从快速路系统的规划、设计与系统控制等多方面对快速路衔接问题进行系统研究。
1.论文分析了我国快速路规划的背景及存在的主要问题,具体讨论了已有的快速路规划方法对快速路衔接问题的考虑情况,并提出点线面相结合的规划方法。针对现有路网交通流分配方法忽略次要道路、未考虑道路功能等的不足,说明考虑避路或减少快速路短距离出行的依据。基于多路径概率分配模型,提出考虑避免快速路短距离出行的有效路径长度的计算方法并进行算法的设计,配流结果分析为确定快速路建设标准、平行道路与衔接点的识别提供依据,也讨论了配流方法应用中初始路网构建、权值计算方法、临界值与权值修正函数等主要问题。同时,论文对与快速路与其它等级道路衔接直接有关的快速路节点规划、快速路与其它等级道路衔接状况的评价指标体系等也进行了分析。
2.论文分析了城市道路交通网络的三个层次(普通的市政道路、城市快速路和城市外围公路)及其相互关系,指出快速路系统是城市对外交通系统的重要组成部分,城市出入口是快速路与城市外围公路衔接的关键,应完善出入口道路网络,并提出具体要求。
3.论文分析《城市快速路设计规范》(CJJ129-2009)相关设计要求,指出出入口设计应为快速路与其它等级道路的衔接提供基本条件,结合快速路实践中存在的主要问题,对快速路出入口设计提出要求；重点对快速路出入口与相邻交叉口联接段的设计要素及交通组织方法展开讨论,并针对常见的下匝道与相邻交叉口空间不足的问题,提出受空间制约的下匝道与交叉口联接段控制方法,通过VISSIM仿真验证。
4.论文从交通管理与控制角度,利用快速路系统与常规道路系统已具有的成熟的优化控制方法,提出基于阻塞指数的分层启发式协调整合控制方法。具体给出了整合控制的思路,并对整合控制的关键环节作较详细的阐述,包括阻塞指数的定义、快速路出入口匝道与相邻交叉口的协调控制原理及出入口及相邻交叉口与各子系统的协调控制等,同时对整合协调控制所需的技术条件、控制方法实际应用及不同交通状态下的优化目标进行分析。以入口匝道与相邻交叉口为研究对象,通过VISSIM仿真,验证控制思路的有效性。针对主辅路横断面设计的快速路,论文还提出了辅路与相邻交叉口协调控制思路。
5.论文同时也对快速路车流组织管理,具体包括标志与标线的管理、车辆及其运行规则的管理、城市出入口管理等结合实际存在的问题提出管理要求,重点对大货车对快速路车流的影响运用交通波理论进行定量分析,为严格车道功能划分、限制道路最低速度、控制快速路大货车比例、做好快速路与其它对外通道的衔接等提供依据。同时对避免或减少快速路短距离出行管理及城市出入口管理进行讨论。
城市快速路与城市其它等级道路的相互衔接,形成结构合理、功能明确的多层次的城市路网系统,是城市路网功能发挥的基础；快速路与其它等级道路系统的整合控制是提高城市路网功能效率的技术保障。本论文的研究成果对我国城市快速路系统的建设有重要的参考价值。
With the development of cities and the rapid increase in traffic demand, the urban expressway system of big cities in China is under planning and construction in succession to meet the rapid growth of the urban motor vehicles. However, the expressway in China is built through new construction and/or reconstruction based on the old urban road network already with a certain scale, which is different from that in west countries such as America. There remain a lot of traffic problems for a long time for the inadequate consideration of the coordination of the urban expressway with other urban roads (collectively called conventional roads), and the lack of professional expressway planning theories and design standards. The poor traffic flow conversion between the two systems have caused the traffic congestion and frequent accidents that give rise to the traffic bottleneck, especially at the exit and entrance of expressway and adjacent intersection. What is more serious, these traffic problems in the traffic bottleneck will spread quickly throughout the neighbouring unban traffic network. Nowadays, China's development of expressway in most big cities but Beijing and Shanghai is still in its start stage, which makes it urgent to do system research on the connection problem of expressway, for assuring the two systems form an organic whole.
With the aim of efficient coordination of urban expressway with the other urban roads, the paper discusses the connection problem of expressway from different aspects, such as expressway system planning, design, system control, and so on, based on the theoretical research and practical experience at home and abroad.
1. The paper conducts an analysis of the background of expressway planning, discusses some known methods dealing with the connection problem of expressway, and based on which, points out a planning method of combining node with line and network. As for the problem that the existing assignment model fails to take into consideration minor roads and the road functions, the basis of avoiding or decreasing short-distance travel on expressway are put forward. Based on multi-path assignment model, the calculation method, considering short-distance travel on expressway, and its algorithm design are presented. The traffic flow assignment serves as the basis on devising road construction standards, identifying roads parallel to expressway and the connection point of expressway and conventional road. Some main problems, such as orginal road network, computing method, and weight modified function are discussed. It's simultaneously parsed in this paper the joint section planning of expressway with the other urban roads, and the index system to evaluate the two systems'coordination.
2. The paper goes into the three levels of urban network (common municipal road, urban expressway and suburban road) and their relationships, pointing out that expressway system is important part of urban outbound traffic, that exits and entrances are critical to the coordination of expressway with urban road network, and the improvement should be made of the exit and entrance road network, with its specific requirements presented.
3. Based on the understanding of "Urban expressway design standard (CJJ129-2009)" it's suggested in this paper that the design of exit and entrance of expressway should provide basic conditions for the coordination of expressway with the other urban roads. As for the existent main problem in expressway construction, it's proposed here some design requirements for designing the exit and entrance of expressway, with a major discussion on the design elements and traffic flow management of joint sections. Furthermore, as for the common problem of the restricted space of expressway in the off-ramp joint section, it's put forth an optimal design and control method, which proves to be effective through the simulation of Vissim.
4. From the perspective of traffic management control and based on the existing mature optimal control methods of expressway system and the conventional road system, the paper forwards a multi-layered heuristic coordinated integrated control method as per the blocking index. The key links of integrated control are elaborated on, such as the definition of blocking index, the integrated control, the integrated control principle of passageway of expressway and adjacent intersection, and the integrated control of the passageway of expressway and adjacent intersection with their subsystems. Furthermore, the technical conditions required for integrated control, application of the control methe and the optimization goal at different traffic state are analysed. Taking the coordination of on-ramps with adjacent intersections as an example, the paper verifies the effectiveness of the control idea through the simulation of Vissim. For the expressway with the cross section of the main road and auxiliary lane, the coordinated integrated control idea of Auxiliary Lane and adjacent intersection was been proposed.
5. The paper analyses the traffic flow management of expressway, such as the signs and lines of management, vehicles and their operation rules management, urban access management. Combined with the existing problems of management, the paper proposes some management requirements. In this part, the paper focus on a quantitative analysis of impact of large-scale trucks on the traffic flow of expressway with traffic flow wave theory which provides the basis for making clear division of large-scale truck lanes, limiting the minimum speed and strictly controlling the proportion of large-scale trucks on the expressway, and doing good job for coordination of expressway with other urban passageway. Meanwhile, the management measures are discussed on avoiding/decreasing short-distance trip on expressway and traffic flow of city entrance.
Only with a multilevel urban road network system of efficient coordination of urban expressway with other urban roads, rational in functions and clear in structure, can its traffic function and capacity be fully exploited. The integrated control of expressway and other urban road system is the technical support for improving the efficiency of urban road network. In view of this, the research result can provide important references for urban expressway system construction in our country.
引文
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