道路交通安全评价研究
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摘要
汽车作为交通工具已广泛深入人们生活的每一角落，特别是近几年，我国人民的生活水平的提高，家庭汽车不断增加，对道路环境(安全)的要求也越来越高。道路交通安全直接影响和制约着交通运输业的发展，要提高道路安全性能，减少交通事故的发生，首先应客观地对道路的交通安全作出相应的评价，然后提出处理方案，改善交通环境，提高道路的运营效益。本论文从点、线和面三个层次建立道路交通评价体系和方法，试图对交通安全评价进行一个比较系统的分析与研究，这种研究的基础是道路交通事故指标值，即事故数、伤亡人数和财产损失，在此基础上综合考虑具体的交通条件，并将其合理的融入上述指标中进行评价。点层次的评价是指同一路线上不同的点的安全评价，道路上事故多发点的确定，结合原有方法的缺陷与不足提出新的方法。线的评价是指同一地区不同道路的安全评价，比较某一地区内不同道路的安全性能，比较与判别不同道路的安全性能等级，提出评价指标体系与方法。面层次的评价是指大区域内不同地区的道路安全评价。通过对三个层次的评价，形成道路安全评价的体系。对一个比较大的区域内的不同地区的道路安全性能进行比较，确定其安全性能等级，给出合理的评价标准。
Automobiles have affected deeply to people's life for every walk being a traffic tool. Especially since the years, the living standard has been improved and automobiles are needed greatly and the requirement to the road safety is gradually high, and the road safety directly affects and restricts the development of the transport sector. To improve the road safe performance and reduce the traffic accidents, the corresponding evaluation shall be made objectively first to the road safety, then the disposal scheme shall be worked out to improve the traffic environment and promote the road transportation operation benefit. The article tries to provide the systematical analysis to the traffic safety evaluation, by setting up the road traffic evaluation system and method based on the three course: spots, alignments and sections, which study base will be the road traffic accident indicator value, i. e. numbers of accidents, numbers of the wounded and the dead and the property loss. Based on it is the comprehensive consideration to the detailed traffic condition, to be evaluated among the mentioned above indicators reasonably. The evaluation to the spot and course refers to the safety evaluation on different spots on the same alignment, as well the determination for multi-accidents on road, to raise the new method by combining the shortcoming of the existing method. The evaluation to the alignment refers to the safety evaluation to different road on the same zone, to compare with the safety performance for different roads in the same zone and to compare and identify the safety performance degradation with different roads, then to raise the evaluation indicators system and method. The evaluation for sections and courses refers to the road safety evaluation to the different zones in the big areas. By evaluating the three courses' safety condition, the system for road safety evaluation will be formed. For the roads at different zones in big area, the safety performance will be compared to determine the safety performance degradation and to raise the rational evaluation standard.
Automobiles have affected deeply to people's life for every walk being a traffic tool. Especially since the years, the living standard has been improved and automobiles are needed greatly and the requirement to the road safety is gradually high, and the road safety directly affects and restricts the development of the transport sector. To improve the road safe performance and reduce the traffic accidents, the corresponding evaluation shall be made objectively first to the road safety, then the disposal scheme shall be worked out to improve the traffic environment and promote the road transportation operation benefit. The article tries to provide the systematical analysis to the traffic safety evaluation, by setting up the road traffic evaluation system and method based on the three course: spots, alignments and sections, which study base will be the road traffic accident indicator value, i. e. numbers of accidents, numbers of the wounded and the dead and the property loss. Based on it is the comprehensive consideration to the detailed traffic condition, to be evaluated among the mentioned above indicators reasonably. The evaluation to the spot and course refers to the safety evaluation on different spots on the same alignment, as well the determination for multi-accidents on road, to raise the new method by combining the shortcoming of the existing method. The evaluation to the alignment refers to the safety evaluation to different road on the same zone, to compare with the safety performance for different roads in the same zone and to compare and identify the safety performance degradation with different roads, then to raise the evaluation indicators system and method. The evaluation for sections and courses refers to the road safety evaluation to the different zones in the big areas. By evaluating the three courses' safety condition, the system for road safety evaluation will be formed. For the roads at different zones in big area, the safety performance will be compared to determine the safety performance degradation and to raise the rational evaluation standard.
引文
1 任福田，刘小明．论道路交通安全．人民交通出版社，2001：27～39
2 刘小明．交通预测原理方法．北京工业大学出版社，1990：76～110
3 邓聚龙．灰色系统基本方法．华中理工大学出版社，1987：25～43
4 赵恩棠，刘稀柏．道路交通安全．人民交通出版社，1990：17～27
5 李作敏．交通工程学．人民交通出版社，2000：121～130
6 何景华．公路勘测设计．人民交通出版社，1985：99～116
7 刘建军，韩凤春，刘东．交通工程学基础．人民交通出版社，1995：30～45
8 严宝杰．交通调查与分析．人民交通出版社，1997：66～89
9 徐吉谦．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，1991：37～45
10 陈凤仁．交通运输安全学．大连海运学院出版社．1990：134～145
11 公安部交通管理局．道路交通事故处理手册．档案出版社，1991：51～55
12 赵恩棠，刘稀柏．公路勘测设计．人民交通出版社，1989：83～86
13 克列斯特·海顿著，张苏译．交通冲突技术．西南交通大学出版社，1994：23～19
14 罗江涛，刘小明，任福田．道路交通安全灰色评价方法研究．中国公路学报，1995年，第4期：15～20
15 刘士奇，王剑平，张毓贤．公路交通安全评价指标体系探讨．北方交通大学学报，1994年，第4期：8～12
16 刘运通．论道路交通安全的宏观评价．中国公路学报，1995年，增1期：24～26
17 刘士奇，王剑平，张毓贤．北京市道路交通安全分析与评价．中国公路学报，1995年，增1期：40～45
18 罗石贵，周伟．交通交通事故多发点鉴定方法探讨．西安公路交通大学学报，1999年，第2期：19～23
19 徐吉谦．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，2001：37～56
20 任福田．道路通行能力手册．中国建筑出版社，1991：136～160
21 杨佩昆，张树声．交通管理与控制．人民交通出版社，1999：127～142
22 任福田．交通工程学导论．中国建筑工业出版社，1987：145～158
23 周商吾．交通工程．同济大学出版社，1987：71～75
24 任福田，刘小明，荣建．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，2003：138～151
25 张凡安．交通工程学．兰州大学出版社，1992：107～125
26 张邰生．交通工程学基础．人民交通出版社，2002：76～85
27 徐吉谦，任福田．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，2002：156～167
28 马荣国，杨立波．交通工程设计理论与方法．人民交通出版社，2002：142～151
29 Wolfgang S. Homburger. Transportation and Traffic Engineering handbook (ITE) New jersey, 1982:73～78
30 James H. Kell. Iris J. Fullerton. Manual of Traffic Singal Design, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1982:107～119
31 John. J. Fruin Pedestrin. Planning and Design. New York,1971:56～77
32 Special Report Transpotation Research Board National Research Council Washington D.C ,1994:105～111
33 Federal Highway Adiministration Traffic Control Devices Handbook Port.Ⅳ Signals D.C. US Detartment of Transportation, 1983:45～56
34 Haight F. Unsafe road condition contributes greatly to accidents Transportation Research News ,1977:45～52
35 Acha-Daza, J. A. and F. L. Hall, Application of Catastrophe Theory to Traffic Flow Variables. Transportation Research ,1994:23～31
36 ADB. Road Safety Guidelines for Asia and Pacific Region, Manila, 1996
37 TRL. Road Safety Engineering Manual. London, 1993:9～45
39 N Bhagwant Persaud. Estimating Accident Potential of Ontrio Road Sections, Transportation Research Record 1327. Transportation Research Board,Washington D.C., USA, 1993:107～135
40 Prianka N. Seneviratne. Knowledge-Based System for Managing Intersection Safety, Jourmal of Transportation Engineering, 1990:121～144
41 Chen, J.S. and Wang, S.C..Comprehensive evaluateon of traditional techniques and proposal of a new method for identifying hazardous locations, 1995:143～149
42 Sayed, T.,Abdelwahab, W.,and Navin, F..Identifying accident-prone locations using fuzzy patterm recognition, 1995:88～102
43 Sayed, T.,Abdelwahab, W.,Using accident correctability to identify accident-prone locations, 1997:7～35
44 Datta, T.K.,Opiela, K.S. and Smith, R.J. Analysis of countywide accident dara by rate and frequentcy, 1977:37～66
45 Hauer, E. and Persaud, B.N..Ptoblem of identifying hazardous locations using accident data, 1984:79～86
46 Langhand, J.C. Method of evaluating highway safety improvement national cooperative highway research program 162. Transportation Research Board, Washingdon, D.C, 1975:102～117
47 Higle, J.L. and Hecht, M.B.A compareison of techniques for the identifyication of hazardous locations, Transportation Research Record 1238,1992:92～105
48 TedR. Miller etc.,Cost and Functional consequences of U.S roadway Crashes. Accidents Analysis and Prevent, 1993:45～48
49 Jagadish C. Guria, The expected loss of life quality from Traffic injuries Requiring Hospitalisation. Analysis and Prevent, 1993:90～112
46 Jadaon Ks. Kuwait accident patterms and cost evaluateon. Australian Rd Res 1986:34～37
50 Hills PJ. The cost of traffic accidents and the valuation of accident-preventon in developing countries, Highway investment in developing countries. ICE London, 1983:43～51
51 Oppe S.Development of Traffic Safety Global Trends and Incidental Fluctiuaions. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1991:66～69
52 Navin, F.,et al. Road Safety Model:Some Fundamental Ideas. In Transportation Research Record 1563, TRB, National Research Council,Washington, D.C.:120～131
53 Minter, A. LRoad Casualties. Improvement by Learning Processes. Traffic Engineering and Control,Feb, 1987:77～89
2 刘小明．交通预测原理方法．北京工业大学出版社，1990：76～110
3 邓聚龙．灰色系统基本方法．华中理工大学出版社，1987：25～43
4 赵恩棠，刘稀柏．道路交通安全．人民交通出版社，1990：17～27
5 李作敏．交通工程学．人民交通出版社，2000：121～130
6 何景华．公路勘测设计．人民交通出版社，1985：99～116
7 刘建军，韩凤春，刘东．交通工程学基础．人民交通出版社，1995：30～45
8 严宝杰．交通调查与分析．人民交通出版社，1997：66～89
9 徐吉谦．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，1991：37～45
10 陈凤仁．交通运输安全学．大连海运学院出版社．1990：134～145
11 公安部交通管理局．道路交通事故处理手册．档案出版社，1991：51～55
12 赵恩棠，刘稀柏．公路勘测设计．人民交通出版社，1989：83～86
13 克列斯特·海顿著，张苏译．交通冲突技术．西南交通大学出版社，1994：23～19
14 罗江涛，刘小明，任福田．道路交通安全灰色评价方法研究．中国公路学报，1995年，第4期：15～20
15 刘士奇，王剑平，张毓贤．公路交通安全评价指标体系探讨．北方交通大学学报，1994年，第4期：8～12
16 刘运通．论道路交通安全的宏观评价．中国公路学报，1995年，增1期：24～26
17 刘士奇，王剑平，张毓贤．北京市道路交通安全分析与评价．中国公路学报，1995年，增1期：40～45
18 罗石贵，周伟．交通交通事故多发点鉴定方法探讨．西安公路交通大学学报，1999年，第2期：19～23
19 徐吉谦．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，2001：37～56
20 任福田．道路通行能力手册．中国建筑出版社，1991：136～160
21 杨佩昆，张树声．交通管理与控制．人民交通出版社，1999：127～142
22 任福田．交通工程学导论．中国建筑工业出版社，1987：145～158
23 周商吾．交通工程．同济大学出版社，1987：71～75
24 任福田，刘小明，荣建．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，2003：138～151
25 张凡安．交通工程学．兰州大学出版社，1992：107～125
26 张邰生．交通工程学基础．人民交通出版社，2002：76～85
27 徐吉谦，任福田．交通工程总论．人民交通出版社，2002：156～167
28 马荣国，杨立波．交通工程设计理论与方法．人民交通出版社，2002：142～151
29 Wolfgang S. Homburger. Transportation and Traffic Engineering handbook (ITE) New jersey, 1982:73～78
30 James H. Kell. Iris J. Fullerton. Manual of Traffic Singal Design, New Jersey Prentice-Hall, 1982:107～119
31 John. J. Fruin Pedestrin. Planning and Design. New York,1971:56～77
32 Special Report Transpotation Research Board National Research Council Washington D.C ,1994:105～111
33 Federal Highway Adiministration Traffic Control Devices Handbook Port.Ⅳ Signals D.C. US Detartment of Transportation, 1983:45～56
34 Haight F. Unsafe road condition contributes greatly to accidents Transportation Research News ,1977:45～52
35 Acha-Daza, J. A. and F. L. Hall, Application of Catastrophe Theory to Traffic Flow Variables. Transportation Research ,1994:23～31
36 ADB. Road Safety Guidelines for Asia and Pacific Region, Manila, 1996
37 TRL. Road Safety Engineering Manual. London, 1993:9～45
39 N Bhagwant Persaud. Estimating Accident Potential of Ontrio Road Sections, Transportation Research Record 1327. Transportation Research Board,Washington D.C., USA, 1993:107～135
40 Prianka N. Seneviratne. Knowledge-Based System for Managing Intersection Safety, Jourmal of Transportation Engineering, 1990:121～144
41 Chen, J.S. and Wang, S.C..Comprehensive evaluateon of traditional techniques and proposal of a new method for identifying hazardous locations, 1995:143～149
42 Sayed, T.,Abdelwahab, W.,and Navin, F..Identifying accident-prone locations using fuzzy patterm recognition, 1995:88～102
43 Sayed, T.,Abdelwahab, W.,Using accident correctability to identify accident-prone locations, 1997:7～35
44 Datta, T.K.,Opiela, K.S. and Smith, R.J. Analysis of countywide accident dara by rate and frequentcy, 1977:37～66
45 Hauer, E. and Persaud, B.N..Ptoblem of identifying hazardous locations using accident data, 1984:79～86
46 Langhand, J.C. Method of evaluating highway safety improvement national cooperative highway research program 162. Transportation Research Board, Washingdon, D.C, 1975:102～117
47 Higle, J.L. and Hecht, M.B.A compareison of techniques for the identifyication of hazardous locations, Transportation Research Record 1238,1992:92～105
48 TedR. Miller etc.,Cost and Functional consequences of U.S roadway Crashes. Accidents Analysis and Prevent, 1993:45～48
49 Jagadish C. Guria, The expected loss of life quality from Traffic injuries Requiring Hospitalisation. Analysis and Prevent, 1993:90～112
46 Jadaon Ks. Kuwait accident patterms and cost evaluateon. Australian Rd Res 1986:34～37
50 Hills PJ. The cost of traffic accidents and the valuation of accident-preventon in developing countries, Highway investment in developing countries. ICE London, 1983:43～51
51 Oppe S.Development of Traffic Safety Global Trends and Incidental Fluctiuaions. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1991:66～69
52 Navin, F.,et al. Road Safety Model:Some Fundamental Ideas. In Transportation Research Record 1563, TRB, National Research Council,Washington, D.C.:120～131
53 Minter, A. LRoad Casualties. Improvement by Learning Processes. Traffic Engineering and Control,Feb, 1987:77～89