习语文化在英语教学中的渗透
摘要
随着科学技术的日益发展,跨文化交际越来越重要。本文针对学生在跨文化交际中遇到的问题,探讨习语文化如何在英语教学中进行渗透。并通过研究文化教学的目的、内容和方法来探索英语教学中解决这些问题的途径。首先,本文探讨了语言与文化,习语与语言的关系。语言是文化的一个部分,同时又是文化的载体。学习一门语言是以交际为目的的,而在任何一种语言中,习语都占有很大比例,并反映出该语言的文化色彩。习语不仅是语言的精华,而且是语言的缩影,是语言特征的集中反映。语言是人类文化中的一个特殊组成部分,习语恰恰反映出文化对语言的巨大影响,生动地反映出人类生活的方方面面。接下来,本文指出具备相应的文化知识,提高语言学习者对文化异同的敏感性,将习语文化渗透、融入到英语教学中,是帮助学生避免跨文化交际中的交际失误的有效方法。最后提出了教师如何有效地教授知识文化和交际文化。总之,我们认为,将语言与文化相结合的原则应用到外语教学研究和实践的各个层面中,不仅符合外语教学的规律与目标,也有利于充分发掘外语教学对学生文化素质培养的潜移默化作用,符合素质教育的大方向。但由于广义的文化具有几乎无所不包的涵盖面,因此我们只能“各个击破”,而习语文化不失为一个突破口。
With the development of science and technology, cross-cultural communication is getting more and more important. However, our students still find it difficult to communicate with English speakers in face of cultural differences. The present study takes upon itself to probe into the possibility of teaching English culture through familiarizing students with idiom culture. This thesis starts with the relation between language and culture and for that matter, language and idiom culture. It is reemphasized that language is at once part of culture and the carrier of culture and that the major goal of learning a language is to communicate in that language. As a culture carrier, a culture-specific language is best manifested in its idiom. As the quintessence and epitome of a language, idiom forms a major part of the culture embodied in that specific language. Out of question now is the integration of language teaching and culture teaching in our English instruction, which is in correspondence with the quality education as an educational trend upheld throughout China. Thus intercultural awareness is a must in our English teaching. Since culture in its broad sense is almost all-inclusive, this thesis adopts the strategy of "overcoming one block after another", taking English idiom as our first focus for the reasons mentioned above. Throughout our treatment of idiom culture, a comparison of English and Chinese stands out, an attempt we shall make to test its feasibility for future improvement.
With the development of science and technology, cross-cultural communication is getting more and more important. However, our students still find it difficult to communicate with English speakers in face of cultural differences. The present study takes upon itself to probe into the possibility of teaching English culture through familiarizing students with idiom culture. This thesis starts with the relation between language and culture and for that matter, language and idiom culture. It is reemphasized that language is at once part of culture and the carrier of culture and that the major goal of learning a language is to communicate in that language. As a culture carrier, a culture-specific language is best manifested in its idiom. As the quintessence and epitome of a language, idiom forms a major part of the culture embodied in that specific language. Out of question now is the integration of language teaching and culture teaching in our English instruction, which is in correspondence with the quality education as an educational trend upheld throughout China. Thus intercultural awareness is a must in our English teaching. Since culture in its broad sense is almost all-inclusive, this thesis adopts the strategy of "overcoming one block after another", taking English idiom as our first focus for the reasons mentioned above. Throughout our treatment of idiom culture, a comparison of English and Chinese stands out, an attempt we shall make to test its feasibility for future improvement.
引文
Adam Kuper. 1999 . Culture : The Anthropologists 'Account. Harvard University Press .
Brian Harrison . 2000. English as a Second and Foreign Language . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Chang Zonglin . 2003 . Comparative Studies in Language and Culture . Ocean University of China.
Claire Kramsch . 2000 . Language and Culture . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press .
Donal Carbaugh .1990 . Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact. Lawrence Eribaum Associates, Publishers.
Edward Sapir . 2001. Language : An Introduction to the Study of Speech . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Edwin Hutchins .1980 . Culture and Inference-A Trobriand Case Study. Harvard University Press.
Eli Hinkel .1999 . Culture in Second Language Teaching and Learning . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Eugene A. Nida . 2001 . Language and Culture -Contexts in Translating . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Eugene A. Nida .1991 . Language, Culture and Translation . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Fredrik Chr.Brogger .1992 . Culture, Language ,Text : Culture Studies within the Study of English as a Foreign Language. Scandinavian University Press.
Gallois, C and V. Callan. 1997.Communication and Culture: A Guide for Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Goodenough, W.H.: Cultural anthropology and linguistic, Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957.
Gudykunst, W.B. and Kim, Y.Y. 1984. Communicating with Strangers-An Approach to Intercultural Communication. New York: Random House.
Hall, E.T.,1959 The Silent Language. New York: Doubleday
H. Douglas Brown .2001. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Hymes, D,H.1972. On Communicative Competence. In Pride, J.B. and Holmes, H.eds., Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth:Penguin
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers . 2000. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Jack C. Richards . 2000. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Jack C. Richards . 2001. The Context of Language Teaching . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Jeremy Harmer .2000 . How to Teach English . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Joan Kelly Hall .2005 . Teaching and Researching Language and Culture . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Jo McDonough 、 Steven McDonough .2000 . Research Methods for English Language Teachers. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Joy M.Reid .2002 . Learning Styles in the ESL/EFL Classroom. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Keith Johnson . 2002. An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Keith Johnson and Helen Johnson .2001. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics: A Handbook for Language Teaching. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Larry A. Samovar , Richard E. Porter . 2004 . Communication Between Culture , Peking University Press.
Linda Beamer , Iris Varner .2003 . Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace . Tsinghua University Press.
Liu Shulin、 Liu Chunyan 、 Lin Yuewu . 2004. New Concept for English Language Teaching and Learning. University of Science and Technology of China Press.
Michael P. Breen and Andrew Littlejohn. 2002. Classroom Decision-Making. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press .
Noam Chomsky.2002.Knowledge of Language:Its Nature,Origin,and Use.Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Noam Chomsky.2002.New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind.Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Paul Davies、Eric Pearse.2002.Success in English Teaching.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Rod Ellis.1994.The Study of Second Language Acquisition.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Ron Scollon and Suzanne Wong Scollon.2000.Intercultural Communication:A Discourse
Approach.,Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Samovar,Larry A.2000.Communication between Cultures.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Samovar,L,& Porter,R.1995.Communication between Cultures,Belmont,CA:Wadsworth Publishing House.
Samovar,Porter and Stefani.2000.Communication between Cultures,Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Sapir,E.,1961,Culture,Language and Personality.Berkeley:University of California Press
Stephen D.Krashen.1988.Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning.Prentice Hall International(UK)Ltd.
Taylor,B.P.:Primitive Culture,New York:Brentano,1974The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(Chinese-English Edition),Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2002.
Virginia French Allen.2002.Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
白解红,2000,《性别语言文化与语用研究》。Male/Female Language,Culture and Pragmatics湖南教育出版社。
常晨光,2004,《英语习语与人际意义》。中山大学出版社。
陈俊森、樊葳葳,1999,《外国文化与跨文化交际》。华中理工大学出版社。
陈中,1999,《外语教育中的文化教学》。北京语言文化大学出版社。
戴卫平、张学忠、高鹏编著,2003,《英语说文解词---英语词汇与英语文化》邓炎昌、
刘润清,1989,《语言与文化---英汉语言文化对比》。外语教学与研究出版社。
杜瑞清、田德新、李本现,2004,《跨文化交际学选读》Selected Readings in Intercultural Communication。,西安交通大学出版社。
高一虹,1998,《语言文化差异的认识与超越》Understanding and Transcending Linguistic and Culture Differences。外语教学与研究出版社。
顾嘉伟、陆升主编,1990,《语言与文化》。上海外语教育出版社。
郭建中,2000,《文化与翻译》。中国对外翻译出版公司。
胡文仲主编,1994,《文化与交际》。外语教学与研究出版社。
胡文仲,1989,《跨文化交际与英语学习》。上海译文出版社。
胡文仲,1998,《跨文化交际学概论》。外语教学与研究出版社。
胡文仲主编,1999,《跨文化交际面面观》Aspects of Intercultural Communication-Proceedings of China's 2~(nd)Conference on Intercultural Communication。外语教学与研究出版社。
蒋磊编著,2000,《英汉习语的文化观照与对比》A Survey of Contrastive Studies of English ＆ Chinese Idioms。武汉大学出版社。
金惠康,2002,《跨文化交际翻译》。中国对外翻译出版公司。
林大津,1996,《跨文化交际研究》。福建人民出版社。
林大津、谢朝群,2005,《跨文化交际学:理论与实践》。福建人民出版社。
罗纳德·斯考伦、苏珊·王·斯考伦著,(施家炜译),1995,《跨文化交际:话语分析法》Intercultural Communication:A Discourse Approach。社会科学文献出版社。
李延林、潘利锋、郭勇主编,2003,《英语文化翻译学教程》。中南大学出版社。
刘焕辉,1986,《言语交际学》。江西教育出版社。
吕良环,2003,《外语课程与教学论》。浙江教育出版社。
平洪、张国扬,2000,《英语习语与英美文化》。外语教学与研究出版社。
束定芳,2004,《外语教学改革:问题与对策》。上海外语教育出版社。
束定芳、庄智象,1996,《现代外语教学—理论、实践与方法》。上海外语教育出版社。
宋莉主编,2004,《跨文化交际导论》Gateway to Intercultural Communication。哈尔滨工业大学出版社。
孙利民主编,2005,《语言与文化》。吉林科学技术出版社。
王得杏,1998,《英语话语分析与跨文化交际》。北京语言文化大学出版社。王才勇,2004, 《中西语境中的文化述微》。上海人民出版社。
王福祥,1998,《文化与语言》。外语教学与研究出版社。
王立非,2000,《现代外语教学论》A Survey of Modern Second Language Learning ＆ Teaching。上海教育出版社。
王蔷主编,2000,《英语学科教育理论与实践》。安徽教育出版社。English Words and Culture。大连理工大学出版社。
汪榕陪、王之江、吴晓维,2005,《英语词汇学教程读本》A Reader of English Lexicology。上海外语教育出版社。
许力生主编,2004,《跨文化交流入门》Introducing Intercultural Communication。浙江大学出版社。
姚君伟、张向阳、张伊娜主编,2002,《跨文化语境下的外语教学》。中国矿业大学出版社。
姚亚平,1990,《文化的撞击---语言交往》。吉林教育出版社。
张安德、杨元刚,2002,《英汉词语文化对比》。湖北教育出版社。
Brian Harrison . 2000. English as a Second and Foreign Language . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Chang Zonglin . 2003 . Comparative Studies in Language and Culture . Ocean University of China.
Claire Kramsch . 2000 . Language and Culture . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press .
Donal Carbaugh .1990 . Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact. Lawrence Eribaum Associates, Publishers.
Edward Sapir . 2001. Language : An Introduction to the Study of Speech . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Edwin Hutchins .1980 . Culture and Inference-A Trobriand Case Study. Harvard University Press.
Eli Hinkel .1999 . Culture in Second Language Teaching and Learning . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Eugene A. Nida . 2001 . Language and Culture -Contexts in Translating . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Eugene A. Nida .1991 . Language, Culture and Translation . Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Fredrik Chr.Brogger .1992 . Culture, Language ,Text : Culture Studies within the Study of English as a Foreign Language. Scandinavian University Press.
Gallois, C and V. Callan. 1997.Communication and Culture: A Guide for Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Goodenough, W.H.: Cultural anthropology and linguistic, Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1957.
Gudykunst, W.B. and Kim, Y.Y. 1984. Communicating with Strangers-An Approach to Intercultural Communication. New York: Random House.
Hall, E.T.,1959 The Silent Language. New York: Doubleday
H. Douglas Brown .2001. Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Hymes, D,H.1972. On Communicative Competence. In Pride, J.B. and Holmes, H.eds., Sociolinguistics. Harmondsworth:Penguin
Jack C. Richards and Theodore S. Rodgers . 2000. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Jack C. Richards . 2000. Reflective Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Jack C. Richards . 2001. The Context of Language Teaching . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Jeremy Harmer .2000 . How to Teach English . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Joan Kelly Hall .2005 . Teaching and Researching Language and Culture . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Jo McDonough 、 Steven McDonough .2000 . Research Methods for English Language Teachers. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Joy M.Reid .2002 . Learning Styles in the ESL/EFL Classroom. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Keith Johnson . 2002. An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning and Teaching . Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Keith Johnson and Helen Johnson .2001. Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Linguistics: A Handbook for Language Teaching. Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press .
Larry A. Samovar , Richard E. Porter . 2004 . Communication Between Culture , Peking University Press.
Linda Beamer , Iris Varner .2003 . Intercultural Communication in the Global Workplace . Tsinghua University Press.
Liu Shulin、 Liu Chunyan 、 Lin Yuewu . 2004. New Concept for English Language Teaching and Learning. University of Science and Technology of China Press.
Michael P. Breen and Andrew Littlejohn. 2002. Classroom Decision-Making. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press .
Noam Chomsky.2002.Knowledge of Language:Its Nature,Origin,and Use.Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Noam Chomsky.2002.New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind.Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Paul Davies、Eric Pearse.2002.Success in English Teaching.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Rod Ellis.1994.The Study of Second Language Acquisition.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Ron Scollon and Suzanne Wong Scollon.2000.Intercultural Communication:A Discourse
Approach.,Foreign Language Teaching and Researching Press.
Samovar,Larry A.2000.Communication between Cultures.Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Samovar,L,& Porter,R.1995.Communication between Cultures,Belmont,CA:Wadsworth Publishing House.
Samovar,Porter and Stefani.2000.Communication between Cultures,Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Sapir,E.,1961,Culture,Language and Personality.Berkeley:University of California Press
Stephen D.Krashen.1988.Second Language Acquisition and Second Language Learning.Prentice Hall International(UK)Ltd.
Taylor,B.P.:Primitive Culture,New York:Brentano,1974The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary(Chinese-English Edition),Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2002.
Virginia French Allen.2002.Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary.Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
白解红,2000,《性别语言文化与语用研究》。Male/Female Language,Culture and Pragmatics湖南教育出版社。
常晨光,2004,《英语习语与人际意义》。中山大学出版社。
陈俊森、樊葳葳,1999,《外国文化与跨文化交际》。华中理工大学出版社。
陈中,1999,《外语教育中的文化教学》。北京语言文化大学出版社。
戴卫平、张学忠、高鹏编著,2003,《英语说文解词---英语词汇与英语文化》邓炎昌、
刘润清,1989,《语言与文化---英汉语言文化对比》。外语教学与研究出版社。
杜瑞清、田德新、李本现,2004,《跨文化交际学选读》Selected Readings in Intercultural Communication。,西安交通大学出版社。
高一虹,1998,《语言文化差异的认识与超越》Understanding and Transcending Linguistic and Culture Differences。外语教学与研究出版社。
顾嘉伟、陆升主编,1990,《语言与文化》。上海外语教育出版社。
郭建中,2000,《文化与翻译》。中国对外翻译出版公司。
胡文仲主编,1994,《文化与交际》。外语教学与研究出版社。
胡文仲,1989,《跨文化交际与英语学习》。上海译文出版社。
胡文仲,1998,《跨文化交际学概论》。外语教学与研究出版社。
胡文仲主编,1999,《跨文化交际面面观》Aspects of Intercultural Communication-Proceedings of China's 2~(nd)Conference on Intercultural Communication。外语教学与研究出版社。
蒋磊编著,2000,《英汉习语的文化观照与对比》A Survey of Contrastive Studies of English ＆ Chinese Idioms。武汉大学出版社。
金惠康,2002,《跨文化交际翻译》。中国对外翻译出版公司。
林大津,1996,《跨文化交际研究》。福建人民出版社。
林大津、谢朝群,2005,《跨文化交际学:理论与实践》。福建人民出版社。
罗纳德·斯考伦、苏珊·王·斯考伦著,(施家炜译),1995,《跨文化交际:话语分析法》Intercultural Communication:A Discourse Approach。社会科学文献出版社。
李延林、潘利锋、郭勇主编,2003,《英语文化翻译学教程》。中南大学出版社。
刘焕辉,1986,《言语交际学》。江西教育出版社。
吕良环,2003,《外语课程与教学论》。浙江教育出版社。
平洪、张国扬,2000,《英语习语与英美文化》。外语教学与研究出版社。
束定芳,2004,《外语教学改革:问题与对策》。上海外语教育出版社。
束定芳、庄智象,1996,《现代外语教学—理论、实践与方法》。上海外语教育出版社。
宋莉主编,2004,《跨文化交际导论》Gateway to Intercultural Communication。哈尔滨工业大学出版社。
孙利民主编,2005,《语言与文化》。吉林科学技术出版社。
王得杏,1998,《英语话语分析与跨文化交际》。北京语言文化大学出版社。王才勇,2004, 《中西语境中的文化述微》。上海人民出版社。
王福祥,1998,《文化与语言》。外语教学与研究出版社。
王立非,2000,《现代外语教学论》A Survey of Modern Second Language Learning ＆ Teaching。上海教育出版社。
王蔷主编,2000,《英语学科教育理论与实践》。安徽教育出版社。English Words and Culture。大连理工大学出版社。
汪榕陪、王之江、吴晓维,2005,《英语词汇学教程读本》A Reader of English Lexicology。上海外语教育出版社。
许力生主编,2004,《跨文化交流入门》Introducing Intercultural Communication。浙江大学出版社。
姚君伟、张向阳、张伊娜主编,2002,《跨文化语境下的外语教学》。中国矿业大学出版社。
姚亚平,1990,《文化的撞击---语言交往》。吉林教育出版社。
张安德、杨元刚,2002,《英汉词语文化对比》。湖北教育出版社。