我国风电产业技术创新能力评价研究
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摘要
我国风能资源丰富,风力发电低碳、节能、环保,符合我国新能源产业发展要求,同时顺应全球经济社会可持续发展需求,因此近些年来我国风电产业呈现出爆炸式的发展。在取得成绩的同时,也看出与国外先进国家还存在很大差距。本文主要对我国风电产业技术创新能力进行评价,发现其中存在的问题并提出对策建议。
首先,在分析我国风电产业发展现状的基础上,利用龚伯兹曲线模型,得出我国风电产业发展处于产业生命周期的形成期向成长期跨越发展阶段的结论。通过对比内外资企业在中国市场份额情况,得出我国风电内资企业市场份额大幅提高,但欠缺自主研发能力,核心零部件技术多数掌握在外资企业手中。
其次,从影响风电产业技术创新的内外部因素出发,结合指标选取原则,构建出适合于我国的风电产业技术创新能力评价指标体系,并从国际和国内两个角度对我国风电产业技术创新能力进行分析。国际上利用DEA模型,通过对比全球排名前列的几个国家,得出我国风电产业技术创新能力的总效率排序情况;国内利用图表分析法,对排名前11的省市风电技术创新能力进行了分析。评价结果显示我国风电企业技术研发投入、风电产业法律建设和专利申请量方面都存在严重不足,制约我国风电产业技术创新水平。
最后,基于以上两部分研究结果,从政府和风电设备制造企业两个层面,提出提高我国风电产业技术创新能力的对策。政府要建立健全保障风电技术创新政策法规,同时完善风电产业法律政策体系,加强政策执行、监管力度;风电企业自身应提高技术研发能力,带动优秀企业境外研发投资,培育风电企业创新文化,培养创新型风电人才。
It has abundant wind energy resource in our country,wind power generation satisfy the requirement of the development about China's energy industry which has the advantage of low-carbon、energy saving、environmental protection,at the same time,comply with the sustainable development of global economic society,therefore,China's wind power industry has shown explosive growth recent years.Following with achievements,big gap also existed with the advanced countries.This paper mainly evaluate on the technology innovation ability of wind power industry in China,it has found some problems existed and put forward the countermeasures.
Firstly,based on analysising the current development of the wind power industry,it obtained the conclusion that China's wind power industry in the bridge phase which from formation phase of industry life cycle to the growing stage,using the model by Comperz curves.By comparing the situation of domestic and foreign market share in China's wind power market,it shows the share of domestic-funded Wind turbine manufacturers increased sharply,but lack of independent research and development capabilities,the majority technology of core components lies in foreign enterprise.
Secondly, it started from the internal and external factors which affect the wind power industry technological innovation,combined index selection principle,construct index system that suitable for China’s wind power industry technological innovation ability evaluation,and analyse the wind power technological innovation from international and domestic perspective.It use DEA models on international,by comparing the rank number of some countries,obtain the overall efficiency order of technology innovation situation in China’s wind power industry;it use chart analysis on domestic,and analyze the wind power technology innovation ability of the top 11 provinces and cities.The evaluation results show that wind turbine manufacturers in China have serious deficiencies,such as R&D investment、laws construction and patent applications,which restricting the level of China’s wind power industry technological innovation.
Finally,based on the above results,it has proposed the countermeasures for increasing the wind industry technological innovation ability in China from the two levels of the government and wind power equipment manufacturing enterprises.The government should establish a sound security policies and regulations that make sure the wind power technology innovation,and improve the legal and policy system,strengthen policy implementation and supervision.For Wind turbine manufacturers,it should increase their own technology research capacity in order to promote R&D investment abroad for excellent excellent,cultivate innovation culture,train innovative talents.
首先,在分析我国风电产业发展现状的基础上,利用龚伯兹曲线模型,得出我国风电产业发展处于产业生命周期的形成期向成长期跨越发展阶段的结论。通过对比内外资企业在中国市场份额情况,得出我国风电内资企业市场份额大幅提高,但欠缺自主研发能力,核心零部件技术多数掌握在外资企业手中。
其次,从影响风电产业技术创新的内外部因素出发,结合指标选取原则,构建出适合于我国的风电产业技术创新能力评价指标体系,并从国际和国内两个角度对我国风电产业技术创新能力进行分析。国际上利用DEA模型,通过对比全球排名前列的几个国家,得出我国风电产业技术创新能力的总效率排序情况;国内利用图表分析法,对排名前11的省市风电技术创新能力进行了分析。评价结果显示我国风电企业技术研发投入、风电产业法律建设和专利申请量方面都存在严重不足,制约我国风电产业技术创新水平。
最后,基于以上两部分研究结果,从政府和风电设备制造企业两个层面,提出提高我国风电产业技术创新能力的对策。政府要建立健全保障风电技术创新政策法规,同时完善风电产业法律政策体系,加强政策执行、监管力度;风电企业自身应提高技术研发能力,带动优秀企业境外研发投资,培育风电企业创新文化,培养创新型风电人才。
It has abundant wind energy resource in our country,wind power generation satisfy the requirement of the development about China's energy industry which has the advantage of low-carbon、energy saving、environmental protection,at the same time,comply with the sustainable development of global economic society,therefore,China's wind power industry has shown explosive growth recent years.Following with achievements,big gap also existed with the advanced countries.This paper mainly evaluate on the technology innovation ability of wind power industry in China,it has found some problems existed and put forward the countermeasures.
Firstly,based on analysising the current development of the wind power industry,it obtained the conclusion that China's wind power industry in the bridge phase which from formation phase of industry life cycle to the growing stage,using the model by Comperz curves.By comparing the situation of domestic and foreign market share in China's wind power market,it shows the share of domestic-funded Wind turbine manufacturers increased sharply,but lack of independent research and development capabilities,the majority technology of core components lies in foreign enterprise.
Secondly, it started from the internal and external factors which affect the wind power industry technological innovation,combined index selection principle,construct index system that suitable for China’s wind power industry technological innovation ability evaluation,and analyse the wind power technological innovation from international and domestic perspective.It use DEA models on international,by comparing the rank number of some countries,obtain the overall efficiency order of technology innovation situation in China’s wind power industry;it use chart analysis on domestic,and analyze the wind power technology innovation ability of the top 11 provinces and cities.The evaluation results show that wind turbine manufacturers in China have serious deficiencies,such as R&D investment、laws construction and patent applications,which restricting the level of China’s wind power industry technological innovation.
Finally,based on the above results,it has proposed the countermeasures for increasing the wind industry technological innovation ability in China from the two levels of the government and wind power equipment manufacturing enterprises.The government should establish a sound security policies and regulations that make sure the wind power technology innovation,and improve the legal and policy system,strengthen policy implementation and supervision.For Wind turbine manufacturers,it should increase their own technology research capacity in order to promote R&D investment abroad for excellent excellent,cultivate innovation culture,train innovative talents.
引文
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2芮晓明,康传明.对我国风电产业发展中存在问题的分析与思考.太阳能,2005,(06):17
3李俊峰等著.2008中国风电发展报告.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2008:10
4 Cunningham N.J.Industrial Innovation.Business History,1960,2(02): 97-100
5 C.Freeman.Formal Scientific and Technology Institutions in the National System of Innovation. Printer:London and New York,1992:169-171.
6 FREEMAN.C, SOETE L.The Economices of Industrial Innovation.3rd ed.The MIT Press,1997:34
7 REEMAN C.The Economics of Industrial Innovation.Harmondsworth.Penguin Books,1974:25-29
8 NELSON.R.Understanding Technical Change as an Evolutionary Process.North- Holland,1987:61-63
9 KNELLER R.Autarkic Drug Discovery in Japanese Pharmaceutical Companies: Insight into National Differences in Industrial Innovation.Research Policy, 2003,(32):1805-1827
10 MENRAD.K.Innovations in the Food Industrial Industry in Germany.Research Policy, 2004,(33):845-878
11 VERSLUIS C.Innovation on the Ice.Technovation,2005,(25):349-365
12 Hill R.Towards the Fifth-Generation Innovation Process.International Marketing Review,1994,(01):46-50
13 Barton Core.Capability and Core Rigidities:A Paradox in Managing New Product Development.Strategic Management,1992,14(09):6-8
14 Lewis.J, Wiser.R.Fostering a Renewable Energy Technology Industry:An International Comparison of Wind Industry Policy Support Mechanisms.Energy Policy,2007, (35):1844-1857
15 Buen, Jorund.Danish and Norwegian Wind Industry:The Relationship between Policy Instruments,Innovation and Diffusion.Energy Policy,2006,(12):3887-3897
16巩曜平.风力发电:各国风起云涌.中国科技投资,2008,(05):27
17 S?derholm, Patrik、Pettersson.Maria Offshore Wind Power Policies and Planning in Sweden2010.Energy Policy,2009,(23):415-418
18 S0REN KROHN, POUL -ERIK MORTHORST, SHIMONAWERBUCH.The Economics of wind Energy.EWEA,2009:1-3
19 EWEA.Wind Energy Statistics.The European Wind Energy Association,2009:1-8
20 Dismukes, John P、Miller, Lawrence K、Jagani, Sandeep、Bers, John A.Wind Energy Electrical Power Generation: Industrial Life Cycle of a Radical Innovation Portland. International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology, 2007:773-785
21 Japannoue, Yoshinori, Miyazaki, Kumiko.Technological Innovation and Diffusion of Wind Power in Japan.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,2008, (10):1303-1323
22 K.Usha Rao, V.V.N., Kishore.Wind Power Technology Diffusion Analysis in Selected States of India.Renewable Energy,2009,(04):983-988
23 Berry, David.Innovation and the Price of Wind Energy in the US Energy Policy, 2009,(11):4493-4499
24张治河,谢忠泉,周国华,张传波.产业创新的理论综述与发展趋势.技术经济,2008,(01):35
25严潮斌.产业创新提升产业竞争力的战略选择.北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版),1999,(3):6-10
26张耀辉.产业创新新经济下的产业升级模式.数量经济技术经济研究,2002,(1):14-17,74
27张耀辉.产业创新的理论探索—高新产业发展规律研究.北京:中国计划出版社,2002:2
28张治河.“武汉·中国光谷”产业创新系统研究.中国地质大学学报,2003:12
29管顺丰,胡树华,石永军.产业创新原理及管理原则.企业改革与管理,2004,(6):16
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