集成设计理论及信息建模的研究
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摘要
随着现代科学技术的发展与市场竞争的日益激烈,产品的技术含量和复杂程度不断增加,用户越来越追求产品的广义质量,而产品的广义质量取决于产品的设计。概念设计是产品设计过程中最具有创造性的阶段,其作用至关重要,产品概念设计方案的质量决定了产品最终价值的80%以上。为了取得满意的产品概念设计方案,国内外学者提出了许多设计理论与方法,如何在产品设计过程中进行选择和运用,实现不同设计方法的有机组合,一直是研究的热点。为提高产品的设计效率,实现设计自动化成为人们追求的目标之一。在设计过程中要保证不同的设计系统、企业和部门之间产品数据的交换,必须建立产品信息模型,以实现产品全生命周期各种信息的共享。
     本文主要研究内容包括:
     1.研究现代设计理论和方法,分析系统化设计、公理设计和TRIZ理论的研究现状和设计模型,归纳三种理论基于功能的推理模型。
     2.通过对系统化设计理论、公理设计理论和TRIZ理论深入研究,提出集三种设计理论有机结合的集成概念设计模型。该模型利用系统化设计理论确定产品初始概念设计方案,应用公理设计理论的独立公理进行功能分解,利用TRIZ理论解决耦合问题,得到创新概念最优设计方案。
     3.提出基于功能优化设计的FTMC推理模型,形式化描述其推理过程。将功能层的基体功能映射到转换层相应的变体功能,再映射到机构层相应的机构,解决功构映射过程,得到满足功能的产品方案。
     4.提出集成设计过程模型,利用概念设计目标指导详细设计,详细设计细化概念设计的产品结构,并确定参数。建立概念设计到详细设计的映射模型,采用图形和矩阵形式描述详细设计阶段的功能、特征及功能-特征关系,为计算机语言描述提供基础。
     5.分析产品信息建模的研究成果,建立基于STEP的通用产品设计过程信息模型。该模型采用EXPRESS语言描述产品概念设计和详细设计过程。
     6.运用所构建的集成设计过程模型对免耕播种机进行设计,制作原理性模型,完成试验研究,结果表明该方案具有良好的破茬和播种性能,满足用户的潜在需求,验证所构建的产品集成设计过程模型的合理性及可行性。
With the development of modern science technology and fierce competition ofmarket, product technical content and complexity is increasing unceasingly. More andmore users begin to pursue the generalized quality of product. However, the generalizedquality of product is decided by design of product. Conceptual design is the most creativestage of product design. Its action is crucial. More than80%value of product is determinedby the quality of product conceptual design plan. Domestic and foreign scholars have madea lot of design theories and methods for obtaining satisfactory conceptual design plan ofproduct. How to choose and use in the process of product design and achieve the organiccombination of different design methods has been the focus of research. Design automationhas been one of the goals that people pursue for improving the efficiency of product design.The universal information model of product must be built for realizing the informationsharing of product life cycle in the design process to assure data’s exchange of differentdesign systems,enterprises and departments.
     The main research contents of this paper include:
     1. Modern design theory and method are studied. Research status and design model ofsystematized design, axiomatic design and TRIZ theory are analysed.Reasoning model baseon function of the three theories is concludes.
     2. Through in-depth study on systematized design theory, axiomatic design and TRIZtheory, this paper put forward the conceptual design model of the three theories that areorganic combined. In this model, the initial design concept plan of product is presentedthrough applying systematic design theory. Functional decomposition is accomplishedthrough applying axiomatic design. Coupling problem is solved through applying TRIZtheory. Last, it gets the optimal design scheme of innovation concept.
     3. FTMC(Function-Transform-Mechanism-Concept) reasoning model is put forwardbase on functional optimization design.The process of inference is descripted formally.Matrix function of functional layer is mapped to variant function of conversion layer andthen to the corresponding mechanism of mechanism layer. The product scheme meeting thefunction is got by solving the process of function-structure mapping.
     4. Integrated design procress model is built. Detail design is guided by conceptualdesign object. Detail design renders the product structure of conceptual design anddetermines parameters. Mapping model is built from conceptual design to detail design.The relation of function,character and function-character is described by figure and matrixform, which can provide the basis for describing by computer language.
     5. Product information model is intensive researched in design process. A universal product information model base on STEP is put forward by analyzing the research ofproduct information modeling. Conceptual design and detailed design process of product isdescribed by EXPRESS language.
     6. No-tillage planter is designed applying integrated design process model,making theprinciple model and finishing test research. The results show that the scheme has goodstubble plough and sowing performance to meet the potential demand of users. Therationality and feasibility of the product integrated design process model is verified.
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