定制产品进化设计原理与方法研究
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摘要
定制生产模式已经成为企业提升竞争力的重要战略,进化设计是实现智能设计、提高设计效率、缩短产品研发周期的有效方法。本文借鉴生物进化思想,系统阐述了定制产品进化设计的原理和方法,对涉及的关键技术进行了深入研究,并将提出的理论和方法应用于桥式起重机产品的进化设计平台中。主要包括以下几个方面的研究工作:
     建立了定制产品进化设计基本原理,包括提出产品种群、产品进化机制、进化操作、进化路径、适应度评价等基本概念,定制产品进化设计总体进程,以及产品基因建模技术、初始种群建立策略、产品进化机制构建、适应函数构造等关键技术。
     实现了基于基因表达的产品信息建模,将产品基因分为定制基因、功能基因、结构基因、原理基因和成长基因,提出了产品基因树的概念,并对基因表达、基因编码、基因存储、基因提取等关键技术进行了研究,重点阐述了基于线索二叉树的基因存储策略和基于定制基因组的客户需求表达方法。
     提出了基于产品基因组相似评价的初始种群建立策略:相似度阈值法和模糊聚类分组法,分别使用加权欧氏距离和夹角余弦相关系数来衡量产品种群中以往历史实例与新定制产品间的相似度;针对评价参数权重问题,提出了经验规则约束下的数学赋权法。
     构建了面向快速求解的单子群蜜蜂型进化机制(SPBEM)和面向全局寻优的多子群蜜蜂型进化机制(MPBEM);提出了串行选择、并行选择、离散交叉、连续交叉、部分变异和完全变异的概念,建立了蜜蜂进化型串并行选择算子、基于产品基因树的交叉算子以及基于约束有向图的变异算子,通过实例验证了两种进化机制的有效性。
     探讨了基于评价基元的定制产品进化适应函数构造方法,从客户、设计师、企业三者对产品关注的不同角度,建立适合定制产品适应度评价的指标体系,构造了功能性、结构性评价基元的适应函数,实现了基于成本估算的经济性评价适应函数建模。
     最后,初步开发了面向服务架构的桥式起重机产品进化设计平台,主要包括桥式起重机基因库管理、产品进化系统以及产品适应度评价等模块,验证了上述理论和方法的可行性和有效性。
Customization has been identified as a competitive strategy by an increasing number ofcompanies. Evolutionary design was one of effective approach to improve product quality andshorten developing cycle.This paper introduced an evolutionary design theory for customiza-tion product by utilizing biological evolution theory. Several key techniques involved wereinvestigated. Also, a support platform of product evolutionary design for crane was developed.Detailed contents were described in the following paragraphes.
     First,the principle and method of evolutionary design for customization product waspresented including several basic definitions,such as product genes,product population,product evolution mechanisms, evolution operator, evolution track and fitness evaluation.Several key techniques,such as product genes modeling, the selection strategies of initialpopulation, product evolution mechanisms and fitness evaluation method, were studied.
     Second, a product information model based on gene expression was established. Severaldefinitions including customization genes, function genes, structural genes, rule genes andgrowth genes were defined. The methods of how to Express, how to encoder, how to save andhow to search the product genes were researched.The storage strategy of product genes basedon threaded binary and the expression method of customer requirements base on customiza-tion genes were discussed.
     Third, two selection strategies of initial population based on the similarity evaluation ofproduct genome,the similarity threshold and fuzzy clustering grouping method,using theweighted Euclidean distance and the cosine correlation coefficient to measure the similaritybetween historical cases and the new customized product. A mathematical weighting methodunder the constraint of the rule of thumb were also proposed.
     Fourth, two product evolution mechanisms named SPBEM and MPBEM were presented. Several conception,such as serial selection,parallel selection,discrete crossover,continuouscrossover,partly mutation and complete mutation,were definited. Bee selection operator,crossover operator based on product genes tree,mutation operator based constraint directedgraph were established to solve the problem of mechanical customized product evolutiontrack planning.
     Fifth, the fitness function construction method base on estimated element was studied.Fitness evaluation index system of customization product was established considering cus-tomers, designers and corporate. The estimated element fitness function of functional andstructurcdness were discussed,and the cost fitness function based on based on cost estimateswas proposed.
     Finally, a support platform of product evolutionary design for crane was developed anddemonstrated the feasibility and the effectiveness of the customization product evolution the-ory.
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