机电产品绿色设计若干关键技术的研究
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摘要
绿色设计作为制造业可持续发展的关键技术，已经成为人们的共识。但由于缺乏系统性的理论方法及其工具的支持，绿色设计的作用还未能充分发挥出来，这已经成为实施和应用绿色设计和绿色制造的瓶颈环节。
本文在综合国内外相关研究，尤其是在产品生命周期分析评价技术和产品拆卸回收技术的基础上，对基于产品系统生命周期分析技术的绿色设计的理论、方法及其若干关键技术进行了重点研究。
主要研究工作包括以下几个方面：
1） 探讨了绿色设计的地位、作用及其与并行工程等现代设计理论方法的相互关系，指出了绿色设计在产品系统生命周期管理中的重要作用，基于产品系统的生命周期概念，提出了产品系统绿色设计的基本方法框架；
2） 针对当前研究的不足，提出了一个绿色设计集成设计平台的概念和原型，并详细讨论了其关键技术、体系结构及其在设计过程中的应用方法；探讨了绿色设计产品系统集成模型的作用及其多视图建模方法；
3） 研究剖析了产品拆卸回收分析建模的国内外现状，提出了分层复合有向图分析模型，该模型利用图论知识，基于约束和分层概念，能够方便的进行产品拆卸回收分析建模，得到优化的产品拆卸顺序和拆卸深度；
4） 分析研究了当前产品系统生命周期分析方法的现状，提出了基于AHP方法的产品生命周期环境影响评价体系，克服了一般LCA方法在绿色设计应用过程中暴露出的可定制性差、缺乏柔性、与设计过程脱节的不足，可以有效地解决关键性的绿色设计环境影响评估问题；
5） 作为以上各项研究成果的应用，开发实现了模块化的产品拆卸回收分析工具和产品系统生命周期环境影响评估系统，并将两者有机融合在面向绿色设计的平台支持工具GDO－LCA系统中，进行了应用验证。
It is well known that Green Design is the key technology to sustainable development of manufacturing industry. However, its advantage has not been utilized fully because of lack of systematic theory, methodology and tools, which is the bottleneck of implementing and utilizing Green Design and Manufacturing technology.
The dissertation researches on the Green Design theory, methodology and its key technology in detail, based on the product Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technology and Design for Disassembly/Recycling (DFD/R) technology.
The main efforts and contribution of this dissertation are as following:
1) A framework of product system green design methodology is proposed based on product system life cycle concept. The position, utilization and relationship between Green Design and temporary design theory and methodology are discussed; then, the important meaning of Green Design to Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) is analyzed.
2) A green design integrated design platform concept and prototype is proposed aiming at the shortcoming of temporary researches. Its key technology, systematic infrastructure and utilization in design process are discussed in detail; Green Design oriented product system integrated model is built also.
3) A Multi-tier Composite Directed Graph Disassembly/Recycling Analysis Model is proposed. Researches on the models of Design for Disassembly/ Recycling are also reviewed rather perfectly; based on Graph Theory, constraint and assembly topology concept, the model in the dissertation can be used simply and conveniently to analyze product disassembly/recycling problem and optimal product disassembly sequence and depth can be got easily in contrast to other methods.
4) A product life cycle impact assessment system structure is proposed based on the AHP Methodology (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The assessment model can be built flexibly and customized according to the intent of designer and local environment.
5) As the application and validation of the models proposed above, a Green Design oriented design support platform tool is developed. The Green Design Oriented Life Cycle Assessment (GDO-LCA) system combined seamlessly modularized product disassembly/recycling analysis tool and product system environment impact assessment system.
本文在综合国内外相关研究，尤其是在产品生命周期分析评价技术和产品拆卸回收技术的基础上，对基于产品系统生命周期分析技术的绿色设计的理论、方法及其若干关键技术进行了重点研究。
主要研究工作包括以下几个方面：
1） 探讨了绿色设计的地位、作用及其与并行工程等现代设计理论方法的相互关系，指出了绿色设计在产品系统生命周期管理中的重要作用，基于产品系统的生命周期概念，提出了产品系统绿色设计的基本方法框架；
2） 针对当前研究的不足，提出了一个绿色设计集成设计平台的概念和原型，并详细讨论了其关键技术、体系结构及其在设计过程中的应用方法；探讨了绿色设计产品系统集成模型的作用及其多视图建模方法；
3） 研究剖析了产品拆卸回收分析建模的国内外现状，提出了分层复合有向图分析模型，该模型利用图论知识，基于约束和分层概念，能够方便的进行产品拆卸回收分析建模，得到优化的产品拆卸顺序和拆卸深度；
4） 分析研究了当前产品系统生命周期分析方法的现状，提出了基于AHP方法的产品生命周期环境影响评价体系，克服了一般LCA方法在绿色设计应用过程中暴露出的可定制性差、缺乏柔性、与设计过程脱节的不足，可以有效地解决关键性的绿色设计环境影响评估问题；
5） 作为以上各项研究成果的应用，开发实现了模块化的产品拆卸回收分析工具和产品系统生命周期环境影响评估系统，并将两者有机融合在面向绿色设计的平台支持工具GDO－LCA系统中，进行了应用验证。
It is well known that Green Design is the key technology to sustainable development of manufacturing industry. However, its advantage has not been utilized fully because of lack of systematic theory, methodology and tools, which is the bottleneck of implementing and utilizing Green Design and Manufacturing technology.
The dissertation researches on the Green Design theory, methodology and its key technology in detail, based on the product Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) technology and Design for Disassembly/Recycling (DFD/R) technology.
The main efforts and contribution of this dissertation are as following:
1) A framework of product system green design methodology is proposed based on product system life cycle concept. The position, utilization and relationship between Green Design and temporary design theory and methodology are discussed; then, the important meaning of Green Design to Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) is analyzed.
2) A green design integrated design platform concept and prototype is proposed aiming at the shortcoming of temporary researches. Its key technology, systematic infrastructure and utilization in design process are discussed in detail; Green Design oriented product system integrated model is built also.
3) A Multi-tier Composite Directed Graph Disassembly/Recycling Analysis Model is proposed. Researches on the models of Design for Disassembly/ Recycling are also reviewed rather perfectly; based on Graph Theory, constraint and assembly topology concept, the model in the dissertation can be used simply and conveniently to analyze product disassembly/recycling problem and optimal product disassembly sequence and depth can be got easily in contrast to other methods.
4) A product life cycle impact assessment system structure is proposed based on the AHP Methodology (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The assessment model can be built flexibly and customized according to the intent of designer and local environment.
5) As the application and validation of the models proposed above, a Green Design oriented design support platform tool is developed. The Green Design Oriented Life Cycle Assessment (GDO-LCA) system combined seamlessly modularized product disassembly/recycling analysis tool and product system environment impact assessment system.
引文
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