电动工具绿色设计技术的研究
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摘要
绿色设计(Green Design)也称生态设计(Ecological Design)、环境设计(Design for Environment)、环境意识设计(Environment Conscious Design),即在产品整个生命周期内,着重考虑产品环境属性(可拆卸性,可回收性、可维护性、可重复利用性等)并将其作为设计目标,在满足环境目标要求的同时,保证产品应有的功能、使用寿命、质量等要求。绿色设计的原则被公认为“3R”的原则,即Reduce, Reuse, Recycle,减少环境污染、减小能源消耗,产品和零部件的回收再生循环或者重新利用。
近十年来,电动工具逐渐从传统的以专业用户为主发展到今天以家庭DIY用户为主,其需求量随之呈现了井喷式的增长。电动工具的广泛应用,使其对环境的影响日益显著。电动工具对环境的影响主要表现在操作者伤害、各种废弃物、资源消耗、电磁干扰等方面。为此,本文针对电动工具所造成的上述环境影响,着重从产品的人体工程学设计、绿色材料选择和评价、可拆卸性设计、电磁兼容设计等方面入手,阐述电动工具绿色设计方法和技术,使电动工具产品除了满足既定的使用功能外,还具有良好的环境属性,更加环保和人性化。
本文通过对电动工具绿色设计方法和技术的研究,为电动工具设计人员的设计工作提供了参考和依据,从设计源头上为绿色电动工具产品鸣锣开道,为保护和净化人类赖以生存的环境做出一份贡献。
Green Design is also called Ecological Design, Design for Environment, and Evironment Conscious Design. In the whole life cycle of a product, Green Design focuses on environment properties of a product (ex. Disassembility, Recyclability, Maintainability, Reusability, etc), and take them as design objectives to satisfy environmental requirements and insure expected function, life and quality, etc. The principle of Green Design is known as‘3R’– Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. It includes reducing environment pollution, decreasing energy consumption, resuing and reclying scrap products and components.
In recent ten years, power tools’key user group changed from professional users to home DIY users, and demand of power tools increased with a tremendous speed. The wide use of power tools is causing more and more bad influences to envioroment. The influences are including bad effect to user healthy, lots of wastes, large consumption of resource, electromagnetical interference, etc. For these reasons, this thesis is to reaserch methodology and technique of power tool green design from several aspects including ergonomics design, green material selection and evaluation, disassembility design, electomagnetical compatibility design. The aim of this research is to try to improve traditional power tool design methodology and technique so that power tool products can be designed not only to satisfy user’s expectation for tool’s function and performance but also to have good envioronmental properties– be friendlier to environment.
Through the research works for methodology and technique of power tool green design, this thesis is expected to providde strong support and reference to power tool designers. I hope this thesis can contribute some to protection and purification of the evioronment that we human beings reply on for living.
近十年来,电动工具逐渐从传统的以专业用户为主发展到今天以家庭DIY用户为主,其需求量随之呈现了井喷式的增长。电动工具的广泛应用,使其对环境的影响日益显著。电动工具对环境的影响主要表现在操作者伤害、各种废弃物、资源消耗、电磁干扰等方面。为此,本文针对电动工具所造成的上述环境影响,着重从产品的人体工程学设计、绿色材料选择和评价、可拆卸性设计、电磁兼容设计等方面入手,阐述电动工具绿色设计方法和技术,使电动工具产品除了满足既定的使用功能外,还具有良好的环境属性,更加环保和人性化。
本文通过对电动工具绿色设计方法和技术的研究,为电动工具设计人员的设计工作提供了参考和依据,从设计源头上为绿色电动工具产品鸣锣开道,为保护和净化人类赖以生存的环境做出一份贡献。
Green Design is also called Ecological Design, Design for Environment, and Evironment Conscious Design. In the whole life cycle of a product, Green Design focuses on environment properties of a product (ex. Disassembility, Recyclability, Maintainability, Reusability, etc), and take them as design objectives to satisfy environmental requirements and insure expected function, life and quality, etc. The principle of Green Design is known as‘3R’– Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. It includes reducing environment pollution, decreasing energy consumption, resuing and reclying scrap products and components.
In recent ten years, power tools’key user group changed from professional users to home DIY users, and demand of power tools increased with a tremendous speed. The wide use of power tools is causing more and more bad influences to envioroment. The influences are including bad effect to user healthy, lots of wastes, large consumption of resource, electromagnetical interference, etc. For these reasons, this thesis is to reaserch methodology and technique of power tool green design from several aspects including ergonomics design, green material selection and evaluation, disassembility design, electomagnetical compatibility design. The aim of this research is to try to improve traditional power tool design methodology and technique so that power tool products can be designed not only to satisfy user’s expectation for tool’s function and performance but also to have good envioronmental properties– be friendlier to environment.
Through the research works for methodology and technique of power tool green design, this thesis is expected to providde strong support and reference to power tool designers. I hope this thesis can contribute some to protection and purification of the evioronment that we human beings reply on for living.
引文
[1]陆顺平,秦泳元.电动工具发展概况和趋势[J].电动工具,2005,(3):2-6
[2]人民网.“绿色贸易壁垒”的出现[OL]. http://env.people.com.cn/GB/41909/42116/3431508.html
[3]曹华军,陈晓慧,刘飞.产品生命周期评估的体系结构及其与绿色制造的集成关系[J].航空工程与研究,2000,(6):10-12
[4]汪劲松,段广洪,李方义等.基于产品全生命周期的绿色制造技术的研究与展望[J].计算机集成制造系统,1999,4(5):1-8
[5]芮延年,刘文杰.绿色产品的LCA评价方法及其应用[J].苏州丝绸工学院学报,2001,21(3):56-58
[6]刘志峰,刘光复.绿色设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[7]刘光复,刘学萍,刘志峰.绿色设计的体系结构及实施策略[J].中国机械工程,2000(9):965-968
[8]胡军军.机电产品生命周期设计理论和方法的研究:研究方法、产品模型、回收理论及应用[D].武汉:华中李工大学,1999
[9] Yasuo Kondo, et al. A Design for Recycling Technique for Optimizing Resource Circulation Characteristics of Products. Proceedings Second International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, 2001: 366-371
[10] Navin Chandra D. Design for Environmentability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991: 119-125
[11]倪俊芳.面向回收的产品设计[D].上海:上海交通大学,1998
[12]王淑旺.基于回收元的回收设计方法研究[D]合肥:合肥工业大学,2004
[13] Anoop Desai, et al. Evaluation of disassemblability to enable design for disassembly in mass production. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2003, 32 (4): 265-281
[14] Johnson M.R., et al. Planning Product Disassembly for Material Recovery Opportunities. International Journal of Production Research, 1995, 33 (11): 3119-3142
[15]潘晓勇.三维环境下产品拆卸分析及关键技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003
[16] Hong C. Zhang, Tsai C. Kuo. A Graph-Based Approach to Disassembly Model for End-of-Life Product Recycling. Proceedings of the IEEE/CPMT International Electronic Manufacturing Technology (IEMT) Symposium, 1996: 247-254
[17] Robert Bogue. Design for disassembly: a critical twenty-first century discipline. Assembly Automation, 2007, 27 (4): 285-289
[18] Hak-Soo Mok, et al. Design for environment-friendly product. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006: 99-1003
[19] Niall Murtagh, et al. An Evaluation Tool for Eco-design of Electrical Products. Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, 1999: 766-770
[20] W.F. Hoffman III, Angela Locascio. Design for Environment Development at Motorala. Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 1997: 210-214
[21]刘志峰,许永年,刘学平,刘光复.绿色产品评价方法的研究[J].中国机械工程, 2000,(9):968-971
[22] Joyce Copper, Jim Fava. The life cycle assessment practitioners survey: Assessment methods for evolutionary and revolutionary electronic products. IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006: 1-5
[23] Octavio Juarez Espinosa, et al. A Software Tool for Economic Input-Output Life-cycle Assessment. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997: 215-222
[24] Leo. Alting, Jorgen Jorgenson. The Life Cycle Concept as a Basis for Sustainable Production. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 1993, 42 (1): 163-167
[25]林巨广,刘志峰,刘学平等.基于准则的绿色设计方法研究[J].机械设计,2001,(9):968-971
[26]刘志峰.绿色产品综合评价及模糊物元分析方法研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学, 2004
[27]李华,田质胜,范波涛.绿色产品设计的灰色模糊评价模型[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2003,33(3):271-274
[28]王跃进.绿色产品模糊综合评价数学模型的比较[J].北京建筑工程学元学报,2000,16(4):1-4
[29]江吉彬.绿色机电产品集成化开发系统建模技术与应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003
[30]中国标准化与信息分类编码研究所. GB1000-88中国成年人人体尺寸标准[S]
[31]中国标准化与信息分类编码研究所. GB/T 16252-1996成年人手部号型[S]
[32]朱强,秦永元.电动工具与人体工程学设计[J].电动工具,2005,(2)
[33]蒋祖华,赖朝安,王东勃等.人因工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2011
[34]李守泽,李晓松,余建军.绿色材料研究综述[J].中国制造也信息化,2010,39(11):1-5
[35]百度文库. RoHS指令中文版[OL]. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/0e2dc883d4d8d15abe234e37.html
[36]百度文库. RoHS指令2005-618-EC [OL]. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/074e60eef8c75fbfc77db257.html
[37]陈全明.金属材料及其强化技术[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1992
[38]王文广.塑料材料的选用[M].北京:科学出版社,1990
[39]刘志峰,刘光复.绿色设计[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[40]王章忠.材料选用与可持续发展[J].机械设计与制造工程,2001,(5):9-10
[41]宋守许,刘志峰,刘光复.绿色产品设计中材料选择[J].机械科学与技术,1996,(1):40-41
[42]张红岩,郭志源.环境意识在产品设计选材中的体现与应用[J].机械研究与应用,15(2):74-76
[43]傅浩,蔡建国.具有环境意识的材料选择[J].机械设计与研究,2000,(3):18-21
[44]芮延年.现代设计方法及其应用[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,2005
[45]楼锡银.基于绿色机电产品技术的材料选择与评价[J].机械制造,2009,(8):74-76
[46]邹茜茜.面向回收的绿色机电产品可拆卸性设计研究[J].林业机械和木工设备,2007,(6):36-38
[47]百度文库. WEEE指令全文[OL].http://wenku.baidu.com/view/54db5ceb998fcc22bcd10dff.html
[48]江慧,徐燕申,谢燕.机械产品模块划分方法的研究[J].制造技术与机床,1999,(3):7-9
[49]杜陶钧,黄鸿.模块化设计中模块划分的分级层次特性的探讨[J].机电产品开发与创新,2003,(2):50-53
[50]潘双夏,高飞,冯培恩.批量客户化生产模式下的模块划分方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2003,(7):1-6
[51]刘志峰.绿色设计方法、技术及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008
[52]林福昌,李化.电磁兼容原理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[53] MBA智库百科. EMC认证[OL]. http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/电磁兼容性认证#_ref-.E7.94.B5.E7.A3.81.E5.85.BC.E5.AE.B9.E6.80.A7_2
[54] GB 4343.1-2009家用电器、电动工具和类似器具的电磁兼容要求第1部分:发射[S].
[55] GB4343.2-2009家用电器、电动工具和类似器具的电磁兼容要求第2部分:抗扰度[S].
[56] GB17625.1-2003电磁兼容限值谐波电流发射值(设备每相输入电流≤16A) [S].
[57]汪镇国.单相串激电动机的原理设计制造[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1991
[2]人民网.“绿色贸易壁垒”的出现[OL]. http://env.people.com.cn/GB/41909/42116/3431508.html
[3]曹华军,陈晓慧,刘飞.产品生命周期评估的体系结构及其与绿色制造的集成关系[J].航空工程与研究,2000,(6):10-12
[4]汪劲松,段广洪,李方义等.基于产品全生命周期的绿色制造技术的研究与展望[J].计算机集成制造系统,1999,4(5):1-8
[5]芮延年,刘文杰.绿色产品的LCA评价方法及其应用[J].苏州丝绸工学院学报,2001,21(3):56-58
[6]刘志峰,刘光复.绿色设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[7]刘光复,刘学萍,刘志峰.绿色设计的体系结构及实施策略[J].中国机械工程,2000(9):965-968
[8]胡军军.机电产品生命周期设计理论和方法的研究:研究方法、产品模型、回收理论及应用[D].武汉:华中李工大学,1999
[9] Yasuo Kondo, et al. A Design for Recycling Technique for Optimizing Resource Circulation Characteristics of Products. Proceedings Second International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, 2001: 366-371
[10] Navin Chandra D. Design for Environmentability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991: 119-125
[11]倪俊芳.面向回收的产品设计[D].上海:上海交通大学,1998
[12]王淑旺.基于回收元的回收设计方法研究[D]合肥:合肥工业大学,2004
[13] Anoop Desai, et al. Evaluation of disassemblability to enable design for disassembly in mass production. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 2003, 32 (4): 265-281
[14] Johnson M.R., et al. Planning Product Disassembly for Material Recovery Opportunities. International Journal of Production Research, 1995, 33 (11): 3119-3142
[15]潘晓勇.三维环境下产品拆卸分析及关键技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003
[16] Hong C. Zhang, Tsai C. Kuo. A Graph-Based Approach to Disassembly Model for End-of-Life Product Recycling. Proceedings of the IEEE/CPMT International Electronic Manufacturing Technology (IEMT) Symposium, 1996: 247-254
[17] Robert Bogue. Design for disassembly: a critical twenty-first century discipline. Assembly Automation, 2007, 27 (4): 285-289
[18] Hak-Soo Mok, et al. Design for environment-friendly product. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006: 99-1003
[19] Niall Murtagh, et al. An Evaluation Tool for Eco-design of Electrical Products. Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing, 1999: 766-770
[20] W.F. Hoffman III, Angela Locascio. Design for Environment Development at Motorala. Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 1997: 210-214
[21]刘志峰,许永年,刘学平,刘光复.绿色产品评价方法的研究[J].中国机械工程, 2000,(9):968-971
[22] Joyce Copper, Jim Fava. The life cycle assessment practitioners survey: Assessment methods for evolutionary and revolutionary electronic products. IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, 2006: 1-5
[23] Octavio Juarez Espinosa, et al. A Software Tool for Economic Input-Output Life-cycle Assessment. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997: 215-222
[24] Leo. Alting, Jorgen Jorgenson. The Life Cycle Concept as a Basis for Sustainable Production. CIRP Annals - Manufacturing Technology, 1993, 42 (1): 163-167
[25]林巨广,刘志峰,刘学平等.基于准则的绿色设计方法研究[J].机械设计,2001,(9):968-971
[26]刘志峰.绿色产品综合评价及模糊物元分析方法研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学, 2004
[27]李华,田质胜,范波涛.绿色产品设计的灰色模糊评价模型[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2003,33(3):271-274
[28]王跃进.绿色产品模糊综合评价数学模型的比较[J].北京建筑工程学元学报,2000,16(4):1-4
[29]江吉彬.绿色机电产品集成化开发系统建模技术与应用研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003
[30]中国标准化与信息分类编码研究所. GB1000-88中国成年人人体尺寸标准[S]
[31]中国标准化与信息分类编码研究所. GB/T 16252-1996成年人手部号型[S]
[32]朱强,秦永元.电动工具与人体工程学设计[J].电动工具,2005,(2)
[33]蒋祖华,赖朝安,王东勃等.人因工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2011
[34]李守泽,李晓松,余建军.绿色材料研究综述[J].中国制造也信息化,2010,39(11):1-5
[35]百度文库. RoHS指令中文版[OL]. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/0e2dc883d4d8d15abe234e37.html
[36]百度文库. RoHS指令2005-618-EC [OL]. http://wenku.baidu.com/view/074e60eef8c75fbfc77db257.html
[37]陈全明.金属材料及其强化技术[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1992
[38]王文广.塑料材料的选用[M].北京:科学出版社,1990
[39]刘志峰,刘光复.绿色设计[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[40]王章忠.材料选用与可持续发展[J].机械设计与制造工程,2001,(5):9-10
[41]宋守许,刘志峰,刘光复.绿色产品设计中材料选择[J].机械科学与技术,1996,(1):40-41
[42]张红岩,郭志源.环境意识在产品设计选材中的体现与应用[J].机械研究与应用,15(2):74-76
[43]傅浩,蔡建国.具有环境意识的材料选择[J].机械设计与研究,2000,(3):18-21
[44]芮延年.现代设计方法及其应用[M].苏州:苏州大学出版社,2005
[45]楼锡银.基于绿色机电产品技术的材料选择与评价[J].机械制造,2009,(8):74-76
[46]邹茜茜.面向回收的绿色机电产品可拆卸性设计研究[J].林业机械和木工设备,2007,(6):36-38
[47]百度文库. WEEE指令全文[OL].http://wenku.baidu.com/view/54db5ceb998fcc22bcd10dff.html
[48]江慧,徐燕申,谢燕.机械产品模块划分方法的研究[J].制造技术与机床,1999,(3):7-9
[49]杜陶钧,黄鸿.模块化设计中模块划分的分级层次特性的探讨[J].机电产品开发与创新,2003,(2):50-53
[50]潘双夏,高飞,冯培恩.批量客户化生产模式下的模块划分方法研究[J].机械工程学报,2003,(7):1-6
[51]刘志峰.绿色设计方法、技术及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2008
[52]林福昌,李化.电磁兼容原理及应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[53] MBA智库百科. EMC认证[OL]. http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/电磁兼容性认证#_ref-.E7.94.B5.E7.A3.81.E5.85.BC.E5.AE.B9.E6.80.A7_2
[54] GB 4343.1-2009家用电器、电动工具和类似器具的电磁兼容要求第1部分:发射[S].
[55] GB4343.2-2009家用电器、电动工具和类似器具的电磁兼容要求第2部分:抗扰度[S].
[56] GB17625.1-2003电磁兼容限值谐波电流发射值(设备每相输入电流≤16A) [S].
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