珠三角地区制造业产业结构优化问题研究
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摘要
自产业结构理论在二十世纪三四十年代形成以来,许多经济学家就投入到这一领域的研究,推动了产业结构理论的发展。在理论形成阶段,经济学家的研究从最初的实证研究转向了理论研究,而在理论发展阶段,产业结构理论在各个层面拓展开来,对产业结构的调整提供了从理论到实践的依据。
随着世界性金融危机的爆发,世界经济走入衰退,无论是美国还是欧洲,都受到危机带来的冲击,这不仅表现在经济上,也表现在一系列社会问题上。中国珠江三角洲地区的制造业在此次危机中也遭遇了巨大打击,在产业结构问题上的体现尤为突出。珠三角的制造业以外源经济为主,产品多数处在产业链的低端,属于劳动密集型生产,以代工和贴牌生产为主,有些产品颇具世界工厂的特色,缺乏自主创新的技术和核心竞争力,高科技产品的技术往往掌握在发达国家手中。在此背景下,珠三角地区制造业要实现可持续发展,就要实现从低到高的产业内升级,这就要用技术创新提高产品的地位,实现从低附加值到高附加值的转化,从而实现产业升级；另一方面,珠三角地区制造业的产业结构还要实现产业间合理转移。
本文基于这种背景下展开了研究,对金融危机之后产业结构的优化升级具有一定的现实意义。在危机中受到严重冲击的制造业,尤其是以珠三角为代表的制造业的发展备受关注,因此如何促进珠三角地区制造业产业结构的优化发展,进而促进中国制造业的发展,是目前中国经济发展中非常重要的问题。
本文以产业结构理论为基础,从珠三角的产业结构出发展开论述,并试图找到珠三角地区制造业产业结构合理化和高度化发展的路径。论文的第一部分探讨了珠三角制造业的发展历程,其中在产业结构演变理论的基础上,具体阐述了从改革开放之初直到金融危机爆发的发展过程,并简要说明了珠三角制造业几种典型的产业发展模式；第二部分对珠三角地区制造业的发展现状进行了研究,并详细阐述了珠三角制造业产业结构存在的主要问题；第三部分具体分析了珠三角地区制造业产业结构不合理的原因；第四部分论述了珠三角地区制造业优化发展的对策,主要是以本地区制造业特色为依托,借鉴发达国家产业升级过程中的经验,总结出适合中国地区制造业发展的对策,特别是要提高自主创新的意识,提高技术创新的水平,提高员工的素质,把一部分外向型生产转化为内向型生产。在我国现阶段,进行产业结构优化是一个复杂的问题,转变经济发展方式不是短期内可以完成的过程,在这一过程里需要多方的努力,政府和企业所起的作用至关重要,尤其是政府要为产业结构的转化提供良好的环境；在以上论述的基础上本文得出了相应结论。
Since the formation of the theory of industrial structure in the twentieth century, three to four decades, many economists have invested into research in this area, promoting the development of the theory of industrial structure. In the theory formation stage, the industrial structure theory in every level to be extended, provides the basis from theory to practice to the adjustment of industrial structure.
With the outbreak of worldwide financial crisis, The world economy goes into recession, whether the United States or Europe, are subject to the impact of the crisis, this not only display in economica, but also express in a series of social problems. China's Pearl River Delta's manufacturing industry also suffered in this crisis a great blow, in the issue of industrial structure embodied on particularly outstanding. Manufacturing industries in the pearl river delta mainly to exogenous economy, in the industrial chain of low-end products majority, belong to labour-intensive production, mainly to OEM and OEM production, Some product has a world factory characteristics, lack of independent innovation of technology and core competitiveness. High-tech product technical tend to grasp the hand in developed countries. In this context, the Pearl River Delta region Manufacturing industry want to realize sustainable development. having to realize from low to high within the industry to upgrade, improving product status with the technology innovation, realizing the transformation from low added value to high added value, so as to realize industry upgrading. On the other hand, structure of the Pearl River Delta manufacturing industry also have to achieve a reasonable transfer between industries.
The paper launched research based on the background, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure has a certain practical significance after the financial crisis, In the crisis-hit manufacturing sector, In particular, the manufacturing sector is represented by the Pearl River Delta development concern. So how to promote the development of the Pearl River Delta and China's manufacturing industry, is the development of China's economic development must pay attention to.
The paper is based on the theory of industrial structure, Starting from the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta, And try to find the Pearl River Delta region manufacturing rationalization of industrial structure and deepening development path. The first part discuss the reform and opening up of the development of its manufacturing process. And among the evolution of industrial structure theory basis, elaborate specifically from the beginning of reform and opening up until the financial crisis developing process, and briefly explain the Pearl River Delta, the manufacturing of several typical industrial development pattern. The second part will study the current situation of the development of the manufacturing industry in Pearl River Delta, and detail the main problems of structure of the Pearl River Delta manufacturing industry, The third part analyzes the Pearl River Delta manufacturing industry with noreasonable reason; The fourth part discusses the development of Pearl River Delta manufacturing optimization countermeasures; manufacturing characteristics mainly based in the region, borrowing from the experience of the process of industrial upgrading, summarizes the development for China countermeasures of manufacturing, especially to improvese self-directed innovation consciousness, improve the technology innovation level, and improve the quality of employees, export-oriented production into part of introversive type production. In the present stage of our country, upgrading the industrial structure is a complex issue, transformating the way of economic development is not can be completed shortly, in this process, efforts in the need for multi, government and enterprises play a crucial role. Especially for industrial structure of government should provide good environment; transformation based on the discussion above relevant conclusions obtained in this paper.
随着世界性金融危机的爆发,世界经济走入衰退,无论是美国还是欧洲,都受到危机带来的冲击,这不仅表现在经济上,也表现在一系列社会问题上。中国珠江三角洲地区的制造业在此次危机中也遭遇了巨大打击,在产业结构问题上的体现尤为突出。珠三角的制造业以外源经济为主,产品多数处在产业链的低端,属于劳动密集型生产,以代工和贴牌生产为主,有些产品颇具世界工厂的特色,缺乏自主创新的技术和核心竞争力,高科技产品的技术往往掌握在发达国家手中。在此背景下,珠三角地区制造业要实现可持续发展,就要实现从低到高的产业内升级,这就要用技术创新提高产品的地位,实现从低附加值到高附加值的转化,从而实现产业升级；另一方面,珠三角地区制造业的产业结构还要实现产业间合理转移。
本文基于这种背景下展开了研究,对金融危机之后产业结构的优化升级具有一定的现实意义。在危机中受到严重冲击的制造业,尤其是以珠三角为代表的制造业的发展备受关注,因此如何促进珠三角地区制造业产业结构的优化发展,进而促进中国制造业的发展,是目前中国经济发展中非常重要的问题。
本文以产业结构理论为基础,从珠三角的产业结构出发展开论述,并试图找到珠三角地区制造业产业结构合理化和高度化发展的路径。论文的第一部分探讨了珠三角制造业的发展历程,其中在产业结构演变理论的基础上,具体阐述了从改革开放之初直到金融危机爆发的发展过程,并简要说明了珠三角制造业几种典型的产业发展模式；第二部分对珠三角地区制造业的发展现状进行了研究,并详细阐述了珠三角制造业产业结构存在的主要问题；第三部分具体分析了珠三角地区制造业产业结构不合理的原因；第四部分论述了珠三角地区制造业优化发展的对策,主要是以本地区制造业特色为依托,借鉴发达国家产业升级过程中的经验,总结出适合中国地区制造业发展的对策,特别是要提高自主创新的意识,提高技术创新的水平,提高员工的素质,把一部分外向型生产转化为内向型生产。在我国现阶段,进行产业结构优化是一个复杂的问题,转变经济发展方式不是短期内可以完成的过程,在这一过程里需要多方的努力,政府和企业所起的作用至关重要,尤其是政府要为产业结构的转化提供良好的环境；在以上论述的基础上本文得出了相应结论。
Since the formation of the theory of industrial structure in the twentieth century, three to four decades, many economists have invested into research in this area, promoting the development of the theory of industrial structure. In the theory formation stage, the industrial structure theory in every level to be extended, provides the basis from theory to practice to the adjustment of industrial structure.
With the outbreak of worldwide financial crisis, The world economy goes into recession, whether the United States or Europe, are subject to the impact of the crisis, this not only display in economica, but also express in a series of social problems. China's Pearl River Delta's manufacturing industry also suffered in this crisis a great blow, in the issue of industrial structure embodied on particularly outstanding. Manufacturing industries in the pearl river delta mainly to exogenous economy, in the industrial chain of low-end products majority, belong to labour-intensive production, mainly to OEM and OEM production, Some product has a world factory characteristics, lack of independent innovation of technology and core competitiveness. High-tech product technical tend to grasp the hand in developed countries. In this context, the Pearl River Delta region Manufacturing industry want to realize sustainable development. having to realize from low to high within the industry to upgrade, improving product status with the technology innovation, realizing the transformation from low added value to high added value, so as to realize industry upgrading. On the other hand, structure of the Pearl River Delta manufacturing industry also have to achieve a reasonable transfer between industries.
The paper launched research based on the background, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure has a certain practical significance after the financial crisis, In the crisis-hit manufacturing sector, In particular, the manufacturing sector is represented by the Pearl River Delta development concern. So how to promote the development of the Pearl River Delta and China's manufacturing industry, is the development of China's economic development must pay attention to.
The paper is based on the theory of industrial structure, Starting from the industrial structure of the Pearl River Delta, And try to find the Pearl River Delta region manufacturing rationalization of industrial structure and deepening development path. The first part discuss the reform and opening up of the development of its manufacturing process. And among the evolution of industrial structure theory basis, elaborate specifically from the beginning of reform and opening up until the financial crisis developing process, and briefly explain the Pearl River Delta, the manufacturing of several typical industrial development pattern. The second part will study the current situation of the development of the manufacturing industry in Pearl River Delta, and detail the main problems of structure of the Pearl River Delta manufacturing industry, The third part analyzes the Pearl River Delta manufacturing industry with noreasonable reason; The fourth part discusses the development of Pearl River Delta manufacturing optimization countermeasures; manufacturing characteristics mainly based in the region, borrowing from the experience of the process of industrial upgrading, summarizes the development for China countermeasures of manufacturing, especially to improvese self-directed innovation consciousness, improve the technology innovation level, and improve the quality of employees, export-oriented production into part of introversive type production. In the present stage of our country, upgrading the industrial structure is a complex issue, transformating the way of economic development is not can be completed shortly, in this process, efforts in the need for multi, government and enterprises play a crucial role. Especially for industrial structure of government should provide good environment; transformation based on the discussion above relevant conclusions obtained in this paper.
引文
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