国内外医药产业创新体系对比分析
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摘要
创新是一个民族进步的灵魂,是国家兴旺发达的不竭动力。目前我国大力提倡自主创新,做出建设创新型国家的重大决策。医药产业作为我国国民经济的重要组成部分,与人民群众的健康生活息息相关,是国家创新体系的重要组成部分。分析总结国内外医药产业创新体系的特点,借鉴国外医药产业创新体系建设的经验,对完善我国医药产业创新体系,促进我国新药的研究与开发具有重要意义。
本文较系统运用情报学定性和定量研究方法,如文献调研法、综合分析法、专家访谈法、实地调研法、SWOT分析法等,检索了维普、万方、PubMed、OVID等中外文数据库,阅读了大量关于医药产业、创新和创新体系相关的论文,选择以美国、德国、日本、印度、中国作为研究对象,对各国医药产业创新体系的构成、职能定位、创新能力、特点和模式及进行了较系统、详尽的对比分析。以医药产业为切入点,系统、全面、深入的分析国内外医药产业创新体系的特点和模式特点,提出完善我国医药产业创新体系的建议,为本论文的创新点所在。
研究发现,各国医药产业创新体系既有共同点,也有其各自的特点。在构成上,各国医药产业创新体系的基本构成元素大致相同,即均由政府、企业、大学和科研机构构成;除我国外,美国、德国、日本、印度的医药产业创新体系均是以企业为主体。在运作模式上,美国政府为企业营造良好的创新环境,大学和科研机构主要从事基础研究;德国政府注重技术、经济、环境的协调发展,给予长期稳定的支持,大学和科研机构基础研究和应用研究并重,大学是科研体系的脊梁;日本政府采取积极引导和重点扶持的措施,大学和科研机构与企业密切合作,促进医药产业的发展;印度政府制定一系列产业政策,为医药企业创新营造良好的环境,大学和科研机构主要从事基础研究和应用研究;我国的医药产业创新体系的特点是,政府主导,大学和科研机构为创新主体,企业尚未成为创新的主体。
为充分发挥我国医药产业的优势,完善我国医药产业创新体系,提出如下重点建议:一是建立完善的医药产业创新体系,二是政府加强管理创新,营造良好的创新环境;三是医药企业采取多种手段加强产业创新,提高创新能力;四是大学和科研机构加强基础创新。
Chinese pharmaceutical industry is an important component of the national economy, it has a great influence on peoples'health and daily life.In this article, we make use of qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods of informatics.We systematically compare the pharmaceutical industry innovation system of the United States, German, Japan, India and China.The main innovation we make in this article is that we choose pharmaceutical industry as research object to compare national innovation system, and we summed up the characteristics and system-building experience of different innovation systems, in the end we give out the suggestions to make our country'system more perfect.
Our research has shown that the basic elements of each system are the same, they are the government, enterprises, universities and research institutions. We find out pharmaceutical enterprises are the main actor in the United States, German, Japan, Indian pharmaceutical industry innovation system.In the United States, government's role is to create a good business environment of innovation, universities and research institutions engage mainly in basic research;In German,government aims at make the developments of technical, economic and environmental harmony, universities and scientific research Institutions are focus on basic and applied research;In Japan, government gives positive guidance and supports to pharmaceutical industry, universities and research institutions and enterprises are in close cooperation, tries to promote the development of pharmaceutical industry; In India, government formulate a Series of industrial policy for the pharmaceutical enterprises, try to create a good environment for innovation, universities and research institutions engaged mainly in basic research and applied research. Chinese pharmaceutical industry innovation system is characterized by the government-led, universities and research institutions are the main actor for innovation, enterprises have not yet become the main force.
There are four key suggestions: 1.we point out a more suitable model for our country's pharmaceutical industry innovation system; 2.the Chinese Government should strengthen management innovation, make the innovation environment in chinamore free; 3.the Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should improve industry innovation ability;4.Universities and scientific research institutes should improve basic research ability.
本文较系统运用情报学定性和定量研究方法,如文献调研法、综合分析法、专家访谈法、实地调研法、SWOT分析法等,检索了维普、万方、PubMed、OVID等中外文数据库,阅读了大量关于医药产业、创新和创新体系相关的论文,选择以美国、德国、日本、印度、中国作为研究对象,对各国医药产业创新体系的构成、职能定位、创新能力、特点和模式及进行了较系统、详尽的对比分析。以医药产业为切入点,系统、全面、深入的分析国内外医药产业创新体系的特点和模式特点,提出完善我国医药产业创新体系的建议,为本论文的创新点所在。
研究发现,各国医药产业创新体系既有共同点,也有其各自的特点。在构成上,各国医药产业创新体系的基本构成元素大致相同,即均由政府、企业、大学和科研机构构成;除我国外,美国、德国、日本、印度的医药产业创新体系均是以企业为主体。在运作模式上,美国政府为企业营造良好的创新环境,大学和科研机构主要从事基础研究;德国政府注重技术、经济、环境的协调发展,给予长期稳定的支持,大学和科研机构基础研究和应用研究并重,大学是科研体系的脊梁;日本政府采取积极引导和重点扶持的措施,大学和科研机构与企业密切合作,促进医药产业的发展;印度政府制定一系列产业政策,为医药企业创新营造良好的环境,大学和科研机构主要从事基础研究和应用研究;我国的医药产业创新体系的特点是,政府主导,大学和科研机构为创新主体,企业尚未成为创新的主体。
为充分发挥我国医药产业的优势,完善我国医药产业创新体系,提出如下重点建议:一是建立完善的医药产业创新体系,二是政府加强管理创新,营造良好的创新环境;三是医药企业采取多种手段加强产业创新,提高创新能力;四是大学和科研机构加强基础创新。
Chinese pharmaceutical industry is an important component of the national economy, it has a great influence on peoples'health and daily life.In this article, we make use of qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods of informatics.We systematically compare the pharmaceutical industry innovation system of the United States, German, Japan, India and China.The main innovation we make in this article is that we choose pharmaceutical industry as research object to compare national innovation system, and we summed up the characteristics and system-building experience of different innovation systems, in the end we give out the suggestions to make our country'system more perfect.
Our research has shown that the basic elements of each system are the same, they are the government, enterprises, universities and research institutions. We find out pharmaceutical enterprises are the main actor in the United States, German, Japan, Indian pharmaceutical industry innovation system.In the United States, government's role is to create a good business environment of innovation, universities and research institutions engage mainly in basic research;In German,government aims at make the developments of technical, economic and environmental harmony, universities and scientific research Institutions are focus on basic and applied research;In Japan, government gives positive guidance and supports to pharmaceutical industry, universities and research institutions and enterprises are in close cooperation, tries to promote the development of pharmaceutical industry; In India, government formulate a Series of industrial policy for the pharmaceutical enterprises, try to create a good environment for innovation, universities and research institutions engaged mainly in basic research and applied research. Chinese pharmaceutical industry innovation system is characterized by the government-led, universities and research institutions are the main actor for innovation, enterprises have not yet become the main force.
There are four key suggestions: 1.we point out a more suitable model for our country's pharmaceutical industry innovation system; 2.the Chinese Government should strengthen management innovation, make the innovation environment in chinamore free; 3.the Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises should improve industry innovation ability;4.Universities and scientific research institutes should improve basic research ability.
引文
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