巢湖和太湖微囊藻毒素的生态学研究
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摘要
本文对长江中下游的两个浅水湖泊微囊藻毒素的生态学进行了研究,内容包括巢湖微囊藻毒素的空间分布和昼夜变化、巢湖微囊藻毒素的周年变化、太湖梅梁湾微囊藻毒素的季节变化以及太湖梅梁湾鱼控藻围栏内外微囊藻毒素的季节变化的研究,主要研究结果如下:
1.对巢湖藻毒素含量的空间分布和昼夜变化研究表明,巢湖全湖范围都存在藻毒素的污染,藻毒素含量低于6μg/L,藻毒素含量与水体营养水平和蓝藻生物量有关;藻毒素含量昼夜变化较大(0.2～3.5μg/L),下午(15:00)含量最高, MC-RR与氨态氮呈显著性负相关关系,MC-LR与正磷酸盐、溶解性总磷呈显著性正相关关系。
2. 2002年8月到2003年7月每个月在七个点采样对巢湖微囊藻毒素进行检测,研究表明:微囊藻毒素含量随时空变化明显,最大值(17.29μg L-1)出现在2003年6月。在巢湖西湖区,微囊藻毒素浓度与溶解氧、总氮、硝态氮、总溶解氮、水温呈正相关关系;在巢湖东湖区,微囊藻毒素浓度与电导率、总磷、水温呈正相关关系。在总磷浓度较低时,以MC-LR为主,在总磷浓度较高时,以MC-RR为主。本研究表明微囊藻毒素含量有从西湖区向东湖区扩散的趋势。
3.在太湖梅梁湾,微囊藻毒素含量在1.18~9.28μg/L之间变动,最大值(15.2μg/L)出现在2005年8月。微囊藻毒素以MC-LR为主。微囊藻毒素含量和水温和藻类密度具有显著正相关关系,与氨态氮、溶解氧、透明度具有显著负相关关系。
4.在太湖梅梁湾,为了评估鲢鳙鱼对蓝藻生物量和水质的影响进行了大型围栏实验。在围栏内外布设10个点从2005年3月到2005年11月分别进行微囊藻毒素的检测。结果表明:微囊藻毒素含量与水温、总磷、pH、叶绿素、微囊藻、鱼腥藻呈显著正相关,与透明度呈负相关。滤食性性鱼类通过滤食蓝藻显著降低了湖水中的微囊藻毒素的浓度,因此,可以利用滤食性鱼类控制水华蓝藻引起的藻毒素污染。
This thesis described field studies on spatial and temporal variation of the hepatotoxic microcystins in two large shallow lakes with dense occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. Major results and conclusions are listed as follows:
1. In Lake Chaohu, microcystin was detected by HPLC in the water sample from all sites on Aug 2002. The maximum MC content was less than 6μg/L. MC concentration was correlated with water tropical status and the biomass of cyanobacteria. There was a remarkable diel variation in microcystin concentration (0.2～3.5μg/L) with the maximum at 15:00. MC-RR concentration was negatively correlated with ammonium (NH_4-N), while MC-LR concentration was significantly correlated with orthophosphate (PO_4-P) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP).
2. In Lake Chaohu, microcystins were detected monthly at seven stations from August 2002 to July 2003. Microcystin concentrations in the water samples varied temporally and spatially from undetectable content to 17.29μg L~(-1). MC concentration was correlated with dissolved oxygen, TN, NO3-N, TDN, and water temperature in western basin and with conductivity, water temperature, TP in eastern basin. MC-LR was the dominant variants when TP was relatively low, while MC-RR dominated when total phosphorus concentrations were relatively higher in both basins. It appears
1.对巢湖藻毒素含量的空间分布和昼夜变化研究表明,巢湖全湖范围都存在藻毒素的污染,藻毒素含量低于6μg/L,藻毒素含量与水体营养水平和蓝藻生物量有关;藻毒素含量昼夜变化较大(0.2～3.5μg/L),下午(15:00)含量最高, MC-RR与氨态氮呈显著性负相关关系,MC-LR与正磷酸盐、溶解性总磷呈显著性正相关关系。
2. 2002年8月到2003年7月每个月在七个点采样对巢湖微囊藻毒素进行检测,研究表明:微囊藻毒素含量随时空变化明显,最大值(17.29μg L-1)出现在2003年6月。在巢湖西湖区,微囊藻毒素浓度与溶解氧、总氮、硝态氮、总溶解氮、水温呈正相关关系;在巢湖东湖区,微囊藻毒素浓度与电导率、总磷、水温呈正相关关系。在总磷浓度较低时,以MC-LR为主,在总磷浓度较高时,以MC-RR为主。本研究表明微囊藻毒素含量有从西湖区向东湖区扩散的趋势。
3.在太湖梅梁湾,微囊藻毒素含量在1.18~9.28μg/L之间变动,最大值(15.2μg/L)出现在2005年8月。微囊藻毒素以MC-LR为主。微囊藻毒素含量和水温和藻类密度具有显著正相关关系,与氨态氮、溶解氧、透明度具有显著负相关关系。
4.在太湖梅梁湾,为了评估鲢鳙鱼对蓝藻生物量和水质的影响进行了大型围栏实验。在围栏内外布设10个点从2005年3月到2005年11月分别进行微囊藻毒素的检测。结果表明:微囊藻毒素含量与水温、总磷、pH、叶绿素、微囊藻、鱼腥藻呈显著正相关,与透明度呈负相关。滤食性性鱼类通过滤食蓝藻显著降低了湖水中的微囊藻毒素的浓度,因此,可以利用滤食性鱼类控制水华蓝藻引起的藻毒素污染。
This thesis described field studies on spatial and temporal variation of the hepatotoxic microcystins in two large shallow lakes with dense occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. Major results and conclusions are listed as follows:
1. In Lake Chaohu, microcystin was detected by HPLC in the water sample from all sites on Aug 2002. The maximum MC content was less than 6μg/L. MC concentration was correlated with water tropical status and the biomass of cyanobacteria. There was a remarkable diel variation in microcystin concentration (0.2～3.5μg/L) with the maximum at 15:00. MC-RR concentration was negatively correlated with ammonium (NH_4-N), while MC-LR concentration was significantly correlated with orthophosphate (PO_4-P) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP).
2. In Lake Chaohu, microcystins were detected monthly at seven stations from August 2002 to July 2003. Microcystin concentrations in the water samples varied temporally and spatially from undetectable content to 17.29μg L~(-1). MC concentration was correlated with dissolved oxygen, TN, NO3-N, TDN, and water temperature in western basin and with conductivity, water temperature, TP in eastern basin. MC-LR was the dominant variants when TP was relatively low, while MC-RR dominated when total phosphorus concentrations were relatively higher in both basins. It appears
引文
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