氮素形态对甜菜生长发育及营养代谢的影响
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摘要
本实验以甜菜农华9808品种为试验材料，研究了在石灰性土壤条件下，不同形态氮素对其生长发育和矿质营养代谢的影响，结果表明：（1）叶丛NR活力并不随NO3-的浓度增加而增加，而是以NO3-/NH4+比例为70/30处理最高，不同NO3- / NH4+ 比例改变块根NR活性变化趋势。（2）两种氮素共存时，NH4+—N比例的增加有利于植株对N、P，Fe、Zn的吸收与利用,无论何种形态及配合比例的N素处理均提高了全株K+、Na+的吸收量。（3）NH4+—N有利于叶丛多种游离氨基酸积累，而块根游离氨基酸含量以NO3- / NH4+为70/30时最高。（4）氮素形态对甜菜各个时期蔗糖转化酶活性，还原糖及蔗糖含量影响显著，一定比例NH4+—N的存在有利于提高甜菜的产、质量。含糖率以NO3-/NH4+为30/70时最高，块根产量以NO3-/NH4+为50/50时最高，产糖率最高的处理是NO3-/NH4+为50/50。上述结果为改善甜菜施肥，提高其产、质量提供了一定理论基础。
NongHua 9808 were used to study the influence of NO3- -N and NH4+-N on plant growth and mineral nutrition. The results showed that:(1) The activity of nitrate reductase(NR) didn’t increase along with increase of NO3- -N, and there was the highest activity of NR in leaves when NO3-/NH4+ was 70:30; The different ratio of NO3-/NH4+ changed the trend of activity of NR in roots.（2）Different nitrogen forms coexisted, the increase of NH4+-N had enhanced the absorption and utilization of N,P, Fe & Zn, Existence of nitrogen improved the contents of K+、Na+.（3）NH4+-N promoted the cumulation of amino acid in leaves; but amino acid in roots was the highest when NO3- / NH4+-N ratio was 70:30. (4) N forms influenced the activity of invertase enzyme , the contents of reductive sugar and sucrose. Suitable ratio of NH4+-N improved the yield and quality of sugarbeet. When NO3- / NH4+-N ratio .was 30/70,50/50 and 50/50 respectively, the sugar content, beet yield and sugar yield were the highest respective. The result could be theoretical fundament for optimizing fertilization and improving of yield and quality of beet sugar.
NongHua 9808 were used to study the influence of NO3- -N and NH4+-N on plant growth and mineral nutrition. The results showed that:(1) The activity of nitrate reductase(NR) didn’t increase along with increase of NO3- -N, and there was the highest activity of NR in leaves when NO3-/NH4+ was 70:30; The different ratio of NO3-/NH4+ changed the trend of activity of NR in roots.（2）Different nitrogen forms coexisted, the increase of NH4+-N had enhanced the absorption and utilization of N,P, Fe & Zn, Existence of nitrogen improved the contents of K+、Na+.（3）NH4+-N promoted the cumulation of amino acid in leaves; but amino acid in roots was the highest when NO3- / NH4+-N ratio was 70:30. (4) N forms influenced the activity of invertase enzyme , the contents of reductive sugar and sucrose. Suitable ratio of NH4+-N improved the yield and quality of sugarbeet. When NO3- / NH4+-N ratio .was 30/70,50/50 and 50/50 respectively, the sugar content, beet yield and sugar yield were the highest respective. The result could be theoretical fundament for optimizing fertilization and improving of yield and quality of beet sugar.
引文
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2 Raven J.A. Regulation of PH and generation of osmolarity in relation to efficiency of use of water energy and nitrogen. New phyto, 1985,101:24~27.
3 李春俭.土壤与植物营养研究新动态（第四卷）[M].北京：中国农业出版社，2001，122~132.
4 Mengel K,Robiu P and salsac L. Nitrate reductase activity in shorts and roots of maize seedlings as affected by the form of nitrogen and PH of the nutrition solution Hant physidogy 1983,71:618~622
5 Schjorring J. K., Nitrate and ammonium absoption by plants growing at a sufficient or insufficient level of phosphorus in nutrient solution. Plant and Soil, 1986,91(3):313~318.
6. Yang X-E(杨肖娥，Sun X（孙羲）,A kinetic study on NH4+ and NO3_ uptake by various rice varieties. Chines Journal of soil Science.(土壤通报)，1991，22（5）：222~224.
7 Mengel K, Robin P, Salsac L. Nitrate reductase activity in shoots and roots of maize seedings as affected by the form of nitrogen nutrition and the PH of the nutrition solution. Plant Pysiol. 1983,71:618~622.
8 Raven J A, Smith P A. Nitrogen assimilation and transport in vascular land plants in relation to tracellular PH regulation[J]. New Phytologist,1976,76:415~431
9 Smirnoff N, Stewarf G R. Nitrate assimilation and transportion by higher plants;comparative physic-ology and ecological consequences[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1985,64:133~140
10 Epstein E. Principles and perspectives. In: Wiley and sons eds. Mineral Nutrition of plants. New york,1972.
11 Heber J.Kirk M.R.,Gimmler H. Schafter G. Uptake and reduction of glycerate by isolated chlorloplasts. Planta,1974,120:32~36
12 Mengel K.,Viro M.Heml G. Effect of potassium on uptake and incorporation of ammonium-nitrogen by rice plants. Plant Soil,1976,43:479~486.
13 Barber S A. Nitrogen[M]. In Soil Nutrient Bioavilability,A Mechanistic Approach. Wiley-Inter-science,New York, NY.1984,179~197
14 Pcuke A D, Jeschke W D. The uptake and how of C,N andions between roots and shoots in Ricinus commvnis L.I. Grown with ammonium or nitrate as nitrogen source[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1993,449(264):1167~1176
15 Pcuke A D, Hartung W, Jeschke W D. The uptake and flow of C,N and ions between roots and shoots in Ricinus commvnis L.II. Grown with low or high nitrat supply[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,1994,45(275):733~740
16 Chanh T T,Tsutsumi M,Kurthara K.Comparative study on the response of indica and japonica rice plants
to ammonium and nitrate niteogen[J].Soil Science Plant Nutrition.1981,27(1):83-92
17 Magalhaes J R, Huber D M.Response of ammonium assimilation enzymes to nitrogen form treatments in different plant species[J].Soil Science Plant Nutrition.1981,27(1):83-92
18 Nowak R S, Nowak C L, Anderson J E. Differential responses to nitrogen form and
concentration for Oryzopsis hymenoides and Elymus lanceolatus[J].Great Basin Naturalist,1993,53(3):222~236
19 Errebhi M, Wilcox G E. Tomato growth and nutrient uptake pattern as influenced by nitrogen form ratio[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1990,13(8): 1031~1043
20 陈元镇.花卉无土栽培的基质与营养液。福建农业学报，2002，17（2）：128~131
21池田英男，大迟孝也.水耕培养液中的NO3とNH4の浓度并ぴに比率がそ菜の生育、叶中N成分及び培养液のPHほす影响.园艺学会杂志，1983，52：159~166
22池田英男，作物の营养特性からみた培养液管理，农业ぉよぴ园艺，1986，60：205~211
23 Anderson D S, Teyker R H, Rayburn A L. Nitrogen form effects on early com root morphological and anatomical development[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition,1991,14(11):1255~1266.
24 Teyker R H, Hobbs D C, Growth and root morphology of com as influenced by nitrogen form[J]. Agronomy Journal,1992,84(4):694~700
25 杜永巨，张福墁.不同形态氮素对温室砂培黄瓜生长发育的影响.园艺学报，1989，16（11）：45-50
26 Mengel K et al., Principle of plant Nutrition (3rd ed.). International potash Inst. Bern.,1982,473~489
27 Zhang F M, Liu B Z T, et at .Effects of nitrogen form on growth and development of cucumber, sweet pepper, and tomota in soilless culture[A]. Proceedings of international symposium on applied tec-hnology of greenhouse , Beijing, China[C]. China KNOWledge Publishing House,1991,216~221.
28 Sandoval V M, Wood C W, Guertal E A,Effects of nitrogen form,nighttime nutrient solution streng-th and cultivar on greenhouse tomato production[J]. Journal of Plant
29 Xu G H, Wolf S, Kafkafi U, et al. Effects of nitrogen form and concentration during growing season on sweet pepper flowering and fruit yield[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2001,24(7):1099~1116.
30 王庆仁，李继云.植物高效利用土壤难溶性磷研究动态及展望.植物营养与肥料学报，1998，4（2）：107~116
31 李继云，刘秀娣，周伟等.有效利用土壤养分元素的作物育种新技术研究.中国科学（B辑），1995，25（1）：41~48
32 杨文治，余存祖.黄土高原区域治理与评价.北京：中国科学出版社，1992，125~126。
33 Barber S. A, A.D. Mackay. Root growth and potassium uptake by two corn genotypes in the field. Fertilizer Res,1986,10:217~231
34 Schenk M.K. and S.A. Barber. Agron. J.1979;71:921~924
35 何镇立，朱祖祥，袁可能.土壤对磷的吸附特性及其与土壤供磷指标之间的关系[J].土壤学报，
1988：25（4）：397~404
36 冯固，杨茂秋，白登莎等.石灰性土壤上VA菌根真菌对土壤有机磷矿化的影响及其机理探索[J]。土壤通报，1993，（4）：184~186
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