秸秆的化学预处理技术与微生物降解条件探索
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摘要
本研究利用化学试剂对玉米秸秆进行预处理,以脱除木质素,提高组分内纤维素含量,从而更好的利用纤维素降解菌群对秸秆纤维素进行生物降解。通过化学预处理试验发现稀NaOH溶液比稀H_2SO_4溶液有更好的秸秆预处理效果。
浓度3%的稀NaOH溶液,固液比1:20,温度108~115℃条件下处理40目玉米秸秆1h,纤维素含量达到69.2%,纤维素提升率为105.71%,木质素脱除率为94.7%。浓度4%的稀NaOH溶液,固液比1:20,温度115~121℃下处理处理60目玉米秸秆1h,纤维素含量为64.71% ,纤维素提升率为109.08%,木质素脱除率为83.66%。
化学预处理试验筛选出的纤维素含量提升率最高试验组预处理后秸秆进入接下来的秸秆纤维素菌群降解试验。通过菌群降解秸秆纤维素产糖试验得出结论:
对于40目预处理后秸秆,在25ml-6%体系中接入5#菌群于30℃下降解到第四天,体系内还原性葡萄糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为22.690 mg·g~(-1);同温度同体系下,接入6#菌群,到第四天时体系内糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为26.563 mg·g~(-1)。
对于60目预处理后秸秆,在25ml-6%体系中接入5#菌群于30℃下降解到第六天,体系内还原性葡萄糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为30. 935 mg·g~(-1);同温度25ml-6%体系下,接入6#菌群,到第二天时体系内糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为30.028 mg·g~(-1)。
在40目秸秆纤维素降解产糖试验中6#菌群降解活性强于5#菌群,而在60目降解试验时情况相反,但两菌群的最适降解温度均为30℃。
This research is about the chemical pretreatment of the crop straw and the microbial degradation of straw cellulose, the chemical pretreatment can make lignin remove and improve the cellulose content that in favor of the microbial degradation of the straw cellulose .It’s discovered that the dilute NaOH solution have better pretreatment effect than the dilute H_2SO_4 solution through the chemical pretreatment experiment.
The cellulose content of 40 mesh straw can get up to 69.2%, the upgrade rate of cellulose is 105.71% and the lignin removal rate is 94.7% under the pretreatment conditions of the concentration of 3% NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, the temperature of 108~115℃and 1 hour.
The cellulose content of 60 mesh straw can get up to 64.71%, the upgrade rate of cellulose is 109.08% and the lignin removal rate is 83.66% under the pretreatment conditions of the concentration of 4% NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, the temperature of 115~121℃and 1 hour.
The straw that there is more cellulose content after chemical pretreatment by the experiment screening is used to the cellulosic flora degradation experiment.The conclusion is produced by the experiment of microbial flora degradation and sugar test.
The glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the fourth day when the 5# microbial flora inoculated into the 25ml-6% system at 30℃for pretreated straw in 40 mesh, then the sugar yield is 22.690 mg·g~(-1).However, the glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the fourth day when the 6# microbial flora inoculated under the same conditions for pretreated straw in 40 mesh, then the sugar yield is 26.563 mg·g~(-1).
The glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the sixth day when the 5# microbial flora inoculated into the 25ml-6% system at 30℃for pretreated straw in 60 mesh, then the sugar yield is 30.935 mg·g~(-1).However, the glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the second day when the 6# microbial flora inoculated under the same conditions for pretreated straw in 60 mesh, then the sugar yield is 30.028 mg·g~(-1).
The degradability of 6# microbial flora is better than 5# in the 40 mesh straw degradation experiment and sugar test,but the situation is opposite in the 60 mesh straw degradation experiment,however the optimal degradation temperature of two kind of microbial flora is both 30℃.
浓度3%的稀NaOH溶液,固液比1:20,温度108~115℃条件下处理40目玉米秸秆1h,纤维素含量达到69.2%,纤维素提升率为105.71%,木质素脱除率为94.7%。浓度4%的稀NaOH溶液,固液比1:20,温度115~121℃下处理处理60目玉米秸秆1h,纤维素含量为64.71% ,纤维素提升率为109.08%,木质素脱除率为83.66%。
化学预处理试验筛选出的纤维素含量提升率最高试验组预处理后秸秆进入接下来的秸秆纤维素菌群降解试验。通过菌群降解秸秆纤维素产糖试验得出结论:
对于40目预处理后秸秆,在25ml-6%体系中接入5#菌群于30℃下降解到第四天,体系内还原性葡萄糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为22.690 mg·g~(-1);同温度同体系下,接入6#菌群,到第四天时体系内糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为26.563 mg·g~(-1)。
对于60目预处理后秸秆,在25ml-6%体系中接入5#菌群于30℃下降解到第六天,体系内还原性葡萄糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为30. 935 mg·g~(-1);同温度25ml-6%体系下,接入6#菌群,到第二天时体系内糖量有最高值,此时产糖率为30.028 mg·g~(-1)。
在40目秸秆纤维素降解产糖试验中6#菌群降解活性强于5#菌群,而在60目降解试验时情况相反,但两菌群的最适降解温度均为30℃。
This research is about the chemical pretreatment of the crop straw and the microbial degradation of straw cellulose, the chemical pretreatment can make lignin remove and improve the cellulose content that in favor of the microbial degradation of the straw cellulose .It’s discovered that the dilute NaOH solution have better pretreatment effect than the dilute H_2SO_4 solution through the chemical pretreatment experiment.
The cellulose content of 40 mesh straw can get up to 69.2%, the upgrade rate of cellulose is 105.71% and the lignin removal rate is 94.7% under the pretreatment conditions of the concentration of 3% NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, the temperature of 108~115℃and 1 hour.
The cellulose content of 60 mesh straw can get up to 64.71%, the upgrade rate of cellulose is 109.08% and the lignin removal rate is 83.66% under the pretreatment conditions of the concentration of 4% NaOH solution, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, the temperature of 115~121℃and 1 hour.
The straw that there is more cellulose content after chemical pretreatment by the experiment screening is used to the cellulosic flora degradation experiment.The conclusion is produced by the experiment of microbial flora degradation and sugar test.
The glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the fourth day when the 5# microbial flora inoculated into the 25ml-6% system at 30℃for pretreated straw in 40 mesh, then the sugar yield is 22.690 mg·g~(-1).However, the glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the fourth day when the 6# microbial flora inoculated under the same conditions for pretreated straw in 40 mesh, then the sugar yield is 26.563 mg·g~(-1).
The glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the sixth day when the 5# microbial flora inoculated into the 25ml-6% system at 30℃for pretreated straw in 60 mesh, then the sugar yield is 30.935 mg·g~(-1).However, the glucose content of the degradate system have the highest value until the second day when the 6# microbial flora inoculated under the same conditions for pretreated straw in 60 mesh, then the sugar yield is 30.028 mg·g~(-1).
The degradability of 6# microbial flora is better than 5# in the 40 mesh straw degradation experiment and sugar test,but the situation is opposite in the 60 mesh straw degradation experiment,however the optimal degradation temperature of two kind of microbial flora is both 30℃.
引文
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[2] Parveen Kumar, Diane M. Barrett, Michael J Delwiche, et.al. Methods for Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Efficient Hydrolysis and Biofuel Production Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2009, 48, 3713~3729.
[3]石元春,李十中.生物燃料良机莫失[J] .中国三峡,2009:50~57.
[4]黄宇彤,杜连祥,赵继湖.世界燃料酒精生产形势[J] .酿酒,2001,(5):24~26.
[5]张继泉,王瑞明,孙玉英.利用木质纤维素生产燃料乙醇的研究进展[J].酿酒科技,2003,(1):39~41.
[6] Wang, M; Wu, M.; Huo, H. Life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission impacts of different corn ethanol plant types [J]. Environ. Res. Lett.2007, 2, 1~13.
[7]卡姆B,格鲁勃R P,卡姆M.生物炼制——工业过程与产品(上卷)[M].马延和主译.北京:化学工业出版社.
[8]求实.日本16家公司联手开发低成本纤维素乙醇技术生物能源[EB/OL] . Http: / /www. 86ne. com /Biomass/200712/Biomass_103883. html, 2007-12-27.
[9]赞恩.杜邦与杰能科合力打造世界领先的纤维素乙醇公司[EB/OL] .http:/ /dupontopresscn /_ d268893003. htm,2008-06-06.
[10]中科院布局纤维素乙醇炼制战略[EB/OL]. http://www.3158.cn/news/20110123/10/82-28665855_1.shtml,化工机械网2011-01-23.
[11]李强,朱兵,陈定江等.生物质液体燃料生产系统技术经济建模及分析[J] .清华大学学报(自然科学版),2009,49(3):402~406.
[12] Yat, S. C.; Berger, A.; Shonnard, D. R. Kinetic characterization of dilute surface acid hydrolysis of timber varieties and switchgrass. Bioresour.Technol. 2008, 99, 3855~3863.
[13]胡良豪等.纤维素乙醇的发展前景[J].现代化工,2008,28增(2):156~158.
[14]梁新红,严天柱,刘邻渭.预处理方法对作物秸秆生物转化的影响[J] .山西食品工业,2004(4):5~8.
[15]仝明,姚春才.微波辅助预处理对玉米秸秆酶解的影响[J].南京林业大学学报,2009,33(4):91~95.
[16] WJCIAKA.Pekarovicova Alexandra. [J].Cellulose Chemistry Technol,2001, 35 (324):361～369.
[17]唐爱民,梁文芷.超声波预处理对速生材木浆纤维结构的影响[J] .声学技术,2000,19 (2):78~85.
[18]李松晔,刘晓非,庄旭品,等.棉浆粕纤维素的超声波处理[J].应用化学,2003,20(11):1030~ 1034.
[19]陈洪章,李佐虎.无污染秸秆汽爆新技术及其应用[J].纤维素科学与技术,2002(3):47~52.
[20]李湘,魏秀英,董仁杰.秸秆微生物降解过程中不同预处理方法的比较研究[J] .农业工程学报,2006,22(增刊1).
[21] Guoce Yu, Shinichi Yano, Hiroyuki Inoue.et.al. Pretreatment of Rice Straw by a Hot-Compressed Water Process for Enzymatic Hydrolysis [J]. Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2010, 160(2):539~51.
[22] Esteghlalian, A.; Hashimoto, A. G.; Fenske, J. J.; Penner, M. H.Modeling and optimization of the dilute-sulfuric-acid pretreatment of corn stover, poplar and switchgrass. Bioresour.Technol. 1997, 59, 129~136.
[23] Mosier, N. S.; Wyman, C.; Dale, B.; Elander, R.; Lee, Y. Y.;Holtzapple, M.; Ladisch, M. R. Features of promising technologies for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.Bioresour. Technol. 2005, 96, 673~686.
[24]孙万里,陶文沂.稻草秸秆3种预处理方法的比较[J].精细化工,2009,26(7):656~674.
[25]侯丽芬,丁长河,孙向阳等.预处理脱除木质素的研究[J].食品研究与开发,2008,29(1):94~96.
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