“两型社会”建设中人力资本需求研究
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摘要
在经济知识化的当今世界,生产力诸要素中最能动的部分是人力资本,“人力资本是第一资源”的论断日益显示出巨大的力量,逐渐成为区域经济发展的源头活水与根本动力。作为我国经济社会发展的战略选择——“两型社会”建设来说,急需科技和人才作支撑,归根结底需要人力资本作支撑。“两型社会”的建设发展离不开各行各业的充足而且高质的人力资本,人力资本是关系到产业发展、社会进步的关键生产要素。结合长株潭“两型社会”建设综合配套改革试验区建设的实践来看,长株潭面临的最大的问题就是人才问题,普遍感到人力资本结构性缺少、人力资本支撑力不够。研究人力资本与“两型社会”建设的关系,构建高效的人力资本支撑体系,为长株潭“两型社会”建设提供强大的人才保障和智力支持,是本论文选题和研究的目的所在。
本文从循环经济、低碳经济、人力资本等相关理论出发,深刻剖析“两型社会”建设与人力资本的相互关系,在深入分析研究人力资本对“两型社会”的支撑机理与“两型社会”对人力资本的需求的基础上,实证地研究了长株潭“两型社会”建设人力资本的支撑作用与体系,以及长株潭“两型社会”对人力资本的需求,进而提出长株潭“两型社会”建设与人力资本协同运行的对策建议。具体获得以下研究结论：
(1)本文采用理论分析和数理分析相结合的方式,通过道格拉斯生产函数,从数理上证明了人力资本对两型社会发展的支撑机理。得出以下结论：人力资本的作用在于减轻物资资本投资边际递减效应,从而减轻经济发展能力随自身积累的边际递减,使经济发展能力达到更高的稳态水平,从而提升了稳态水平时的两型社会发展能力；人力资本通过提高社会发展能力和生态发展能力,间接提高经济发展能力,从而提升了稳态水平时的两型社会发展能力。
(2)文章通过基于灰色理论模型的组合预测方法,对“两型社会”经济发展水平与其人力资本需求的匹配性进行了分析,得到长株潭“两型社会”中人力资本发展方向和规模。“十二五”期间需加强人才总量的储备,并加大向生产性和生活性服务产业转移力度,防止未来出现人力资源的短缺。
(3)人力资本支撑区域经济发展,并且作为区域经济建设的重要内生变量已得到了学术理论界的广泛认同,本文运用空间数据分析法,挖掘长株潭区域层面经济数据,建立面板计量经济模型来研究长株潭“两型社会”建设过程中人力资本支撑作用,这是方法论的创新。通过数据面板的实证分析得出,教育支撑要素、劳动人口迁移支撑要素、科学技术发展支撑要素等人力资本支撑要素对“两型社会”建设的效果是显著的,尤其是教育支撑要素,如,高素质人才比重、教育投入对“两型社会”的支撑。卫生保健支撑要素中的两个子要素系数并不显著。时期固定效应表明了人力资本支撑要素对“两型社会”的影响逐年增加。
(4)通过设计问卷,从企业微观层面、长株潭经济圈宏观层面及长株潭“两型社会”建设与人力资本支撑体系之间的相互关系三个视角展开调查,调查表明：长株潭经济圈人力资本激励保障形式排序为提高和发展机会、提高工资和高奖励、领导的认可和重视、健全的社会保险、荣誉激励；而调查出人力资本对长株潭建设的主要影响因素有人力资本教育与培训支撑、流动与配置支撑、激励与保障支撑、人才环境与政策等四个因素。获得与人力资本支撑区域经济发展不同的结论。
In current world of economy intellectualization, the judgement that "Human Capital is the Primary Resource"has become increasingly influential while huaman capital, the most motile part among all productivity elements, has gradually become the source and fundamental impetus for regional economy development. On December14th2007, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) approved Wuhan City Cycle and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster as comprehensive supporting reform testing zones of national energy-saving and environment-friendly society ("Two-Oriented Society") construction."Two-Oriented Society" construction has become a strategy choice for China's economy and society development. The construction of "Two-Oriented Society" needs the support of technology and talents, i.e. human capital's support in nature. Building a complete and effective human capital supporting system is prerequisite for providing powerful intellectual guarantee for construction of "Two-Oriented Society". Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction depends on sufficient and high-quality human capital, which is key element to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan industry development and society progress. The construction practice of Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" shows that the primary problem facing is insufficient human capital support. Human resources are the primary resources, while human capital is the primary capital. Building a complete and effective human capital supporting system to provide powerful talents and intellectual support is the research purpose of this dissertation.
Based on the theory of circular economy, low-carbon economy and human capital, the dissertation analyzed the correlation between "Two-Oriented Society" construction and human capital construction profoundly, combined present situation of "Two-Oriented Society" construction and human capital supply and demand in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan to set up a scientific human capital supporting system for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction. Meanwhile, the dissertation made deep research into human capital supporting sub-system for Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction, and further proposed countermeasures and suggestions to function of human capital supporting system for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction. Below summarized detailed research conclusions:
(1) Past researches usually incorporated human capital into endogenous economy growth model to analyze human capital's support to regional economy development, but rare research studied human capital's support to "Two-Oriented Society" construction. Moverover, the harmonious, integrated, participating and innovative nature of "Two-Oriented Society" construction lead to a big difference between human capital's support to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan with normal function mechanism. Therefore, the conclusion of human capital's support to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan can be applied as a reference in human capital development, transfer and allocation in other regions'"Two-Oriented Society"construction.
(2) It's been widely recognized in academic circle that human capital upholds regional economy development and is an important endogenous variable in regional economy construction. However, the measuring methods and the quantification of institution variable's performance to human capital in human capital theory remain to be solved. The dissertation used questionnaire and structural equation to analyze human capital's spatial allocation and support to regional integration in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society"construction, and applied spatial data analysis to dig economic data in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region and set up econometric model based on the panel data to analyze human capital's support to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangran "Two-Oriented Society" construction. This is innovation in methodology.
(3) The designed questionnaire investigated from3angles of view--human capital supporting system's correlation with enterprise (micro-level), Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan economy circle (macro-level) and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented society" construction. Surveys show that human capital incentives include increasing development opportunity, increasing salary and premium, boss's recognition and attention, sound social insurance, hornors and encouragement, others; and main influential factors of human capital to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan construction include human capital education and training support, liquidity and allocation support, incentives and guarantee support, talents environment and policies. The dissertation got different conclusions from theory of human capital supporting regional economy development.
(4) The dissertation analyzed characteristics of Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan "Two-Oriented society" construction and human resources supply and demand, applied average education years methods as human capital stock estimate (Population Education Years Stock=colleague and above graduates'education years stock+high school graduates'education years stock+middle school graduates'education years stock+elementary school graduates'education years stock+illiterate population's education years stock) to make statistical analysis to human capital supply and demand. This is innovation in present study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan"Two-Oriented Society"construction.
(5) Key influential factors, model framework and function suggestions to human capital supporting system building for Changsha--Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction.
Based on designed questionnaire, the dissertation took3angles of view--human capital supporting system's correlation with enterprise (micro-level), Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan economy circle (macro-level) and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan"Two-Oriented society"construction, considered human capital education and training support, liquidity and allocation support, incentives and guarantee support, etc. to analyze and study key influential factors to construction of Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan human capital supporting system. Furthermore, the dissertation also set up the model framework for human capital supporting system building for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction and put forward function advice.
These studies are innovative in present Changsha-Zhuzhou- Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" study or human capital study and are highly meaningful and valuable for human capital supporting system building for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction.
本文从循环经济、低碳经济、人力资本等相关理论出发,深刻剖析“两型社会”建设与人力资本的相互关系,在深入分析研究人力资本对“两型社会”的支撑机理与“两型社会”对人力资本的需求的基础上,实证地研究了长株潭“两型社会”建设人力资本的支撑作用与体系,以及长株潭“两型社会”对人力资本的需求,进而提出长株潭“两型社会”建设与人力资本协同运行的对策建议。具体获得以下研究结论：
(1)本文采用理论分析和数理分析相结合的方式,通过道格拉斯生产函数,从数理上证明了人力资本对两型社会发展的支撑机理。得出以下结论：人力资本的作用在于减轻物资资本投资边际递减效应,从而减轻经济发展能力随自身积累的边际递减,使经济发展能力达到更高的稳态水平,从而提升了稳态水平时的两型社会发展能力；人力资本通过提高社会发展能力和生态发展能力,间接提高经济发展能力,从而提升了稳态水平时的两型社会发展能力。
(2)文章通过基于灰色理论模型的组合预测方法,对“两型社会”经济发展水平与其人力资本需求的匹配性进行了分析,得到长株潭“两型社会”中人力资本发展方向和规模。“十二五”期间需加强人才总量的储备,并加大向生产性和生活性服务产业转移力度,防止未来出现人力资源的短缺。
(3)人力资本支撑区域经济发展,并且作为区域经济建设的重要内生变量已得到了学术理论界的广泛认同,本文运用空间数据分析法,挖掘长株潭区域层面经济数据,建立面板计量经济模型来研究长株潭“两型社会”建设过程中人力资本支撑作用,这是方法论的创新。通过数据面板的实证分析得出,教育支撑要素、劳动人口迁移支撑要素、科学技术发展支撑要素等人力资本支撑要素对“两型社会”建设的效果是显著的,尤其是教育支撑要素,如,高素质人才比重、教育投入对“两型社会”的支撑。卫生保健支撑要素中的两个子要素系数并不显著。时期固定效应表明了人力资本支撑要素对“两型社会”的影响逐年增加。
(4)通过设计问卷,从企业微观层面、长株潭经济圈宏观层面及长株潭“两型社会”建设与人力资本支撑体系之间的相互关系三个视角展开调查,调查表明：长株潭经济圈人力资本激励保障形式排序为提高和发展机会、提高工资和高奖励、领导的认可和重视、健全的社会保险、荣誉激励；而调查出人力资本对长株潭建设的主要影响因素有人力资本教育与培训支撑、流动与配置支撑、激励与保障支撑、人才环境与政策等四个因素。获得与人力资本支撑区域经济发展不同的结论。
In current world of economy intellectualization, the judgement that "Human Capital is the Primary Resource"has become increasingly influential while huaman capital, the most motile part among all productivity elements, has gradually become the source and fundamental impetus for regional economy development. On December14th2007, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) approved Wuhan City Cycle and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Cluster as comprehensive supporting reform testing zones of national energy-saving and environment-friendly society ("Two-Oriented Society") construction."Two-Oriented Society" construction has become a strategy choice for China's economy and society development. The construction of "Two-Oriented Society" needs the support of technology and talents, i.e. human capital's support in nature. Building a complete and effective human capital supporting system is prerequisite for providing powerful intellectual guarantee for construction of "Two-Oriented Society". Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction depends on sufficient and high-quality human capital, which is key element to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan industry development and society progress. The construction practice of Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" shows that the primary problem facing is insufficient human capital support. Human resources are the primary resources, while human capital is the primary capital. Building a complete and effective human capital supporting system to provide powerful talents and intellectual support is the research purpose of this dissertation.
Based on the theory of circular economy, low-carbon economy and human capital, the dissertation analyzed the correlation between "Two-Oriented Society" construction and human capital construction profoundly, combined present situation of "Two-Oriented Society" construction and human capital supply and demand in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan to set up a scientific human capital supporting system for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction. Meanwhile, the dissertation made deep research into human capital supporting sub-system for Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction, and further proposed countermeasures and suggestions to function of human capital supporting system for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction. Below summarized detailed research conclusions:
(1) Past researches usually incorporated human capital into endogenous economy growth model to analyze human capital's support to regional economy development, but rare research studied human capital's support to "Two-Oriented Society" construction. Moverover, the harmonious, integrated, participating and innovative nature of "Two-Oriented Society" construction lead to a big difference between human capital's support to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan with normal function mechanism. Therefore, the conclusion of human capital's support to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan can be applied as a reference in human capital development, transfer and allocation in other regions'"Two-Oriented Society"construction.
(2) It's been widely recognized in academic circle that human capital upholds regional economy development and is an important endogenous variable in regional economy construction. However, the measuring methods and the quantification of institution variable's performance to human capital in human capital theory remain to be solved. The dissertation used questionnaire and structural equation to analyze human capital's spatial allocation and support to regional integration in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society"construction, and applied spatial data analysis to dig economic data in Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan region and set up econometric model based on the panel data to analyze human capital's support to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangran "Two-Oriented Society" construction. This is innovation in methodology.
(3) The designed questionnaire investigated from3angles of view--human capital supporting system's correlation with enterprise (micro-level), Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan economy circle (macro-level) and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented society" construction. Surveys show that human capital incentives include increasing development opportunity, increasing salary and premium, boss's recognition and attention, sound social insurance, hornors and encouragement, others; and main influential factors of human capital to Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan construction include human capital education and training support, liquidity and allocation support, incentives and guarantee support, talents environment and policies. The dissertation got different conclusions from theory of human capital supporting regional economy development.
(4) The dissertation analyzed characteristics of Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan "Two-Oriented society" construction and human resources supply and demand, applied average education years methods as human capital stock estimate (Population Education Years Stock=colleague and above graduates'education years stock+high school graduates'education years stock+middle school graduates'education years stock+elementary school graduates'education years stock+illiterate population's education years stock) to make statistical analysis to human capital supply and demand. This is innovation in present study of Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan"Two-Oriented Society"construction.
(5) Key influential factors, model framework and function suggestions to human capital supporting system building for Changsha--Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction.
Based on designed questionnaire, the dissertation took3angles of view--human capital supporting system's correlation with enterprise (micro-level), Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan economy circle (macro-level) and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan"Two-Oriented society"construction, considered human capital education and training support, liquidity and allocation support, incentives and guarantee support, etc. to analyze and study key influential factors to construction of Changsha-Zhuzhou--Xiangtan human capital supporting system. Furthermore, the dissertation also set up the model framework for human capital supporting system building for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction and put forward function advice.
These studies are innovative in present Changsha-Zhuzhou- Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" study or human capital study and are highly meaningful and valuable for human capital supporting system building for Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan "Two-Oriented Society" construction.
引文
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