人力资本价值提升对经济发展方式转变的作用及其实现机制研究
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摘要
当前,经济发展问题为世人所关注,经济发展方式更为转型国家或地区普遍重视。在我国,经济发展方式转变则是一个“久议难转”的现实问题。自“九五”时期中央正式提出转变经济发展方式以来,理论界、政府部门都进行过相关探讨,提出了不少政策建议,众多学者对影响中国经济发展方式转变的因素进行了研究,并取得了丰硕成果,但仅有较少的文献将人力资本价值纳入这一主题。这意味着,对这一问题进行研究,弄清楚人力资本价值提升对经济发展方式转变的作用与实现机制具有重要的理论意义。
从政策和现实层面看,党的十七届五中全会和国家“十二五”规划对于加快经济发展方式转变给予了高度重视。而现实是我国的经济发展主要还是依赖于“四高四低”(高投入、高消耗、高排放、高资本、低产出、低效率、低循环、劳动力的低成本)的传统方式。这种经济发展方式引起的经济社会问题(资源短缺、生态破坏、环境污染、贫富分化等)已威胁到我国经济社会的可持续发展。由此,推动经济由“外延”式扩张向“内涵”式发展方式转变,成为我国经济持续、健康、协调发展的客观需要。面对资源、环境、市场三大约束,经济持续发展的活力源泉来自于“挖掘”软实力即提升人力资本的价值。因为我国自改革开放以来,经济持续高速发展,劳动生产率极大提高,积累了丰裕的物质资本。但另一方面还存在没有充分发挥人力资本的积极作用；人力资本投资成本与收益遭到扭曲；人力资本教育投资总量不足,结构不合理；就业体制僵化与人力流动机制的缺乏,显性失业和隐性失业较严重；“智力外流”造成大量人力资本的损失；人力资本创新能力不足等经济发展问题。这些问题的实质是人力资本价值提升问题和经济发展方式问题。本文抓住经济发展方式转变过程中人力资本价值这一关键因素,研究人力资本价值提升对经济发展方式转变的作用和经济发展方式转变对人力资本价值提升的需求,构建研究加快经济发展方式转变的新框架,提出以人力资本价值提升为根本动力和真正源泉的经济发展方式转变的政策建议,对我国加快转变经济发展方式,走新型工业化道路,实现经济赶超具有重要的指导意义和现实价值。
本文以现代经济学的基本理论为指导,从系统论的角度出发,综合运用新制度经济学、发展经济学、可持续发展理论、人力资本投资和经济增长理论、人力资本开发和管理理论等理论,立足于理论分析、实证分析与案例分析,以理论分析为基础、实证分析为重点,案例分析为补充。主要采用层次分析方法、经济计量分析方法、动态分析方法和规范与实证、定量与定性相结合的分析方法以及比较分析法来研究人力资本价值提升对加快经济发展方式转变的作用机理、作用方式,以期为我国经济转型背景下加快经济发展方式的转变提出可供借鉴的观点和建议。主要内容分为三大部分：
第一大部分为理论分析部分,包括理论综述和人力资本价值提升与经济发展方式转变之间的理论关系分析。笔者在对人力资本价值提升和经济发展方式转变相关的几组概念及其关系进行辨析的基础上,对国内外关于人力资本价值提升和经济发展方式转变的相关研究成果进行了梳理和归纳,并进一步探讨了该领域未来研究值得关注的问题。接着分析了人力资本价值提升对经济发展方式转变的作用表现、作用机理和作用方式。明确提出以下分析和论证的基本观点：一是人力资本价值提升是经济发展方式转变人本价值向度的内在要求和现实需要；二是人力资本价值提升是经济发展方式转变的根本动力和真正源泉；三是人力资本价值提升是经济发展方式转变,增强国际竞争力的重要保证。
第二大部分为实证分析和案例考察部分。包括对我国人力资本价值提升状况和经济发展方式转变状况测评的指标体系构建和测评部分、根据测评结果进行的实证分析部分和案例考察部分。本部分首先在参考大量文献和经过专家讨论的基础上,以结构化和层次分解方法构建指标体系。运用构建的指标体系,大量收集整理我国现有数据资源,对我国人力资本价值提升状况和经济发展方式转变状况进行测评,以获得对我国人力资本价值提升和经济发展方式转变状况的较为准确的把握,分析归纳出影响我国经济发展方式转变的各种因素,证明提升人力资本价值对加快经济发展方式转变的必要性和重要性。这也是文章的第三大部分提出针对性的对策建议的基石。接着,运用前文对我国人力资本价值提升状况和经济发展方式转变状况进行测评的数据做统计实证,运用SPSS17.0和Excel对统计数据进行标准化处理和主成分分析。然后将人力资本价值提升指标的3个主成分作为自变量,将经济发展方式转变的3个主成分作为因变量进行回归分析,反映出人力资本价值提升状况与经济发展方式转变程度的动态变化,实证分析检验前文的人力资本价值提升作用于加快经济发展方式转变的理论分析。再接着,对世界经济发展史中先后出现的三个成功实现经济追赶的国家(美、日、韩)依靠其人力资本价值提升实现其经济发展方式转变的实例进行对比分析,并将其所处的背景与中国国情与现实进行比较,分辨出值得借鉴的经验,舍弃与中国实际不符的理论,对影响经济发展方式转变的真正源泉进行深层次挖掘。提出有利于我国经济发展方式转变的启发和借鉴。
本部分的实证分析和案例考察,得出以下主要结论：目前我国的经济发展方式仍属“四高四低”的传统型,而且人力资本价值水平均为解释我国经济发展方式转变状况和国与国之间经济发展差异的重要直接因素,忽视人力资本价值提升的重要性和必要性,不利于我国加快经济发展方式的转变,不利于我国经济的可持续发展和国家之间经济发展水平差异的缩小；进一步加大人力资本价值提升的投资力度,提高人力资本价值存量,提升人力资本价值水平是我国加快经济发展方式转变,实现经济追赶的战略选择；政府应树立科学的人力资本价值观,完善人力资本价值提升的制度安排,保障人力资本价值提升取得实效,以人力资本价值提升为依托加快经济发展方式转变。只有这样,我国才能有效缓解人力资本价值水平供给短缺与加快经济发展方式转变需求旺盛之间的矛盾,从而缩小与发达国家的差距,实现经济赶超。
第三大部分为对策建议部分。基于前文的理论分析、实证研究和案例考察,文章提出了提升人力资本价值,加快经济发展方式转变的对策建议：一是树立科学的人力资本价值观,实施人力资本优先开发战略：树立科学的人力资本价值观,充分认识人力资本价值提升的作用；强化人力资本是首要资本的意识,确立人力资本优先开发战略；强化人力资本投资理念,提高人力资本价值存量。二是完善人力资本价值提升的制度安排,保障人力资本价值提升：完善人力资本产权制度,实现智能资源资本化；完善人力资本的教育培训制度：优化收入分配制度,促进发展成果分配公平；完善人力资本价值的评价制度；完善公共学习环境的管理制度。三是完善与加快经济发展方式转变相适应的人力资本价值提升的管理机制：完善人力资本投资的管理机制；建立与加快经济发展方式转变要求相适应的人力资本配置机制；完善与加快经济发展方式转变要求相适应的人力资本使用机制；构建市场化认可的人力资本价值实现机制；加强人力资本价值提升的软硬件设施建设管理。四是以人力资本价值提升为依托加快经济发展方式转变：大力提升人力资本的智能,推动技术进步；加快人力资本价值积累和结构优化,促进产业结构优化升级；提升人力资本的自主创新能力,加快经济发展方式转变。
Currently, the issue of economics raises the world attention. What's more, the mode of economic development has been paid widespread attention by the countries or areas in transition. In our country, the transformation of economic development is a real problem which is debatable and difficult to decide. Since the official presentation of the transformation of economic development comes out from the government during the period of "the ninth five-year-plan"(full name: the ninth five-year-plan outline for national economic and social development of the People's Republic of China), there are a lot of relevant discussion from Academia and government, they have put forward a number of policies on the issue, many scholars have made a deep study on the factors affecting the transformation of China's economic development and achieved a great success, however, but only a few literature will bring the factor that the enhancement of human capital into the issue. This means that the Study on the issue is of great theoretical significance to make clear what a role the enhancement of human capital plays on the transformation of China's economic development.
From the policy and the practical perspectives, it is given high priority to speeding up the transformation of economic development on the Fifth Plenum of the17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and12th Five-Year Program for China's Economic and Social Development. While the reality is that China's economic development still mainly relies on the traditional way, commonly known as "4high4low"(full name:high input, high consumption, high emission, high capital, low output, low efficiency, low cycle and low labor costs). Variety of economic and social problems (for example:shortage of resources, ecological destruction and environmental pollution, the gap between rich and poor, etc) caused by traditional mode of economic development has threatened to sustainable development of China's society. It is the objective need to promote the economic development changing from "extension" to "connotation" in order to keep the economics sustained, healthy and coordinated. Under the three constraints of resource, environment and market, the vitality for transformation of economic development comes from "mining" soft power, namely, enhancing the value of human capital. Since the adoption of reform and opening-up policy, the rapid growth of economy and the great enhance of labor productivity have accumulated abundant Material capital. However, on the other hand, there are still a lot of problems unresolved, such as the human capital doesn't play its full positive role:the distortion of the costs and benefits for the investment of human capital, the lack of total education investment in human capital, unreasonable structure, the rigid employment system and the lack of human resource flow mechanism, serious explicit and hidden unemployment, the fact that "brain drain" caused massive loss of human capital and low innovation capacity, ect. The essence of these problems is the enhancement of human capital and the mode of economic development. This article focuses on the value of human capital which is the key factor in the transformation of economic development to study the function mechanism how the enhancement of human capital influences the transformation of economic development, and the need for the enhancement of human capital, to construct the new framework that can speed up the transformation of economic development, to proposes policies which take the promoting of human capital as the fundamental power and the true source of transformation of economic development, all of these above play a important guiding role,make practical value for speeding up the transformation of the economic development, take a new road to industrialization, and implement economy overtakes.
This paper takes the modern economics basic theory as a guide, from the view of system theory, it gets new system economics, development economics, sustainable development theory, human capital investment and, economic growth theory, human capital development and management theory together. What's more this paper is based on the theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and case analysis, with theoretical analysis as the foundation, the empirical analysis as the key point, case analysis as the supplement. In order to puts forward the referential views and suggestions how to speed up the mode transformation of economic development under the background of China's economic transformation, the author make use of the analytic hierarchy process, the econometric analysis method, the dynamic analysis method, normative and empirical analysis method, quantitative and qualitative method, combining analysis method and comparative analysis method to study the mechanism and action of the enhancement of the human capital influencing the transformation of economic development. The main content is divided into three parts:
The first part is the theoretical analysis, including the theory summary and the theoretical relationship analysis between the enhancement of human capital and the transformation of economic development. On the basis of the discrimination of relevant concepts and the relationships between the enhancement of human capital and the transformation of the economic development, the author combs out and sums up relevant research on the issue. Moreover, the author has a further discussion on the future research in this area, to which is worth to pay close attention. Then the author analyzes the interaction, function mechanism and mode of action that the improvement of the human capital speeds up the transformation of economic development. Putting forward the following analysis and the basic views:in the first place, the enhancement of human capital are inner requirements and the actual needs to speed up the transformation of economic development; secondly, the enhancement of human capital is the basic power and the real source to accelerate the transformation of economic development; furthermore, the enhancement of human capital is the important guarantee to accelerate the transformation of economic development and the enhancement of the international competitiveness.
The second part is empirical analysis and case investigation mostly, including system of indicators' construction and evaluation, which is about the enhancement of human capital, the transformation of economic development, and part of the empirical analysis and case study according to the measurement. Firstly, on the basis of a large number of documents and reference discussed by experts, we use structured and hierarchical decomposition method to construct the system of indicators. Depending on this system of indicators, we collect and analysis a lot of our existing data resources, evaluate the human capital value status and the transformation of economic development mode. Using the system of indicators constructed, and collecting existing data resources to measure the situation of the improvement of human capital and the transformation of economic development can understand the situation of the value of human capital and the transformation of economic development, and analysis the various factors which works on accelerating the transformation of China's economic development. A fact will be proved that the improvement of the value of human capital is very necessary and important to speed up the transformation of economic development. That is also the foundation for countermeasures and suggestions proposed in the third part of this article. Then, the article applies the measured data about the improvement of the value of human capital and the transformation of economic development to statistical and empirical study, and uses SPSS17.0and Excel to standardize statistics and analyses principal component. And then, we choose the three principal components indicators which enhanced the human capital value as independent variables, the three principal components of economic development pattern as dependent variables to do regression analysis, reflecting the dynamic changes between human capital value improvement and the degree of economic development mode change. The empirical analysis inspects the above theory analysis on human capital value improvement accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. Moreover, the article comparative analysis the example of three countries (America, Japan, Korea),which successful realize economic pursue in the world economic development history, realize their economic development mode change relying on its human capital value upgrade, and makes a comparison between their background and China's national conditions, distinguishing the worthy learning experience and abandoning Chinese actual discrepancy theory, and deep dig the true source of impacting economic development mode change. Last but not least, this essay puts forward inspiration and reference which is helpful for China to accelerate the transformation of economic development.
This part is the empirical analysis and case study, from which we can conclude that our country's economic development is still in the "four-high-four-low" traditional mode at present, and the levels of human capital value are important and direct factors to explain the converting condition of our country's economic development mode and the economic differences between different countries. Ignoring the importance and necessity of upgrading the level does no good to accelerate the transformation of our country's economic development mode, the sustainable development of economy, and narrow the economic development level between different countries. Only by further to enhance the investment of elevating the value of human capital, increasing the stock of the value of human capital, building up the scientific human capital values, improving the system arrangement of the value of human capital, ensuring to acquire the real enhancement of the value of human capital, speeding up the economic development relying on mode changing of the value of human capital can we achieve the catch-up strategic choice of economy, relieve the contradiction between the short supply of the level of human capital value and the strong demand of accelerating the shift of the economic development mode, and narrow the gap with the developed countries, in the end, realize the economic catching-up.
The third part is about countermeasures. Based on the above theory analysis, empirical research and case studies, the article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions about improving the human capital value and accelerating the economic development mode change:firstly building up the scientific human capital values and implementing preferential develop human capital strategy:setting scientific human capital values, we should fully understand the role of the enhance of human capital value; strengthening the consciousness of human capital is the first capital, establish the strategy of human capital preferential development strategy; strengthening the concept of human capital investment, and increasing the value of human capital stock. Second, improving the system arrangement of human capital value enhancement, safeguarding human capital value upgrade:perfecting the human capital property right system to realize the intelligent resource capitalization; perfecting manpower capital education and training system; optimizing income allocation system to promote the fair distribution of development achievements; improving the human capital value assessment system; improving the management system on public learning environment. Third, perfecting the human capital value upgrade management mechanism which is adapted to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode:perfecting manpower capital investment management mechanism; establishing the human capital allocation mechanism which is adapted to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode; improving the human capital using mechanism which is adapted to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode; constructing human capital value realization mechanism which is accepted by market; strengthening the software and hardware facilities construction management which is helpful for enhancing the value of human capital. Fourth, accelerating the transformation of economic development mode according to enhance human capital value:in order to promote technological progress, we should make great efforts to enhance human capital intelligence; accelerating human capital value's accumulation and structural optimization to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure; ascending human capital's ability of independent innovation to speed up the transformation of economic development.
从政策和现实层面看,党的十七届五中全会和国家“十二五”规划对于加快经济发展方式转变给予了高度重视。而现实是我国的经济发展主要还是依赖于“四高四低”(高投入、高消耗、高排放、高资本、低产出、低效率、低循环、劳动力的低成本)的传统方式。这种经济发展方式引起的经济社会问题(资源短缺、生态破坏、环境污染、贫富分化等)已威胁到我国经济社会的可持续发展。由此,推动经济由“外延”式扩张向“内涵”式发展方式转变,成为我国经济持续、健康、协调发展的客观需要。面对资源、环境、市场三大约束,经济持续发展的活力源泉来自于“挖掘”软实力即提升人力资本的价值。因为我国自改革开放以来,经济持续高速发展,劳动生产率极大提高,积累了丰裕的物质资本。但另一方面还存在没有充分发挥人力资本的积极作用；人力资本投资成本与收益遭到扭曲；人力资本教育投资总量不足,结构不合理；就业体制僵化与人力流动机制的缺乏,显性失业和隐性失业较严重；“智力外流”造成大量人力资本的损失；人力资本创新能力不足等经济发展问题。这些问题的实质是人力资本价值提升问题和经济发展方式问题。本文抓住经济发展方式转变过程中人力资本价值这一关键因素,研究人力资本价值提升对经济发展方式转变的作用和经济发展方式转变对人力资本价值提升的需求,构建研究加快经济发展方式转变的新框架,提出以人力资本价值提升为根本动力和真正源泉的经济发展方式转变的政策建议,对我国加快转变经济发展方式,走新型工业化道路,实现经济赶超具有重要的指导意义和现实价值。
本文以现代经济学的基本理论为指导,从系统论的角度出发,综合运用新制度经济学、发展经济学、可持续发展理论、人力资本投资和经济增长理论、人力资本开发和管理理论等理论,立足于理论分析、实证分析与案例分析,以理论分析为基础、实证分析为重点,案例分析为补充。主要采用层次分析方法、经济计量分析方法、动态分析方法和规范与实证、定量与定性相结合的分析方法以及比较分析法来研究人力资本价值提升对加快经济发展方式转变的作用机理、作用方式,以期为我国经济转型背景下加快经济发展方式的转变提出可供借鉴的观点和建议。主要内容分为三大部分：
第一大部分为理论分析部分,包括理论综述和人力资本价值提升与经济发展方式转变之间的理论关系分析。笔者在对人力资本价值提升和经济发展方式转变相关的几组概念及其关系进行辨析的基础上,对国内外关于人力资本价值提升和经济发展方式转变的相关研究成果进行了梳理和归纳,并进一步探讨了该领域未来研究值得关注的问题。接着分析了人力资本价值提升对经济发展方式转变的作用表现、作用机理和作用方式。明确提出以下分析和论证的基本观点：一是人力资本价值提升是经济发展方式转变人本价值向度的内在要求和现实需要；二是人力资本价值提升是经济发展方式转变的根本动力和真正源泉；三是人力资本价值提升是经济发展方式转变,增强国际竞争力的重要保证。
第二大部分为实证分析和案例考察部分。包括对我国人力资本价值提升状况和经济发展方式转变状况测评的指标体系构建和测评部分、根据测评结果进行的实证分析部分和案例考察部分。本部分首先在参考大量文献和经过专家讨论的基础上,以结构化和层次分解方法构建指标体系。运用构建的指标体系,大量收集整理我国现有数据资源,对我国人力资本价值提升状况和经济发展方式转变状况进行测评,以获得对我国人力资本价值提升和经济发展方式转变状况的较为准确的把握,分析归纳出影响我国经济发展方式转变的各种因素,证明提升人力资本价值对加快经济发展方式转变的必要性和重要性。这也是文章的第三大部分提出针对性的对策建议的基石。接着,运用前文对我国人力资本价值提升状况和经济发展方式转变状况进行测评的数据做统计实证,运用SPSS17.0和Excel对统计数据进行标准化处理和主成分分析。然后将人力资本价值提升指标的3个主成分作为自变量,将经济发展方式转变的3个主成分作为因变量进行回归分析,反映出人力资本价值提升状况与经济发展方式转变程度的动态变化,实证分析检验前文的人力资本价值提升作用于加快经济发展方式转变的理论分析。再接着,对世界经济发展史中先后出现的三个成功实现经济追赶的国家(美、日、韩)依靠其人力资本价值提升实现其经济发展方式转变的实例进行对比分析,并将其所处的背景与中国国情与现实进行比较,分辨出值得借鉴的经验,舍弃与中国实际不符的理论,对影响经济发展方式转变的真正源泉进行深层次挖掘。提出有利于我国经济发展方式转变的启发和借鉴。
本部分的实证分析和案例考察,得出以下主要结论：目前我国的经济发展方式仍属“四高四低”的传统型,而且人力资本价值水平均为解释我国经济发展方式转变状况和国与国之间经济发展差异的重要直接因素,忽视人力资本价值提升的重要性和必要性,不利于我国加快经济发展方式的转变,不利于我国经济的可持续发展和国家之间经济发展水平差异的缩小；进一步加大人力资本价值提升的投资力度,提高人力资本价值存量,提升人力资本价值水平是我国加快经济发展方式转变,实现经济追赶的战略选择；政府应树立科学的人力资本价值观,完善人力资本价值提升的制度安排,保障人力资本价值提升取得实效,以人力资本价值提升为依托加快经济发展方式转变。只有这样,我国才能有效缓解人力资本价值水平供给短缺与加快经济发展方式转变需求旺盛之间的矛盾,从而缩小与发达国家的差距,实现经济赶超。
第三大部分为对策建议部分。基于前文的理论分析、实证研究和案例考察,文章提出了提升人力资本价值,加快经济发展方式转变的对策建议：一是树立科学的人力资本价值观,实施人力资本优先开发战略：树立科学的人力资本价值观,充分认识人力资本价值提升的作用；强化人力资本是首要资本的意识,确立人力资本优先开发战略；强化人力资本投资理念,提高人力资本价值存量。二是完善人力资本价值提升的制度安排,保障人力资本价值提升：完善人力资本产权制度,实现智能资源资本化；完善人力资本的教育培训制度：优化收入分配制度,促进发展成果分配公平；完善人力资本价值的评价制度；完善公共学习环境的管理制度。三是完善与加快经济发展方式转变相适应的人力资本价值提升的管理机制：完善人力资本投资的管理机制；建立与加快经济发展方式转变要求相适应的人力资本配置机制；完善与加快经济发展方式转变要求相适应的人力资本使用机制；构建市场化认可的人力资本价值实现机制；加强人力资本价值提升的软硬件设施建设管理。四是以人力资本价值提升为依托加快经济发展方式转变：大力提升人力资本的智能,推动技术进步；加快人力资本价值积累和结构优化,促进产业结构优化升级；提升人力资本的自主创新能力,加快经济发展方式转变。
Currently, the issue of economics raises the world attention. What's more, the mode of economic development has been paid widespread attention by the countries or areas in transition. In our country, the transformation of economic development is a real problem which is debatable and difficult to decide. Since the official presentation of the transformation of economic development comes out from the government during the period of "the ninth five-year-plan"(full name: the ninth five-year-plan outline for national economic and social development of the People's Republic of China), there are a lot of relevant discussion from Academia and government, they have put forward a number of policies on the issue, many scholars have made a deep study on the factors affecting the transformation of China's economic development and achieved a great success, however, but only a few literature will bring the factor that the enhancement of human capital into the issue. This means that the Study on the issue is of great theoretical significance to make clear what a role the enhancement of human capital plays on the transformation of China's economic development.
From the policy and the practical perspectives, it is given high priority to speeding up the transformation of economic development on the Fifth Plenum of the17th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and12th Five-Year Program for China's Economic and Social Development. While the reality is that China's economic development still mainly relies on the traditional way, commonly known as "4high4low"(full name:high input, high consumption, high emission, high capital, low output, low efficiency, low cycle and low labor costs). Variety of economic and social problems (for example:shortage of resources, ecological destruction and environmental pollution, the gap between rich and poor, etc) caused by traditional mode of economic development has threatened to sustainable development of China's society. It is the objective need to promote the economic development changing from "extension" to "connotation" in order to keep the economics sustained, healthy and coordinated. Under the three constraints of resource, environment and market, the vitality for transformation of economic development comes from "mining" soft power, namely, enhancing the value of human capital. Since the adoption of reform and opening-up policy, the rapid growth of economy and the great enhance of labor productivity have accumulated abundant Material capital. However, on the other hand, there are still a lot of problems unresolved, such as the human capital doesn't play its full positive role:the distortion of the costs and benefits for the investment of human capital, the lack of total education investment in human capital, unreasonable structure, the rigid employment system and the lack of human resource flow mechanism, serious explicit and hidden unemployment, the fact that "brain drain" caused massive loss of human capital and low innovation capacity, ect. The essence of these problems is the enhancement of human capital and the mode of economic development. This article focuses on the value of human capital which is the key factor in the transformation of economic development to study the function mechanism how the enhancement of human capital influences the transformation of economic development, and the need for the enhancement of human capital, to construct the new framework that can speed up the transformation of economic development, to proposes policies which take the promoting of human capital as the fundamental power and the true source of transformation of economic development, all of these above play a important guiding role,make practical value for speeding up the transformation of the economic development, take a new road to industrialization, and implement economy overtakes.
This paper takes the modern economics basic theory as a guide, from the view of system theory, it gets new system economics, development economics, sustainable development theory, human capital investment and, economic growth theory, human capital development and management theory together. What's more this paper is based on the theoretical analysis, empirical analysis and case analysis, with theoretical analysis as the foundation, the empirical analysis as the key point, case analysis as the supplement. In order to puts forward the referential views and suggestions how to speed up the mode transformation of economic development under the background of China's economic transformation, the author make use of the analytic hierarchy process, the econometric analysis method, the dynamic analysis method, normative and empirical analysis method, quantitative and qualitative method, combining analysis method and comparative analysis method to study the mechanism and action of the enhancement of the human capital influencing the transformation of economic development. The main content is divided into three parts:
The first part is the theoretical analysis, including the theory summary and the theoretical relationship analysis between the enhancement of human capital and the transformation of economic development. On the basis of the discrimination of relevant concepts and the relationships between the enhancement of human capital and the transformation of the economic development, the author combs out and sums up relevant research on the issue. Moreover, the author has a further discussion on the future research in this area, to which is worth to pay close attention. Then the author analyzes the interaction, function mechanism and mode of action that the improvement of the human capital speeds up the transformation of economic development. Putting forward the following analysis and the basic views:in the first place, the enhancement of human capital are inner requirements and the actual needs to speed up the transformation of economic development; secondly, the enhancement of human capital is the basic power and the real source to accelerate the transformation of economic development; furthermore, the enhancement of human capital is the important guarantee to accelerate the transformation of economic development and the enhancement of the international competitiveness.
The second part is empirical analysis and case investigation mostly, including system of indicators' construction and evaluation, which is about the enhancement of human capital, the transformation of economic development, and part of the empirical analysis and case study according to the measurement. Firstly, on the basis of a large number of documents and reference discussed by experts, we use structured and hierarchical decomposition method to construct the system of indicators. Depending on this system of indicators, we collect and analysis a lot of our existing data resources, evaluate the human capital value status and the transformation of economic development mode. Using the system of indicators constructed, and collecting existing data resources to measure the situation of the improvement of human capital and the transformation of economic development can understand the situation of the value of human capital and the transformation of economic development, and analysis the various factors which works on accelerating the transformation of China's economic development. A fact will be proved that the improvement of the value of human capital is very necessary and important to speed up the transformation of economic development. That is also the foundation for countermeasures and suggestions proposed in the third part of this article. Then, the article applies the measured data about the improvement of the value of human capital and the transformation of economic development to statistical and empirical study, and uses SPSS17.0and Excel to standardize statistics and analyses principal component. And then, we choose the three principal components indicators which enhanced the human capital value as independent variables, the three principal components of economic development pattern as dependent variables to do regression analysis, reflecting the dynamic changes between human capital value improvement and the degree of economic development mode change. The empirical analysis inspects the above theory analysis on human capital value improvement accelerating the transformation of economic development mode. Moreover, the article comparative analysis the example of three countries (America, Japan, Korea),which successful realize economic pursue in the world economic development history, realize their economic development mode change relying on its human capital value upgrade, and makes a comparison between their background and China's national conditions, distinguishing the worthy learning experience and abandoning Chinese actual discrepancy theory, and deep dig the true source of impacting economic development mode change. Last but not least, this essay puts forward inspiration and reference which is helpful for China to accelerate the transformation of economic development.
This part is the empirical analysis and case study, from which we can conclude that our country's economic development is still in the "four-high-four-low" traditional mode at present, and the levels of human capital value are important and direct factors to explain the converting condition of our country's economic development mode and the economic differences between different countries. Ignoring the importance and necessity of upgrading the level does no good to accelerate the transformation of our country's economic development mode, the sustainable development of economy, and narrow the economic development level between different countries. Only by further to enhance the investment of elevating the value of human capital, increasing the stock of the value of human capital, building up the scientific human capital values, improving the system arrangement of the value of human capital, ensuring to acquire the real enhancement of the value of human capital, speeding up the economic development relying on mode changing of the value of human capital can we achieve the catch-up strategic choice of economy, relieve the contradiction between the short supply of the level of human capital value and the strong demand of accelerating the shift of the economic development mode, and narrow the gap with the developed countries, in the end, realize the economic catching-up.
The third part is about countermeasures. Based on the above theory analysis, empirical research and case studies, the article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions about improving the human capital value and accelerating the economic development mode change:firstly building up the scientific human capital values and implementing preferential develop human capital strategy:setting scientific human capital values, we should fully understand the role of the enhance of human capital value; strengthening the consciousness of human capital is the first capital, establish the strategy of human capital preferential development strategy; strengthening the concept of human capital investment, and increasing the value of human capital stock. Second, improving the system arrangement of human capital value enhancement, safeguarding human capital value upgrade:perfecting the human capital property right system to realize the intelligent resource capitalization; perfecting manpower capital education and training system; optimizing income allocation system to promote the fair distribution of development achievements; improving the human capital value assessment system; improving the management system on public learning environment. Third, perfecting the human capital value upgrade management mechanism which is adapted to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode:perfecting manpower capital investment management mechanism; establishing the human capital allocation mechanism which is adapted to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode; improving the human capital using mechanism which is adapted to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode; constructing human capital value realization mechanism which is accepted by market; strengthening the software and hardware facilities construction management which is helpful for enhancing the value of human capital. Fourth, accelerating the transformation of economic development mode according to enhance human capital value:in order to promote technological progress, we should make great efforts to enhance human capital intelligence; accelerating human capital value's accumulation and structural optimization to promote the upgrading of the industrial structure; ascending human capital's ability of independent innovation to speed up the transformation of economic development.
引文
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