异向介质特性及应用研究
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摘要
左手材料(1eft—handed material,LHM)是介电常数和磁导率同时为负的人工结构材料。由于电磁波传播相速度和群速度方向相反,左手材料表现出一系列反常的电磁特性,如Doppler效应, Chcrenkov辐射, Goos.Hiinchen位移,负折射效应和完美透镜效应。LHM是目前物理学也是电磁学研究领域的前沿与热点。
本文在左手材料理论基础上对混合左右手(CRLH)传输线进行了研究,提出了利用电场峰值直观观察其相位参数β的可实施性。并在单频带单左手传输线基础上,利用新型双不对称矩形贴片结构实现了双左手双频带传输线。基于左手传输线理论,本文对漏波天线进行了分析,从理论上证明CRLH传输线可以用来设计微带漏波天线。通过将传统左手传输线与双左手新型传输线应用于漏波天线,并进行对比分析,发现当利用本文设计的双左手频带微带设计漏波天线时,扫描波束方向与传统漏波天线不同,其近似可以实现在宽频带的定向边射辐射,从而展宽了漏波天线的应用。
在本论文最后一章则针对目前比较热门的RA天线进行了分析,将RA天线与LWA天线进行了比较研究。当天线周期结构足够多时,RA天线可以近似理解为LWA天线。通过RA天线特性分析仿真,指出了频率独立性在增强天线方向性方面的应用,及其由于n=-1,n=+1模式的存在,存在的多频带特性。从而为RA天线的实际应用提供了广阔前景。
Left-handed material (LHM) is artificial composite materials with negative permittivity and permeability. With phase velocity and group velocity in the opposite direction, it shows a series of magnetic anomalies Characteristics, such as Doppler-Effect Cherenkov radiation, Goos-Hiinchen displacement, negative refraction and perfect lensing. LHM is the front and the hot issue of the electromagnetic field. This paper studies the theory of CRLH transmission line, and analyzes its structure principle. On the basis of the traditional left-handed transmission line, we get that parameterβcan be visual observed with the peak of electric field. With double asymmetric rectangular patch structure, a new dual-band left-handed transmission line get achieved
Based on the theory of Left-handed transmission line, leaky wave antenna is analyzed theoretically. We get that CRLH transmission line structure can be used to design leaky wave antenna. Compared leaky wave antenna of signle left-handed with two left-handed transmission line, it can know that edge emitting radiation can be got.
In the last chapter of this paper, the popular RA-antenna is analyzed. RA antenna can be approximately interpreted as LWA-antenna when the periodic structures are enough. By the RA-antenna analysis and simulation, We can know that the frequency independence of RA-antenna can be used in enhancing the directional of antennas. Because of the existence of n =-1, n = +1 mode, the RA-antenna have multi-band characteristic. All those provide a broad prospect for the practical application of RA- antenna.
本文在左手材料理论基础上对混合左右手(CRLH)传输线进行了研究,提出了利用电场峰值直观观察其相位参数β的可实施性。并在单频带单左手传输线基础上,利用新型双不对称矩形贴片结构实现了双左手双频带传输线。基于左手传输线理论,本文对漏波天线进行了分析,从理论上证明CRLH传输线可以用来设计微带漏波天线。通过将传统左手传输线与双左手新型传输线应用于漏波天线,并进行对比分析,发现当利用本文设计的双左手频带微带设计漏波天线时,扫描波束方向与传统漏波天线不同,其近似可以实现在宽频带的定向边射辐射,从而展宽了漏波天线的应用。
在本论文最后一章则针对目前比较热门的RA天线进行了分析,将RA天线与LWA天线进行了比较研究。当天线周期结构足够多时,RA天线可以近似理解为LWA天线。通过RA天线特性分析仿真,指出了频率独立性在增强天线方向性方面的应用,及其由于n=-1,n=+1模式的存在,存在的多频带特性。从而为RA天线的实际应用提供了广阔前景。
Left-handed material (LHM) is artificial composite materials with negative permittivity and permeability. With phase velocity and group velocity in the opposite direction, it shows a series of magnetic anomalies Characteristics, such as Doppler-Effect Cherenkov radiation, Goos-Hiinchen displacement, negative refraction and perfect lensing. LHM is the front and the hot issue of the electromagnetic field. This paper studies the theory of CRLH transmission line, and analyzes its structure principle. On the basis of the traditional left-handed transmission line, we get that parameterβcan be visual observed with the peak of electric field. With double asymmetric rectangular patch structure, a new dual-band left-handed transmission line get achieved
Based on the theory of Left-handed transmission line, leaky wave antenna is analyzed theoretically. We get that CRLH transmission line structure can be used to design leaky wave antenna. Compared leaky wave antenna of signle left-handed with two left-handed transmission line, it can know that edge emitting radiation can be got.
In the last chapter of this paper, the popular RA-antenna is analyzed. RA antenna can be approximately interpreted as LWA-antenna when the periodic structures are enough. By the RA-antenna analysis and simulation, We can know that the frequency independence of RA-antenna can be used in enhancing the directional of antennas. Because of the existence of n =-1, n = +1 mode, the RA-antenna have multi-band characteristic. All those provide a broad prospect for the practical application of RA- antenna.
引文
[1] J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47, 2075 ~1999.2004.
[2] D. R. Smith and S. Schultz. Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of met material from re?ection and transmission coefficients. Physical review. volume , 65, 195104.2004.
[3]严巍.异向介质的理论研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 05.01.2007.
[4]张海飞.异向介质理论和应用研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 05.15.2007.
[5]孟繁义,吴群,吴健. 117—217GHz宽频带小单元异向介质设计及其介质参数提取.物理学报,V01.55,No.5,May,2006.
[6]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安电子科技大学出版社. 2004.
[7]冯恩信.电磁场与波.西安交通大学出版社. 2004.
[8]中国集成电路大全编委会.中国集成电路大全.北京:国防工业出版社. 1985
[9]陈文焕.基于左手材料的微带漏波天线的研究.中山大学硕士学位论文2007.05.08.
[10]陈红胜.异向介质等效电路理论及实验的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 07.01.2007.
[11]李雁.左手传输线在新型天线设计中的应用.中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文. 05.01.2007.
[12] Christophe Caloz, and Tatsuo Itoh. Invited - Novel Microwave Devices and Structures Based on the Transmission Line Approach of Meta-Materials. Electrical Engineering Department, University of Califomia, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
[13] Sungjoon Lim, Student Member. Electronically Scanned Composite Right/Left Handed Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 14, NO. 6, JUNE 2004.
[14] Christophe Caloz, Member. A Novel Composite Right-/Left-Handed Coupled-Line Directional Coupler With Arbitrary Coupling Level and Broad Bandwidth. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 52, NO. 3, MARCH 2004.
[15] Christophe Caloz. Array Factor Approach of Leaky-Wave Antennas and Application to 1-D/2-D Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) Structures. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 14, NO. 6, JUNE 2004.
[16] T. Hand and S. Cummer,“Characterization of tunable metamaterial elements using MEMS switches,”IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett, vol. 6, pp. 401–404, 2007.
[17] J.M. Kim, J.H. Park, C.W.Baek, and Y.K. Kim,“The SiOG-based single-crystalline silicon (SCS) RF MEMS switch with uniform characteristics,”J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1036–1042, Dec. 2004.
[18]郑晴,赵晓鹏,付全红,赵乾,康雷,李明明.左手材料的反射特性与负折射率行为.物理学报.第54卷第12期12月2005年.
[19]应莹,李嫒,栗换彩.缺陷接地结构的滤波特性研究.电子测量技术,V01.29,No.6,Dec.2006.
[20]武明峰,孟繁义,吴群,吴健.基于DGS和双层SRRs结构的左手介质微带线的设计.物理学报,V01.55,No.11,November,2006.
[21]李超,李芳.左手材料及其微波应用.北京石油化工学院学报, 2006.12,V01.85,No.18.
[22]刘亚红,左手材料基本特性及其在微带天线中应用研究.西安,西北工业大学硕士论文. 3.2006.
[23]陈兵辉.基于微带结构的双左手频带左手材料的研究.南京邮电大学硕士学位论文,04.01.2009.
[24]李元新.定频波束可调微带漏波天线的研究.中山大学博士论文,2006.
[25] D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 ~2000.
[26] D.R.Smith, D.C.Vier, Th.Koschny, C.M.Soukoulis. Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW E 71, 036617 s2005d.
[27] T.Weiland and R.Schuhmann. Ab initio numerical simulation of left-handed metamaterials: Comparison of calculations and experiments. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 15 NOVEMBER 2001
[28] David R. Smith. Calculation and measurement of bianisotropy in a split ring resonator metamaterial. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 100, 024507 2006.
[29]宋铮,张建华,黄治.天线与电波传播.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2003
[30] John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marheflka著,章文勋译.天线.电子工业出版社(第三版), 2004
[31] Atsushi Sanada, Member. Characteristics of the Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Lines. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 14, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2004.
[32] C. Caloz, T. Itoh. Application of Transmission Line Theory of Left- handed (LH) Materials to The Realization of a Microstrip“LH -line“. vol. 2, pp. 412-415, Aug. 2002.
[33] V.G.Veselago,“The electrodynamics of substances with simultane ously negative values”, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 509–514, Jan.–Feb. 1968.
[34] A.Sanada, C.Caloz, and T.Itoh,“2-D distributed meta-structures with negative refractive properties,”in IEEE-APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1, p. 4.10, June, 2003.
[35] Francisco Javier Herraiz-Martínez, Vicente González-Posadas, Fernando I?igo-Villacorta, and Daniel Segovia-Vargas. Low-Cost Approach Based on an Eigenfrequency Method to Obtain the Dispersion Diagram in CRLH Structures. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 2007.
[36] N. Enghetta and R.W. Ziolkowsky, Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations. New York: Wiley, 2006.
[37] W. Menzel,“A new-traveling wave antenna in microstrip,”Arch. Elektron. Uebertrag. Tech, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 137–140, Apr. 1979.
[38] D.K.Reynolds and W.S.Lucke,“Corrugated endfire antennas,”in Proc. Nat. Electronics Conf. pp. 16–28, vol 6, Sept. 1950.
[39] C.Caloz and T.toh,“Novel microwave devices and structures based on the transmission line approach of meta-materials,”in IEEE MTT-S Int. Symp. Dig, pp. 195–198, June 2003.
[40] A.Sanada, A. Caloz, and T. Itoh,“Planar distributed structures with negative refractive index,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 52, pp. 1252–1263, Apr. 2004.
[41] R. E. Collin, Field Theory of Guided Waves. New York: IEEE Press, 1991.
[42] C. Caloz, A.Sanada, K.Allen, and T. Itoh,“Anovel composite right/left handed textured radiative surface,”in Proc. Progress Electromagnetics Research Symp. (PIERS), Waikiki, HI, p. 201. Oct. 2003.
[43] A.Sanada, C.Caloz, and T.Itoh,“Characteristics of the composite right/left-handed transmission lines,”IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon. Lett, vol. 14, pp. 68–70, Feb. 2004.
[44] A. Lai, T. Itoh, and C. Caloz,“Composite right-handed transmission line metamaterials,”IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 34–50, Sep. 2004.
[45] S. Lim, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh,“Metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission line structure as a novel leaky-wave antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth,”IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2678–2690, Dec. 2004.
[46] D. Kuylenstierna, A. Vorobiev, P. Linner, and S. Gevorgian,“Composite right/left handed transmission line phase shifter using ferroelectric varactors,”IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 167–169, Apr. 2006.
[2] D. R. Smith and S. Schultz. Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of met material from re?ection and transmission coefficients. Physical review. volume , 65, 195104.2004.
[3]严巍.异向介质的理论研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 05.01.2007.
[4]张海飞.异向介质理论和应用研究.浙江大学硕士学位论文. 05.15.2007.
[5]孟繁义,吴群,吴健. 117—217GHz宽频带小单元异向介质设计及其介质参数提取.物理学报,V01.55,No.5,May,2006.
[6]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安电子科技大学出版社. 2004.
[7]冯恩信.电磁场与波.西安交通大学出版社. 2004.
[8]中国集成电路大全编委会.中国集成电路大全.北京:国防工业出版社. 1985
[9]陈文焕.基于左手材料的微带漏波天线的研究.中山大学硕士学位论文2007.05.08.
[10]陈红胜.异向介质等效电路理论及实验的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 07.01.2007.
[11]李雁.左手传输线在新型天线设计中的应用.中国科学技术大学硕士学位论文. 05.01.2007.
[12] Christophe Caloz, and Tatsuo Itoh. Invited - Novel Microwave Devices and Structures Based on the Transmission Line Approach of Meta-Materials. Electrical Engineering Department, University of Califomia, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
[13] Sungjoon Lim, Student Member. Electronically Scanned Composite Right/Left Handed Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 14, NO. 6, JUNE 2004.
[14] Christophe Caloz, Member. A Novel Composite Right-/Left-Handed Coupled-Line Directional Coupler With Arbitrary Coupling Level and Broad Bandwidth. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 52, NO. 3, MARCH 2004.
[15] Christophe Caloz. Array Factor Approach of Leaky-Wave Antennas and Application to 1-D/2-D Composite Right/Left-Handed (CRLH) Structures. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 14, NO. 6, JUNE 2004.
[16] T. Hand and S. Cummer,“Characterization of tunable metamaterial elements using MEMS switches,”IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett, vol. 6, pp. 401–404, 2007.
[17] J.M. Kim, J.H. Park, C.W.Baek, and Y.K. Kim,“The SiOG-based single-crystalline silicon (SCS) RF MEMS switch with uniform characteristics,”J. Microelectromech. Syst., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1036–1042, Dec. 2004.
[18]郑晴,赵晓鹏,付全红,赵乾,康雷,李明明.左手材料的反射特性与负折射率行为.物理学报.第54卷第12期12月2005年.
[19]应莹,李嫒,栗换彩.缺陷接地结构的滤波特性研究.电子测量技术,V01.29,No.6,Dec.2006.
[20]武明峰,孟繁义,吴群,吴健.基于DGS和双层SRRs结构的左手介质微带线的设计.物理学报,V01.55,No.11,November,2006.
[21]李超,李芳.左手材料及其微波应用.北京石油化工学院学报, 2006.12,V01.85,No.18.
[22]刘亚红,左手材料基本特性及其在微带天线中应用研究.西安,西北工业大学硕士论文. 3.2006.
[23]陈兵辉.基于微带结构的双左手频带左手材料的研究.南京邮电大学硕士学位论文,04.01.2009.
[24]李元新.定频波束可调微带漏波天线的研究.中山大学博士论文,2006.
[25] D. R. Smith, W. J. Padilla, D. C. Vier, S. C. Nemat-Nasser, and S. Schultz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4184 ~2000.
[26] D.R.Smith, D.C.Vier, Th.Koschny, C.M.Soukoulis. Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW E 71, 036617 s2005d.
[27] T.Weiland and R.Schuhmann. Ab initio numerical simulation of left-handed metamaterials: Comparison of calculations and experiments. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS, 15 NOVEMBER 2001
[28] David R. Smith. Calculation and measurement of bianisotropy in a split ring resonator metamaterial. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 100, 024507 2006.
[29]宋铮,张建华,黄治.天线与电波传播.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2003
[30] John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marheflka著,章文勋译.天线.电子工业出版社(第三版), 2004
[31] Atsushi Sanada, Member. Characteristics of the Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Lines. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 14, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2004.
[32] C. Caloz, T. Itoh. Application of Transmission Line Theory of Left- handed (LH) Materials to The Realization of a Microstrip“LH -line“. vol. 2, pp. 412-415, Aug. 2002.
[33] V.G.Veselago,“The electrodynamics of substances with simultane ously negative values”, Sov. Phys. Uspekhi, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 509–514, Jan.–Feb. 1968.
[34] A.Sanada, C.Caloz, and T.Itoh,“2-D distributed meta-structures with negative refractive properties,”in IEEE-APS Int. Symp. Dig., vol. 1, p. 4.10, June, 2003.
[35] Francisco Javier Herraiz-Martínez, Vicente González-Posadas, Fernando I?igo-Villacorta, and Daniel Segovia-Vargas. Low-Cost Approach Based on an Eigenfrequency Method to Obtain the Dispersion Diagram in CRLH Structures. IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS, VOL. 17, NO. 1, JANUARY 2007.
[36] N. Enghetta and R.W. Ziolkowsky, Metamaterials: Physics and Engineering Explorations. New York: Wiley, 2006.
[37] W. Menzel,“A new-traveling wave antenna in microstrip,”Arch. Elektron. Uebertrag. Tech, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 137–140, Apr. 1979.
[38] D.K.Reynolds and W.S.Lucke,“Corrugated endfire antennas,”in Proc. Nat. Electronics Conf. pp. 16–28, vol 6, Sept. 1950.
[39] C.Caloz and T.toh,“Novel microwave devices and structures based on the transmission line approach of meta-materials,”in IEEE MTT-S Int. Symp. Dig, pp. 195–198, June 2003.
[40] A.Sanada, A. Caloz, and T. Itoh,“Planar distributed structures with negative refractive index,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech, vol. 52, pp. 1252–1263, Apr. 2004.
[41] R. E. Collin, Field Theory of Guided Waves. New York: IEEE Press, 1991.
[42] C. Caloz, A.Sanada, K.Allen, and T. Itoh,“Anovel composite right/left handed textured radiative surface,”in Proc. Progress Electromagnetics Research Symp. (PIERS), Waikiki, HI, p. 201. Oct. 2003.
[43] A.Sanada, C.Caloz, and T.Itoh,“Characteristics of the composite right/left-handed transmission lines,”IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon. Lett, vol. 14, pp. 68–70, Feb. 2004.
[44] A. Lai, T. Itoh, and C. Caloz,“Composite right-handed transmission line metamaterials,”IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 34–50, Sep. 2004.
[45] S. Lim, C. Caloz, and T. Itoh,“Metamaterial-based electronically controlled transmission line structure as a novel leaky-wave antenna with tunable radiation angle and beamwidth,”IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 2678–2690, Dec. 2004.
[46] D. Kuylenstierna, A. Vorobiev, P. Linner, and S. Gevorgian,“Composite right/left handed transmission line phase shifter using ferroelectric varactors,”IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 167–169, Apr. 2006.