基于表情识别技术的情感计算在现代远程教育中的应用研究
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摘要
现代远程教育是二十世纪八十年代以来国际教育发展的重要趋势,是实现教育信息化和国际化的重要途径,尽管现代远程教育在教育模式和教育观念上引发了一场深刻的变革,其依托的技术和手段都非常先进,但是在理念定位、网络体系和双向交互等方面还存在着不足;特别是在双向交互上,现代远程教育的时空分离使得学习者无法满足情感的交流而存在情感缺失,这会影响学生的认知学习甚至心理健康,因此,情感补偿对于保障现代远程教育的教学质量和提高现代远程教育的教学效果具有重要的意义。
情感计算是近几年来信息科学、认知科学和心理科学研究的热点,它以人类情绪和情感理论为基础,以情感机理、情感信息的获取、情感模式识别、情感建模与理解、情感合成与表达、情感传递与交流等为研究内容,以赋予计算机类似于人的情感能力为最终目标。
人脸表情识别是对人脸的表情信息进行特征提取分析,按照人的认识和思维方式加以归类和理解,利用人类情感方面的先验知识使计算机进行思考及推理,进而去分析和理解人的情绪和情感,它是情感计算的一个研究领域,也是情感计算的发展方向。
针对现代远程教育的情感缺失,在天津市重点科技攻关项目(04310731R)——“和谐人机交互系统中情感计算的理论与技术”的研究背景下,本文探索性地设计并提出了一种基于人脸表情识别的情感计算模型(ACMBER),它以情感计算为理论基础,以人脸面部表情识别为核心技术,通过捕捉和识别学习者的表情,判断和理解其情绪状态,然后根据学习者特定的情绪状态给出相应的情感鼓励或情感补偿策略。ACMBER促进了人机和谐交互,从一定程度上补偿了现代远程教育缺失的情感,为解决现代远程教育的情感缺失并实现和谐人机情感交互做出了有益的基础性工作。
Modern distance education is important direction of the international education development since 1980s, it is a primary approach to realize information education and education internationalization, though modern distance education arouses a profound revolution in educational model and educational conception, moreover, the technologies and instruments on which it relied are advanced, yet it exists some shortcoming in several aspects, such as: notion orientation, network system and alternation etc, especially in alternation aspect, the space-time separate of modern distance education has learners could not satisfy their need in emotion communion, so emotion is absent. These absence badly influences learner's cognitive learning and mental health. Therefore, compensating emotion has most important significance for ensuring instructional quality and improving instructional effect of modern distance education.Affective computing is a hotspot problem in information science, cognition science and psychology studies, it bases on human being's emotion and affection, studies emotion mechanism, affective signal capturing, affective mode recognizing, emotion modeling and comprehending, emotion synthesizing and expressing, emotion transferring and alternating, and so on. Its final aim is endowing computer with the affective ability similarly with human beings.Facial expression recognition(FER) means distills and analyzes facial expression information of human, classifies and comprehends according to human's cognition and thinking manners, makes computer thinking and reasoning by using transcendent knowledge about human's emotion, then analyzes and comprehends human's emotion, it is a research field and development direction of affective computing.Contraposing emotion absence in modern distance education, and under the research background of Affective Computing theory and technology in Harmonious HCI which is supported by TianJin Science and Technology Tackle Key Item(04310731R), this paperexploringly designs and puts forward ACMBER--an Affective Computing Model Based on
情感计算是近几年来信息科学、认知科学和心理科学研究的热点,它以人类情绪和情感理论为基础,以情感机理、情感信息的获取、情感模式识别、情感建模与理解、情感合成与表达、情感传递与交流等为研究内容,以赋予计算机类似于人的情感能力为最终目标。
人脸表情识别是对人脸的表情信息进行特征提取分析,按照人的认识和思维方式加以归类和理解,利用人类情感方面的先验知识使计算机进行思考及推理,进而去分析和理解人的情绪和情感,它是情感计算的一个研究领域,也是情感计算的发展方向。
针对现代远程教育的情感缺失,在天津市重点科技攻关项目(04310731R)——“和谐人机交互系统中情感计算的理论与技术”的研究背景下,本文探索性地设计并提出了一种基于人脸表情识别的情感计算模型(ACMBER),它以情感计算为理论基础,以人脸面部表情识别为核心技术,通过捕捉和识别学习者的表情,判断和理解其情绪状态,然后根据学习者特定的情绪状态给出相应的情感鼓励或情感补偿策略。ACMBER促进了人机和谐交互,从一定程度上补偿了现代远程教育缺失的情感,为解决现代远程教育的情感缺失并实现和谐人机情感交互做出了有益的基础性工作。
Modern distance education is important direction of the international education development since 1980s, it is a primary approach to realize information education and education internationalization, though modern distance education arouses a profound revolution in educational model and educational conception, moreover, the technologies and instruments on which it relied are advanced, yet it exists some shortcoming in several aspects, such as: notion orientation, network system and alternation etc, especially in alternation aspect, the space-time separate of modern distance education has learners could not satisfy their need in emotion communion, so emotion is absent. These absence badly influences learner's cognitive learning and mental health. Therefore, compensating emotion has most important significance for ensuring instructional quality and improving instructional effect of modern distance education.Affective computing is a hotspot problem in information science, cognition science and psychology studies, it bases on human being's emotion and affection, studies emotion mechanism, affective signal capturing, affective mode recognizing, emotion modeling and comprehending, emotion synthesizing and expressing, emotion transferring and alternating, and so on. Its final aim is endowing computer with the affective ability similarly with human beings.Facial expression recognition(FER) means distills and analyzes facial expression information of human, classifies and comprehends according to human's cognition and thinking manners, makes computer thinking and reasoning by using transcendent knowledge about human's emotion, then analyzes and comprehends human's emotion, it is a research field and development direction of affective computing.Contraposing emotion absence in modern distance education, and under the research background of Affective Computing theory and technology in Harmonious HCI which is supported by TianJin Science and Technology Tackle Key Item(04310731R), this paperexploringly designs and puts forward ACMBER--an Affective Computing Model Based on
引文
[1] 德斯蒙德·基更著,丁新等译,远程教育基础,北京,中央电大出版社,1998;
[2] 丁兴富,远程教育的微观理论,中国远程教育,2001.2;
[3] 刘景福、钟志贤,网络教育的情感缺失现状及其对策,中国网络教育 2001.6;
[4] 王济军、阴山燕,现代远程教育的情感缺失及其补偿策略,中国远程教育,2005.3;
[5] 阴国恩、梁福成、白学军,普通心理学,南开大学出版社,1989.1;
[6] 张春兴,现代心理学,上海,上海人民出版社,1994;
[7] 胡德辉、叶奕乾、杨治良,现代心理学,郑州,河南教育出版社,1989;
[8] 孟昭兰,人类情绪,上海,上海人民出版社,1989.6;
[9] 斯托曼(张云燕译),情绪心理学,沈阳,辽宁出版社,1985;
[10] Picard R W, Computers that Recognise and Respond to User Emotion: Theoretical and Practical Implications, MIT Media Lab Tech Report, 1995;
[11] Damasio A R, Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain ,Gosset/Putnam Press, New York, NY, 1994;
[12] Minsky M, The Society of Mind, Simon @ Schuster, New York, NY, 1985;
[13] 罗森林、潘丽敏,情感计算理论与技术,系统工程与电子技术,2003.07;
[14] Picard R W, Affective Computing, MIT Press, London, English, 1997;
[15] 傅小兰,人机交互中的情感计算,计算机世界,2004.05;
[16] 王志良,人工心理学——关于更接近人脑工作模式的科学,北京科技大学学报,2000.10,P478-481;
[17] 陶建华、谭铁牛,数字化人类情感——和谐人机交互环境中的情感计算,微电脑世界,2003.12;
[18] 陈锋军,用于情感机器人的表情识别技术研究,硕士论文,北京科技大学,2003.01;
[19] 王志良,陈锋军,薛为民.人脸表情识别方法综述.计算机应用与软件,2003,21,P8;
[20] 薛为民,基于计算机视觉的情感虚拟人交互技术研究,博士论文,北京科技大学,2003.4
[21] 辛威,人脸表情自动识别方法的研究,硕士学位论文,西安理工大学,2004.03;
[22] 金辉,人脸面部表情编码、分析、识别的研究与实现,博士学位论文,哈尔滨工业大学,2000.3;
[23] 孟昭兰,为什么面部表情可以作为情绪研究的客观指标,心理学报,1987,19,P124-134;
[24] Paul Ekman, Wallace V Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, California: Consulting Psychologists Press Inc, 1978;
[25] 王进,基于视频的表情建模,博士学位论文,浙江大学,2003.6;
[26] 艾海舟,梁路宏,徐光佑等,基于肤色和模板的人脸检测,软件学报,2001.12,P1784—1792;
[27] 贾文晋,人脸检测与基于Web的面部特征信息处理相关技术研究,硕士学位论文,北京科技大
[2] 丁兴富,远程教育的微观理论,中国远程教育,2001.2;
[3] 刘景福、钟志贤,网络教育的情感缺失现状及其对策,中国网络教育 2001.6;
[4] 王济军、阴山燕,现代远程教育的情感缺失及其补偿策略,中国远程教育,2005.3;
[5] 阴国恩、梁福成、白学军,普通心理学,南开大学出版社,1989.1;
[6] 张春兴,现代心理学,上海,上海人民出版社,1994;
[7] 胡德辉、叶奕乾、杨治良,现代心理学,郑州,河南教育出版社,1989;
[8] 孟昭兰,人类情绪,上海,上海人民出版社,1989.6;
[9] 斯托曼(张云燕译),情绪心理学,沈阳,辽宁出版社,1985;
[10] Picard R W, Computers that Recognise and Respond to User Emotion: Theoretical and Practical Implications, MIT Media Lab Tech Report, 1995;
[11] Damasio A R, Descartes Error: Emotion, Reason and the Human Brain ,Gosset/Putnam Press, New York, NY, 1994;
[12] Minsky M, The Society of Mind, Simon @ Schuster, New York, NY, 1985;
[13] 罗森林、潘丽敏,情感计算理论与技术,系统工程与电子技术,2003.07;
[14] Picard R W, Affective Computing, MIT Press, London, English, 1997;
[15] 傅小兰,人机交互中的情感计算,计算机世界,2004.05;
[16] 王志良,人工心理学——关于更接近人脑工作模式的科学,北京科技大学学报,2000.10,P478-481;
[17] 陶建华、谭铁牛,数字化人类情感——和谐人机交互环境中的情感计算,微电脑世界,2003.12;
[18] 陈锋军,用于情感机器人的表情识别技术研究,硕士论文,北京科技大学,2003.01;
[19] 王志良,陈锋军,薛为民.人脸表情识别方法综述.计算机应用与软件,2003,21,P8;
[20] 薛为民,基于计算机视觉的情感虚拟人交互技术研究,博士论文,北京科技大学,2003.4
[21] 辛威,人脸表情自动识别方法的研究,硕士学位论文,西安理工大学,2004.03;
[22] 金辉,人脸面部表情编码、分析、识别的研究与实现,博士学位论文,哈尔滨工业大学,2000.3;
[23] 孟昭兰,为什么面部表情可以作为情绪研究的客观指标,心理学报,1987,19,P124-134;
[24] Paul Ekman, Wallace V Friesen, Facial Action Coding System, California: Consulting Psychologists Press Inc, 1978;
[25] 王进,基于视频的表情建模,博士学位论文,浙江大学,2003.6;
[26] 艾海舟,梁路宏,徐光佑等,基于肤色和模板的人脸检测,软件学报,2001.12,P1784—1792;
[27] 贾文晋,人脸检测与基于Web的面部特征信息处理相关技术研究,硕士学位论文,北京科技大