城市电网故障诊断和保护灵敏度在线校验
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摘要
本论文所完成的工作是依托《城市高压电网运行智能决策支持系统》而完成的，所做的工作受到河南省科技攻关项目资助。根据电力运行部门的实际需求，在理论分析研究的基础上，充分利用城市电网无人值班变电站控制中心SCADA系统的数据资源，开发了城市电网故障诊断系统模块和基于实时和仿真拓扑结构的保护灵敏度在线校验模块。该系统为运行人员提供了一种在线进行故障诊断的方法以及在线对保护灵敏度进行监测的手段。主要完成了以下几方面的工作：
在城市电网故障诊断系统模块中，根据不同的功能需要，将数据库分为实时数据库和关系数据库这两种类型，并在此基础上设计了一种高效、迅捷、灵活的数据库支持系统。此外，为了便于更好地进行保护信息的综合管理，减轻运行人员的负担，基于数据库支持系统开发了保护信息数据库管理系统软件，其具有易维护、界面友好的特点。
通过SCADA系统所收集到的实时数据信息常常有着或多或少的缺陷，就需要在诊断前对实时信息进行适当的处理。本文在深入研究决策系统接收到的实时数据信息特点后，针对不同的情形进行不同的处理，它们是：对故障前后信息及故障时跳闸开关信息的确定、实时开关变位信息的预处理、虚拟开关的设立等。从投入现场运行以来，这些处理方法取得了良好的预期效果，提高了故障诊断系统的容错性和抗噪声能力。
在对现场实际接收信息进行分析的基础上，提出三种故障诊断程序启动方法，并根据现场实际情况应该优先选择：当SOE事故信号信息完善时，用SOE事故信号作为启动方法；若SOE事故总信号信息不全，用SOE事故总信号与相应遥信信息相结合的启动方法。此外，通过对重合闸动作机理的探讨，在故障启动中对永久性故障和非永久性故障进行判断，过滤掉非永久性故障的启动可能性。这样就可以有效地减少系统误启动的概率，增强系统的容错性，提高诊断速度。
针对电网发生故障后所表现出分层性的故障征兆信息，提出了一种基于开关和保护动作信息的基础上，利用所取得的故障状态下的部分电气量进一步校验的智能化的故障诊断方法。分析电网故障后表现出的故障征兆信息的层次，将诊断过程分为三层：基于开关动作信息的诊断、基于保护动作信息的诊断以及基于故障状态下的部分电气量进一步校验的诊断。这种方法具有较好的适应性，它既适合于仅有开关动作信息的场合(用于确定故障区域)；也适合于有保护动作信息的场合(用于进一步确定具体的故障元件)；在此基础上，对于可以利用微机保护所
摘要
竺巴巴巴巴里绝里巴旦鱼旦旦旦旦旦
采集的电气量信息的场合，能更进一步确定故障元件。该方法不依赖于具体电力
系统的特征结构，具有较好的通用性。
在基于实时和仿真拓扑结构保护灵敏度在线校验模块中建立了一个高效、迅
捷、灵活、易维护、界面友好的保护灵敏度校验数据库支持系统。其主要内容为
城市电网继电保护的配置、继电保护的整定值、系统基本参数等。同时通过内存
中实时数据库的映射，利用SCADA系统通道向本系统提供实时遥信信息和遥侧
信息。在此基础上开发了面向对象的保护灵敏度校验信息管理软件，减少了对繁
琐信息的处理和管理的工作量，减轻了保护整定工程师的负担。
在对全网保护装置的保护灵敏度进行校验过程中，针对本系统的网络结构特
点以及其功能的需要，本文提出了一种同图形平台相结合的面向对象的图的分区
算法。该方法计算速度快，能够进行网络拓扑的在线快速跟踪，可以满足在线和
仿真拓扑结构分析的要求。
在网络拓扑在线快速跟踪基础上，进行实时结线分析并形成导纳矩阵，同时
将短路计算的理论运用于在线，将获得的在线短路计算的结果同专家系统相结合
进行保护灵敏度的在线校验，最后通过友好的人机交互界面提供整个城市电网全
部投运保护装置的保护灵敏度状况。同时，根据系统可以在线跟踪系统接线方式
变化的功能，在对当前网架结构进行修改的基础之上，实现对任意一种运行方式
的保护灵敏度的仿真计算。
由于确定继电保护定值和校验继电保护灵敏度都首先要进行短路计算，本文
开发了短路计算程序，可以实现对电网的对称短路和不对称短路分别进行在线计
算。该短路计算模块计算速度快，占用系统资源少，是一个比较成熟的短路计算
程序。同时该短路计算程序为开发其他功能模块，如在线电气设备动、热稳定校
验以及设备选择提供了接口。
该系统已经投入实际运行，实践证明各功能模块运行可靠，达到设计要求，
对提高供电可靠性具有积极的实际意义。
Works stated in this thesis are completed with a practical project "Intelligent Decision Supporting System on Urban High Voltage Systems", which are imbursed by the important scientific project in Henan province. According to the combination of theoretical analysis and the actual need of Power Branch, the data resource of SCAD A system under control center based on unmanned substations is fully used to develop the fault diagnosis system and Verification of Relay Protection Sensitivities based on the Topology Configuration of Real-Time and Emulation State system. The system is applied to a means of online fault diagnosing and a measure of real- time monitoring relay protection sensitivities. And following works have been illustrated.
In the works, database system divided into real-time database and relational database is established for different functions. On the basis of the databases, a programme is empoldered in order to better synthetically manage the relay information and lighten the burden of operators, besides an efficient, speedy, flexible database supporting system is established.
Because there are more or less limitations in the real-time data collected through SCADA system, the information must be deal with properly before using them. Through researching these characteristics of real-time data received deeply, some good measures are put forward and accepted to improve the fault-tolerance performance of the fault diagnosis system in the thesis, such as advance disposing of real-time switch information and instauration of dummy switch etc.
Based on the data information received, three starting arithmetic is developed in the thesis. While SOE information is perfect, the starting arithmetic is used with SOE general signal; by contraries, if SOE information is not perfect, another conjoint starting arithmetic is used with the fault general signal in SOE information and relay action signal in YX information. In addition, through discussing the action mechanism of CHZ, difference of Permanent Fault and Impermanent Fault is ensured in fault starting. During these measures, the fault diagnoses can response the starting signal accurately and sensitively. Using the method, the probability of improper startup can be lessened greatly.
Considering the hierarchical characteristics of post-fault signals, an intelligent
fault diagnosis means is proposed to identify fault components rapidly and exactly, which is based on the action information of circuit breakers and relays with using partial electric qualities under the state of fault to verify fault components further. The algorithm has better adaptability for different network configurations and can be generally employed. It not only adapts to the state while only switches act, but also to the state while relay protections act; In addition, through using electric information collected by microcomputer protection, more accurate results are gained.
In verifying of relay protection sensitivities, a network portioning method combining with graphic interface is proposed. It can online track the varieties of network, accordingly it can satisfy real-time and emulation analysis of topological configuration.
With the real-time network configuration and nodal admittance matrix analyzed, the short-circuit calculation is carried out; by means of an expert system, the verification of protection sensitivities has been achieved. This sensitivity verification can also be used for any network configuration modified from current power network connection.
A good short circuit program is empoldered with holding less memory and more rapid calculate ability. At the same time, the program applies the result to the module of verifying the electric devices' stability.
With these functional modules being applied to practices, these functions are proved reliable and achieved the demands expected. They become much useful for improving the security and reliability of system operation.
在城市电网故障诊断系统模块中，根据不同的功能需要，将数据库分为实时数据库和关系数据库这两种类型，并在此基础上设计了一种高效、迅捷、灵活的数据库支持系统。此外，为了便于更好地进行保护信息的综合管理，减轻运行人员的负担，基于数据库支持系统开发了保护信息数据库管理系统软件，其具有易维护、界面友好的特点。
通过SCADA系统所收集到的实时数据信息常常有着或多或少的缺陷，就需要在诊断前对实时信息进行适当的处理。本文在深入研究决策系统接收到的实时数据信息特点后，针对不同的情形进行不同的处理，它们是：对故障前后信息及故障时跳闸开关信息的确定、实时开关变位信息的预处理、虚拟开关的设立等。从投入现场运行以来，这些处理方法取得了良好的预期效果，提高了故障诊断系统的容错性和抗噪声能力。
在对现场实际接收信息进行分析的基础上，提出三种故障诊断程序启动方法，并根据现场实际情况应该优先选择：当SOE事故信号信息完善时，用SOE事故信号作为启动方法；若SOE事故总信号信息不全，用SOE事故总信号与相应遥信信息相结合的启动方法。此外，通过对重合闸动作机理的探讨，在故障启动中对永久性故障和非永久性故障进行判断，过滤掉非永久性故障的启动可能性。这样就可以有效地减少系统误启动的概率，增强系统的容错性，提高诊断速度。
针对电网发生故障后所表现出分层性的故障征兆信息，提出了一种基于开关和保护动作信息的基础上，利用所取得的故障状态下的部分电气量进一步校验的智能化的故障诊断方法。分析电网故障后表现出的故障征兆信息的层次，将诊断过程分为三层：基于开关动作信息的诊断、基于保护动作信息的诊断以及基于故障状态下的部分电气量进一步校验的诊断。这种方法具有较好的适应性，它既适合于仅有开关动作信息的场合(用于确定故障区域)；也适合于有保护动作信息的场合(用于进一步确定具体的故障元件)；在此基础上，对于可以利用微机保护所
摘要
竺巴巴巴巴里绝里巴旦鱼旦旦旦旦旦
采集的电气量信息的场合，能更进一步确定故障元件。该方法不依赖于具体电力
系统的特征结构，具有较好的通用性。
在基于实时和仿真拓扑结构保护灵敏度在线校验模块中建立了一个高效、迅
捷、灵活、易维护、界面友好的保护灵敏度校验数据库支持系统。其主要内容为
城市电网继电保护的配置、继电保护的整定值、系统基本参数等。同时通过内存
中实时数据库的映射，利用SCADA系统通道向本系统提供实时遥信信息和遥侧
信息。在此基础上开发了面向对象的保护灵敏度校验信息管理软件，减少了对繁
琐信息的处理和管理的工作量，减轻了保护整定工程师的负担。
在对全网保护装置的保护灵敏度进行校验过程中，针对本系统的网络结构特
点以及其功能的需要，本文提出了一种同图形平台相结合的面向对象的图的分区
算法。该方法计算速度快，能够进行网络拓扑的在线快速跟踪，可以满足在线和
仿真拓扑结构分析的要求。
在网络拓扑在线快速跟踪基础上，进行实时结线分析并形成导纳矩阵，同时
将短路计算的理论运用于在线，将获得的在线短路计算的结果同专家系统相结合
进行保护灵敏度的在线校验，最后通过友好的人机交互界面提供整个城市电网全
部投运保护装置的保护灵敏度状况。同时，根据系统可以在线跟踪系统接线方式
变化的功能，在对当前网架结构进行修改的基础之上，实现对任意一种运行方式
的保护灵敏度的仿真计算。
由于确定继电保护定值和校验继电保护灵敏度都首先要进行短路计算，本文
开发了短路计算程序，可以实现对电网的对称短路和不对称短路分别进行在线计
算。该短路计算模块计算速度快，占用系统资源少，是一个比较成熟的短路计算
程序。同时该短路计算程序为开发其他功能模块，如在线电气设备动、热稳定校
验以及设备选择提供了接口。
该系统已经投入实际运行，实践证明各功能模块运行可靠，达到设计要求，
对提高供电可靠性具有积极的实际意义。
Works stated in this thesis are completed with a practical project "Intelligent Decision Supporting System on Urban High Voltage Systems", which are imbursed by the important scientific project in Henan province. According to the combination of theoretical analysis and the actual need of Power Branch, the data resource of SCAD A system under control center based on unmanned substations is fully used to develop the fault diagnosis system and Verification of Relay Protection Sensitivities based on the Topology Configuration of Real-Time and Emulation State system. The system is applied to a means of online fault diagnosing and a measure of real- time monitoring relay protection sensitivities. And following works have been illustrated.
In the works, database system divided into real-time database and relational database is established for different functions. On the basis of the databases, a programme is empoldered in order to better synthetically manage the relay information and lighten the burden of operators, besides an efficient, speedy, flexible database supporting system is established.
Because there are more or less limitations in the real-time data collected through SCADA system, the information must be deal with properly before using them. Through researching these characteristics of real-time data received deeply, some good measures are put forward and accepted to improve the fault-tolerance performance of the fault diagnosis system in the thesis, such as advance disposing of real-time switch information and instauration of dummy switch etc.
Based on the data information received, three starting arithmetic is developed in the thesis. While SOE information is perfect, the starting arithmetic is used with SOE general signal; by contraries, if SOE information is not perfect, another conjoint starting arithmetic is used with the fault general signal in SOE information and relay action signal in YX information. In addition, through discussing the action mechanism of CHZ, difference of Permanent Fault and Impermanent Fault is ensured in fault starting. During these measures, the fault diagnoses can response the starting signal accurately and sensitively. Using the method, the probability of improper startup can be lessened greatly.
Considering the hierarchical characteristics of post-fault signals, an intelligent
fault diagnosis means is proposed to identify fault components rapidly and exactly, which is based on the action information of circuit breakers and relays with using partial electric qualities under the state of fault to verify fault components further. The algorithm has better adaptability for different network configurations and can be generally employed. It not only adapts to the state while only switches act, but also to the state while relay protections act; In addition, through using electric information collected by microcomputer protection, more accurate results are gained.
In verifying of relay protection sensitivities, a network portioning method combining with graphic interface is proposed. It can online track the varieties of network, accordingly it can satisfy real-time and emulation analysis of topological configuration.
With the real-time network configuration and nodal admittance matrix analyzed, the short-circuit calculation is carried out; by means of an expert system, the verification of protection sensitivities has been achieved. This sensitivity verification can also be used for any network configuration modified from current power network connection.
A good short circuit program is empoldered with holding less memory and more rapid calculate ability. At the same time, the program applies the result to the module of verifying the electric devices' stability.
With these functional modules being applied to practices, these functions are proved reliable and achieved the demands expected. They become much useful for improving the security and reliability of system operation.
引文
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