基于TRIZ的加工中心人性化设计研究
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摘要
数控机床加工中心是现代装备制造业的母体,其发展水平的高低将直接影响我国整体装备制造业的水平。
随着科学技术的发展,加工中心的制造水平越来越高。在加工中心的设计过程中,从人机工程学的角度出发,关注操作者的生理和心理需求,秉承以人为本的设计理念,已经成为设计界的共识。加工中心是多种技术的综合体,在满足加工中心功能的前提下,进行加工中心的人性化设计,赋予产品由内而外的品质,提高其外观质量,增加产品的附加值,满足市场的需求,成为当前加工中心设计领域刻不容缓的问题。
本文根据人机工程学、工程心理学和美学相关原理,将技术和艺术进行结合,通过应用TRIZ(?)中突矩阵,进行加工中心的造型、色彩和人机界面设计研究,为使用TRIZ改善我国加工中心的人性化设计奠定理论基础。具体研究内容包括以下内容：
本文从操作者的角度出发,研究影响加工中心人性化设计的需求。通过分析现有市场上加工中心的造型风格,加工中心的主要造型因子如观察窗、机床门等为加工中心的人性化设计设定了内涵和外延。通过分析加工中心造型设计中人的需求,得出形状、安全性、操作方便性是加工中心的主要需求,将其带入TRIZ矛盾矩阵,获得推荐的创新原理,得到指导加工中心造型设计的方法。
通过分析现有市场上的加工中心的色彩风格和加工中心主体色的配色风格,对加工中心色彩设计中人的需求进行分析,得出美观、安全性是色彩设计中的主要需求,使用矛盾矩阵获得创新原理,得到用于指导加工中心色彩设计的方法；通过分析加工中心的人机界面,从操作者的角度分析了人机界面的造型因素,分析加工中心人机界面设计中人的需求,使用矛盾矩阵,获得指导加工中心人机界面设计的方法。
以SMC3205石材加工中心为例,在相关理论的指导下,对石材加工中心的造型、色彩、人机界面进行设计；并使用Rhino和HyperShot对其建模、渲染制作出相应的效果图,从而找到一条基于TRIZ创新原理的加工中心人性化设计方法。
Machining center is the matrix of modern equipment manufacturing industry, its development level determines the level of manufacturing. Along with the progress of the computer, microelectronics, information, control, manufacturing, there were many changes happed in the machine tool industry. Machining center with high performance, high precision, high tech content, high automation degree gradually become the mainstream of the machine on the market product.
To homebred Machining center, how to win during the increasingly fierce international competition becomes an problem we have to face. In recent years, domestic machining center developed fasteriy, but,we have to admit that the level of domestic machining center is under foreign. for a long time, when we design the Machining center, we take "machine" as the center of design, ignoring the man's needs, not pay attention to the harmonious relation between human and machine. As a results, the form of our machinging center is huge, the colour is onefold, and hard to operate.
Through studying the ergonomics, physiology, psychology, engineering, and other disciplines content, This paper discusses the humanity Design by discussing the machining center's modeling design, colour design and man-machine interface design. From the Angle of the operator, analysising the requirements during the Operation process.
During directing the design process by TRIZ theory, this study constructs a method to design,to help the designers to design, when the lack the required contradiction analysis.
This article will redesign the SMC3205 machining center under the direction of Humanization theory and TRIZ theory. After finishing the specific design scheme, this study Models and renders it by Rhino and HyperShot.
随着科学技术的发展,加工中心的制造水平越来越高。在加工中心的设计过程中,从人机工程学的角度出发,关注操作者的生理和心理需求,秉承以人为本的设计理念,已经成为设计界的共识。加工中心是多种技术的综合体,在满足加工中心功能的前提下,进行加工中心的人性化设计,赋予产品由内而外的品质,提高其外观质量,增加产品的附加值,满足市场的需求,成为当前加工中心设计领域刻不容缓的问题。
本文根据人机工程学、工程心理学和美学相关原理,将技术和艺术进行结合,通过应用TRIZ(?)中突矩阵,进行加工中心的造型、色彩和人机界面设计研究,为使用TRIZ改善我国加工中心的人性化设计奠定理论基础。具体研究内容包括以下内容：
本文从操作者的角度出发,研究影响加工中心人性化设计的需求。通过分析现有市场上加工中心的造型风格,加工中心的主要造型因子如观察窗、机床门等为加工中心的人性化设计设定了内涵和外延。通过分析加工中心造型设计中人的需求,得出形状、安全性、操作方便性是加工中心的主要需求,将其带入TRIZ矛盾矩阵,获得推荐的创新原理,得到指导加工中心造型设计的方法。
通过分析现有市场上的加工中心的色彩风格和加工中心主体色的配色风格,对加工中心色彩设计中人的需求进行分析,得出美观、安全性是色彩设计中的主要需求,使用矛盾矩阵获得创新原理,得到用于指导加工中心色彩设计的方法；通过分析加工中心的人机界面,从操作者的角度分析了人机界面的造型因素,分析加工中心人机界面设计中人的需求,使用矛盾矩阵,获得指导加工中心人机界面设计的方法。
以SMC3205石材加工中心为例,在相关理论的指导下,对石材加工中心的造型、色彩、人机界面进行设计；并使用Rhino和HyperShot对其建模、渲染制作出相应的效果图,从而找到一条基于TRIZ创新原理的加工中心人性化设计方法。
Machining center is the matrix of modern equipment manufacturing industry, its development level determines the level of manufacturing. Along with the progress of the computer, microelectronics, information, control, manufacturing, there were many changes happed in the machine tool industry. Machining center with high performance, high precision, high tech content, high automation degree gradually become the mainstream of the machine on the market product.
To homebred Machining center, how to win during the increasingly fierce international competition becomes an problem we have to face. In recent years, domestic machining center developed fasteriy, but,we have to admit that the level of domestic machining center is under foreign. for a long time, when we design the Machining center, we take "machine" as the center of design, ignoring the man's needs, not pay attention to the harmonious relation between human and machine. As a results, the form of our machinging center is huge, the colour is onefold, and hard to operate.
Through studying the ergonomics, physiology, psychology, engineering, and other disciplines content, This paper discusses the humanity Design by discussing the machining center's modeling design, colour design and man-machine interface design. From the Angle of the operator, analysising the requirements during the Operation process.
During directing the design process by TRIZ theory, this study constructs a method to design,to help the designers to design, when the lack the required contradiction analysis.
This article will redesign the SMC3205 machining center under the direction of Humanization theory and TRIZ theory. After finishing the specific design scheme, this study Models and renders it by Rhino and HyperShot.
引文
[1]卢伟刚.基于需求层次理论浅析我国成人教育的发展[J].教育与职业.2009,21：151-152
[2]李倩,张进生,刘磊.石材加工中心的人性化设计研究[J].石材.2009,2：6-8
[3]丁雪生.提高国产加工中心的市场竞争力[J].机电产品市场.2006,11：20-23
[4]李倩.加工中心的人性化设计研究与应用[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2009
[5]马宁.加工中心造型的人性化设计[J].美术大观.2010,3：110-111
[6]杜志俊.机床产品的市场发展态势及应对措施[J].机电产品市场.2003,6：11-12
[7]迈克尔A.奥尔洛夫[德].用TRIZ进行创造性思考实用指南[M].陈劲,朱凌,郑尧丽.北京：科学出版社,2010：110-111
[8]张玉静.基于TRIZ的产品创新设计研究及软件开发[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2009
[9]Jing Zhang, Jie Shang. Research on developing environmental protection industry based on TRIZ theory[J]. Procedia environmental sciences.2010,2:1326-1334
[10]檀润华TRIZ及应用[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2010：125-126
[11]向愿,赵武,张旭领.基于TRIZ的双沟道砂轮修整装置的创新设计[J].机械设计.2009,26(9)： 58-60
[12]杨明朗,卢晓琴,杨晓丹.TRIZ在平面设计中的应用[J].包装工程.2005,26(4)：196-197
[13]Rajagopalan Srinivasana, Andrzej Kraslawski. Application of the TRIZ creativity enhancement approach to design of inherently safer chemical processes[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing.2006,45(6):507-514
[14]陈志军.基于TRIZ的冰箱绿色设计冲突消解方法研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[15]P.-A. Verhaegen, J. D'hondt, J. Vertommen. Relating properties and functions from patents to TRIZ trends [J]. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology.2009,1(3):126-130
[16]Hsiang-Tang Chang, Jahau Lewis Chen. The conflict-problem-solving CAD software integrating TRIZ into eco-innovation [J]. Advances in Engineering Software.2004,35 (8-9):553-566
[17]Roberto Duran-Novoa, Noel Leon-Rovira, Humberto Aguayo-Tellez. Inventive problem solving based on dialectical negation, using evolutionary algorithms and TRIZ heuristics [J]. Computers in Industry.2011,62 (4):437-445
[18]Te-Sheng Li, Hsing-Hsin Huang. Applying TRIZ and Fuzzy AHP to develop innovative design for automated manufacturing systems[J]. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36 (4):8302-8312
[19]许健.人性化设计在油田远程监控系统界面设计中的应用研究[D].陕西科技大学硕十学位论文,2008
[20]刘伟强.数控机床人性化设计技术及其在ICAID系统中的实现[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2004
[21]于泳.基于人类心理缺陷的产品设计研究与应用[D].陕西科技大学硕十学位论文,2009
[22]旷英姬.数控机床中人机工学应用研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2004
[23]David O'Neill. The promotion of ergonomics in industrially developing countries [J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.2005,35 (2):163-168
[24]Ole Broberg, Vibeke Andersen, Rikke Seim. Participatory ergonomics in design processes:The role of boundary objects [J]. Applied Ergonomics.2011,42 (3): 464-472
[25]N. Theberge, W. P. Neumann. Doing'organizational work':Expanding the conception of professional practice in ergonomics [J]. Applied Ergonomics.2010,42 (1):76-84
[26]谭征宇.数控机床ICAID系统中设计知识的研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2004
[27]黄旭CBID系统中基于设计问题域的程序型知识检索研究与应用[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[28]浦叶.数控机床外观件造型设计研究及其在ICAID系统中的实现[D].湖南大学硕十学位论文,2004
[29]刘阳.数控机床防护及外观造型设计研究[D].东北大学博十学位论文,2006
[30]Nerys Williams, Martin Forde. Ergonomics and obesity [J]. Applied Ergonomics.2009,40 (1):148-149
[31]韩卫国.数控机床作业研究及其在ICAID系统中的应用[D].湖南大学硕十学位论文,2005
[32]徐礼锋.数控机床设计中的人机工程界面研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[33]黄晓严.卧式加工中心防护装置的设计[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009
[34]洪浩,顾德仁,仲梁维.缺矛盾讯息的TRIZ创新设计方法研究与应用[J].精密制造与自动化.2006,4：26-30
[35]刘志成TRIZ方法改良与绿色创新设计方法之研究[D].“国立”成功大学博十学位论文,2003
[36]Hilary Dalke, Jenny Little, Elga Niemann. Colour and lighting in hospital design[J]. Optics & Laser Technology.2006,38 (4-6):343-365
[37]Ming Ronnier Luo. Applying colour science in colour design [J]. Optics & Laser Technology.2006,38 (4-6):392-398
[38]Amod Damle, Philip J. Smith. Biasing cognitive processes during design:the effects of color [J]. Design Studies.2009,30 (5):521-540
[39]王坤茜,林捷晖.数控机床色彩设计研究[J].机床与液压.2008,36(8)：73-75
[40]林朝平.现代机床色彩设计的原则[J].机械制造与自动化.2004,3：18-19
[41]王欣.装饰艺术中的色彩饰觉现象研究[D].湖北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[42]王平,杨君顺,高晋.色彩心理学在产品设计中的应用[J].轻工机械.2008,26(2)：5-7
[43]夏敏燕,王琦.机电产品的配色美学[J].上海电机学院学报.2007,10(4)：272-275
[44]Jennifer Markarian. Design trends in colour and effects push plastics forward [J]. Plastics, Additives and Compounding.2006,8 (3):14-21
[45]S. Sanders, Paul Carman. Colour, design and virtual reality at JET[J]. Optics & Laser Technology.2006,38 (4-6):335-342
[46]黄晓波.便携式信息交互终端的HCI研究及应用[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2005
[47]宋妍敏.数控机床CBID系统中的色彩研究与应用[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[48]Patricia A. Chalmers. The role of cognitive theory in human - computer interface [J]. Computers in Human Behavior.2003,19(5):593-607
[49]Daniel Churchill, John Hedberg. Learning object design considerations for small-screen handheld devices[J]. Computers & Education.2008,50 (3):881-893
[50]V. G. Chouvardas, A. N. Miliou, M. K. Hatalis. Tactile displays:Overview and recent advances [J]. Displays.2008,29 (3):185-194
[51]Carolyn Watters, Jack Duffy, Kathryn Duffy. Using large tables on small display devices [J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies.2003,58 (3):21-37
[52]Christopher A. Sanchez, James Z. Goolsbee. Character size and reading to remember from small displays[J]. Computers & Education.2010,55 (30:1056-1062
[2]李倩,张进生,刘磊.石材加工中心的人性化设计研究[J].石材.2009,2：6-8
[3]丁雪生.提高国产加工中心的市场竞争力[J].机电产品市场.2006,11：20-23
[4]李倩.加工中心的人性化设计研究与应用[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2009
[5]马宁.加工中心造型的人性化设计[J].美术大观.2010,3：110-111
[6]杜志俊.机床产品的市场发展态势及应对措施[J].机电产品市场.2003,6：11-12
[7]迈克尔A.奥尔洛夫[德].用TRIZ进行创造性思考实用指南[M].陈劲,朱凌,郑尧丽.北京：科学出版社,2010：110-111
[8]张玉静.基于TRIZ的产品创新设计研究及软件开发[D].山东大学硕士学位论文,2009
[9]Jing Zhang, Jie Shang. Research on developing environmental protection industry based on TRIZ theory[J]. Procedia environmental sciences.2010,2:1326-1334
[10]檀润华TRIZ及应用[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2010：125-126
[11]向愿,赵武,张旭领.基于TRIZ的双沟道砂轮修整装置的创新设计[J].机械设计.2009,26(9)： 58-60
[12]杨明朗,卢晓琴,杨晓丹.TRIZ在平面设计中的应用[J].包装工程.2005,26(4)：196-197
[13]Rajagopalan Srinivasana, Andrzej Kraslawski. Application of the TRIZ creativity enhancement approach to design of inherently safer chemical processes[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing.2006,45(6):507-514
[14]陈志军.基于TRIZ的冰箱绿色设计冲突消解方法研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2009
[15]P.-A. Verhaegen, J. D'hondt, J. Vertommen. Relating properties and functions from patents to TRIZ trends [J]. CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology.2009,1(3):126-130
[16]Hsiang-Tang Chang, Jahau Lewis Chen. The conflict-problem-solving CAD software integrating TRIZ into eco-innovation [J]. Advances in Engineering Software.2004,35 (8-9):553-566
[17]Roberto Duran-Novoa, Noel Leon-Rovira, Humberto Aguayo-Tellez. Inventive problem solving based on dialectical negation, using evolutionary algorithms and TRIZ heuristics [J]. Computers in Industry.2011,62 (4):437-445
[18]Te-Sheng Li, Hsing-Hsin Huang. Applying TRIZ and Fuzzy AHP to develop innovative design for automated manufacturing systems[J]. Expert Systems with Applications.2009,36 (4):8302-8312
[19]许健.人性化设计在油田远程监控系统界面设计中的应用研究[D].陕西科技大学硕十学位论文,2008
[20]刘伟强.数控机床人性化设计技术及其在ICAID系统中的实现[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2004
[21]于泳.基于人类心理缺陷的产品设计研究与应用[D].陕西科技大学硕十学位论文,2009
[22]旷英姬.数控机床中人机工学应用研究[D].华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2004
[23]David O'Neill. The promotion of ergonomics in industrially developing countries [J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics.2005,35 (2):163-168
[24]Ole Broberg, Vibeke Andersen, Rikke Seim. Participatory ergonomics in design processes:The role of boundary objects [J]. Applied Ergonomics.2011,42 (3): 464-472
[25]N. Theberge, W. P. Neumann. Doing'organizational work':Expanding the conception of professional practice in ergonomics [J]. Applied Ergonomics.2010,42 (1):76-84
[26]谭征宇.数控机床ICAID系统中设计知识的研究[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2004
[27]黄旭CBID系统中基于设计问题域的程序型知识检索研究与应用[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[28]浦叶.数控机床外观件造型设计研究及其在ICAID系统中的实现[D].湖南大学硕十学位论文,2004
[29]刘阳.数控机床防护及外观造型设计研究[D].东北大学博十学位论文,2006
[30]Nerys Williams, Martin Forde. Ergonomics and obesity [J]. Applied Ergonomics.2009,40 (1):148-149
[31]韩卫国.数控机床作业研究及其在ICAID系统中的应用[D].湖南大学硕十学位论文,2005
[32]徐礼锋.数控机床设计中的人机工程界面研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[33]黄晓严.卧式加工中心防护装置的设计[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文,2009
[34]洪浩,顾德仁,仲梁维.缺矛盾讯息的TRIZ创新设计方法研究与应用[J].精密制造与自动化.2006,4：26-30
[35]刘志成TRIZ方法改良与绿色创新设计方法之研究[D].“国立”成功大学博十学位论文,2003
[36]Hilary Dalke, Jenny Little, Elga Niemann. Colour and lighting in hospital design[J]. Optics & Laser Technology.2006,38 (4-6):343-365
[37]Ming Ronnier Luo. Applying colour science in colour design [J]. Optics & Laser Technology.2006,38 (4-6):392-398
[38]Amod Damle, Philip J. Smith. Biasing cognitive processes during design:the effects of color [J]. Design Studies.2009,30 (5):521-540
[39]王坤茜,林捷晖.数控机床色彩设计研究[J].机床与液压.2008,36(8)：73-75
[40]林朝平.现代机床色彩设计的原则[J].机械制造与自动化.2004,3：18-19
[41]王欣.装饰艺术中的色彩饰觉现象研究[D].湖北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006
[42]王平,杨君顺,高晋.色彩心理学在产品设计中的应用[J].轻工机械.2008,26(2)：5-7
[43]夏敏燕,王琦.机电产品的配色美学[J].上海电机学院学报.2007,10(4)：272-275
[44]Jennifer Markarian. Design trends in colour and effects push plastics forward [J]. Plastics, Additives and Compounding.2006,8 (3):14-21
[45]S. Sanders, Paul Carman. Colour, design and virtual reality at JET[J]. Optics & Laser Technology.2006,38 (4-6):335-342
[46]黄晓波.便携式信息交互终端的HCI研究及应用[D].西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2005
[47]宋妍敏.数控机床CBID系统中的色彩研究与应用[D].湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[48]Patricia A. Chalmers. The role of cognitive theory in human - computer interface [J]. Computers in Human Behavior.2003,19(5):593-607
[49]Daniel Churchill, John Hedberg. Learning object design considerations for small-screen handheld devices[J]. Computers & Education.2008,50 (3):881-893
[50]V. G. Chouvardas, A. N. Miliou, M. K. Hatalis. Tactile displays:Overview and recent advances [J]. Displays.2008,29 (3):185-194
[51]Carolyn Watters, Jack Duffy, Kathryn Duffy. Using large tables on small display devices [J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies.2003,58 (3):21-37
[52]Christopher A. Sanchez, James Z. Goolsbee. Character size and reading to remember from small displays[J]. Computers & Education.2010,55 (30:1056-1062