基于技术创新理论（TRIZ）的家用空调合逸性设计
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摘要
随着社会的发展与进步、物质的极大丰富、消费层次的进一步细化,人们对家用空调的物质功能和精神功能需求不断提高,开始追求个性化、多元化的消费理念,而这些都给家用空调的设计提出新的要求。家用空调设计不再仅仅就形态、色彩、结构、材料、工艺等方面的内容来构成其物质条件,而是在此基础上又融入了经济、社会、环境、人机工程学、心理学、审美情趣等多种因素的系统设计,这就是要合理解决“产品—人—环境—社会”的关系。面向空调的合逸性设计,就是在满足技术功能设计的前提下,运用美学及人机学的原理,对家用空调进行综合设计,使产品不仅满足使用要求,还能与人们的生活环境紧密结合在一起。
本论文以提升空调与室内环境合逸性的思想为基础、以技术创新理论(TRIZ)为支撑进行研究。主要研究内容有以下几个部分:
第一部分,本文以消费者对室内环境统一和谐的需求为出发点,进行设计调查。根据调查结果,选定具有现代式家装风格的卧室为用户模型,并以中等收入人群为目标用户。从用户的需求出发,对家用空调进行设计的前期定位。
第二部分,应用质量功能展开法(QFD),将用户需求转换为工程参数,然后与技术创新理论(TRIZ)的矛盾表中的工程参数相联系,找出与工程参数密切相关的创新原理,并结合空调合逸性对创新原理进行选择。
第三部分,应用创新原理对家用空调进行创新设计。分别从色彩、形态、材料、功能、人机学以及环保性能等方面对空调的合逸性进行改进。从而,得到三个家用空调的设计方案。
第四部分,将设计方案融入用户模型,并应用模糊评价法,进行综合评价,从中找出最佳方案。
通过以上研究阐明,技术创新理论(TRIZ)可以有效地解决家用空调合逸性设计中的问题,提高家用空调的附加值,改善人们的生活品质。
With the development of the society and the enrichment of the material and the subdivision of the consumption, people raise the requirement of air-condition's material function and spirit function and begin to pursue the characteristic and diversified consumption principle. Then the new requirements for the design of air-condition are put forward. The design of air-condition not only focus on the appearance, color , structure, material, craft and so on, but also is combined with economy , society, environments psychology , aesthetics and various factors .In another words ,the design of system deal with the relation of "product- person- environment- society" reasonably . The harmony design of air-condition, at the premise that satisfying the technique and function design, uses theories of engineering esthetics, human engineering, morphologic, psychics, in order to design air-condition synthetically. The harmony design require us not only researching and exploring practical value of the product, but also combining utility, economy and aesthetics, to meet the needs of consumers.Based on the idea to promote the harmonization between air-condition and circumstance indoor, the thesis apply TRIZ to the research. The main contents include the four parts:The first part: The investigation of design is on the base of the needs of consumers about the harmonization between air-condition and circumstance indoor. According to the result of investigation, the modern bedroom is selected as the customer model and the middle-income people become the target customer. Then according to the needs of consumers, the orientation of design in the prophase is confirmed.The second part: The needs of consumers are transformed to engineering parameters by QFD. Consulting engineering parameters in the contradiction- table of TRIZ, the creative principles are found.The third part: To design the air-condition creatively by the creative principles. The
harmonization is improved on the matters of color, appearance, material, function, human engineering and environment in the three projects.The fourth part: To find the best project with application of Fuzzy Decision Making.According to the research, TRIZ can solve the problems in the harmonization of air-condition and promote its additional value and improve the quality of people's life.
本论文以提升空调与室内环境合逸性的思想为基础、以技术创新理论(TRIZ)为支撑进行研究。主要研究内容有以下几个部分:
第一部分,本文以消费者对室内环境统一和谐的需求为出发点,进行设计调查。根据调查结果,选定具有现代式家装风格的卧室为用户模型,并以中等收入人群为目标用户。从用户的需求出发,对家用空调进行设计的前期定位。
第二部分,应用质量功能展开法(QFD),将用户需求转换为工程参数,然后与技术创新理论(TRIZ)的矛盾表中的工程参数相联系,找出与工程参数密切相关的创新原理,并结合空调合逸性对创新原理进行选择。
第三部分,应用创新原理对家用空调进行创新设计。分别从色彩、形态、材料、功能、人机学以及环保性能等方面对空调的合逸性进行改进。从而,得到三个家用空调的设计方案。
第四部分,将设计方案融入用户模型,并应用模糊评价法,进行综合评价,从中找出最佳方案。
通过以上研究阐明,技术创新理论(TRIZ)可以有效地解决家用空调合逸性设计中的问题,提高家用空调的附加值,改善人们的生活品质。
With the development of the society and the enrichment of the material and the subdivision of the consumption, people raise the requirement of air-condition's material function and spirit function and begin to pursue the characteristic and diversified consumption principle. Then the new requirements for the design of air-condition are put forward. The design of air-condition not only focus on the appearance, color , structure, material, craft and so on, but also is combined with economy , society, environments psychology , aesthetics and various factors .In another words ,the design of system deal with the relation of "product- person- environment- society" reasonably . The harmony design of air-condition, at the premise that satisfying the technique and function design, uses theories of engineering esthetics, human engineering, morphologic, psychics, in order to design air-condition synthetically. The harmony design require us not only researching and exploring practical value of the product, but also combining utility, economy and aesthetics, to meet the needs of consumers.Based on the idea to promote the harmonization between air-condition and circumstance indoor, the thesis apply TRIZ to the research. The main contents include the four parts:The first part: The investigation of design is on the base of the needs of consumers about the harmonization between air-condition and circumstance indoor. According to the result of investigation, the modern bedroom is selected as the customer model and the middle-income people become the target customer. Then according to the needs of consumers, the orientation of design in the prophase is confirmed.The second part: The needs of consumers are transformed to engineering parameters by QFD. Consulting engineering parameters in the contradiction- table of TRIZ, the creative principles are found.The third part: To design the air-condition creatively by the creative principles. The
harmonization is improved on the matters of color, appearance, material, function, human engineering and environment in the three projects.The fourth part: To find the best project with application of Fuzzy Decision Making.According to the research, TRIZ can solve the problems in the harmonization of air-condition and promote its additional value and improve the quality of people's life.
引文
[1] 吴荣.新产品的设计定位研究[D].湖南大学,2003:10-15
[2] 冯劲梅.住宅空调的现状与发展趋势[J].住宅科技,2003年第4期:42-43
[3] http://www.alibaba.com.cn.2004年度中国空调市场报告.2004年11月1日
[4] 郭西鋆.产品设计[M].西安:中纺音像出版社.2001:89-90
[5] 郑明辉.基于用户模型的MP3播放器设计过程研究[D].西安交通大学,2003:10-15
[6] 吴荣.新产品的设计定位研究[D].湖南大学,2003:20-30
[7] 冯阳.居住空间与起居型生活模式[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,1997年第3期:73-77
[8] 张丹.从生活方式的角度研究中国抽油烟机[D].江南大学,2002:20-30
[9] 马泽群.产品环境漫谈.成都纺织高等专科学校学报[J],2001,1:24-25
[10] http://www.chinahvacr.com.赛迪顾问:中国空调企业“微笑曲线”.2004年6月6日
[11] 何卫平,蔡鸿明,秦忠宝,李冰.面向工业造型设计的产品设计定位方法研究.计算机工程与应用[J],2002,4:31-33
[12] 赵新军.技术创新理论(TRIZ)及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004:15-20
[13] 邵家骏.质量功能展开[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2004:1-57
[14] 王更新,韩之俊.提高产品设计质量的质量功能展开法[J].价值工程,1998,6:41-42
[15] 翟丽.质量功能展开技术及其应用综述[J].管理工程学报,2000,1:52-60
[16] 郑称德.TRIZ的产生及其理论体系[J].科技进步与对策,2002年第1期:112-114
[17] 刘志成.TRIZ方法改良与绿色创新设计方法之研究[D].国立成功大学,2003:15-30
[18] 檀润华.创新设计-TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002:17-30
[19] 章利国.现代设计美学[M].郑州:河南美术出版社,1999:1-30
[20] 李彬彬.设计心理学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社.2001:26-36
[21] 张福昌.机电产品艺术造型基础[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1984:25-26
[22] (法)R·巴特著;董学文,王葵译.符号学美学[M].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1987:71-80
[23] 庞志成,陈世家,庞坦.工业造型设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1998:11-26
[24] 沙强.产品形态的时代性研究[D].江南大学,2002:11
[25] (日)中村吉郎.建筑造型基础[M].(雷宝乾译).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987:46-102
[26] 许喜华.工业造型设计[M].浙江大学出版社,1986:13-35
[27] 刘贤明,马云骏.抗静电塑料及其在空调外观件的应用.红宝丽配件报道,2000年12月:62-65
[28] 简召全.工业设计方法学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.1993:86-104
[29] (日)空气调和·卫生工学会.供暖与制冷[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:60-64
[30] 宋垚臻.空调机原理与维修实例[M].广州:广东科技出版设.2001:69-108
[31] 袁琪,刘艳华.洁净技术在家用空调器设计中的应用[J].制冷空调,2003年第4期:12-15
[32] 刘艳华,袁琪.健康空调器与室内空气品质.http://www.chinahvacr.com,2003年10月14日
[33] 丁玉兰.人机工程学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1991:5-8
[34] 贾衡.人与建筑环境[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001:3-29
[35] 冯玉琪.室内空调器、机房空调机、汽车空调机—原理与维修[M].北京:中国计量出版社.1987:12-17
[36] 周崇德.浅谈空调冷源的选择[J].工厂建设与设计,1997年第3期:36-38
[37] 张庆建,尚勇.常用制冷剂及与环境的关系[J].医药工程设计杂志,2002年第1期:11-13
[38] 邹慧君.机械系统设计原理[M].北京:科学出版社.2003:230-248
[39] 刘林.应用模糊数学[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.1996:103-129
[40] Shang H, Hsu etc. A semantic differential study of designers' and users' product from perception[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 25, 2000: 375～391.
[41] Charles H. Flurseheim. Industrial Design in Engineering[M]. Design Council, London. 1983
[42] Kevin N. Otto, Kristin L. Wood. Product Design[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[43] Mark S-Sanders, Ernest J. McCormick. Human Factors in Engineering and Design[M].
[44] MinXiang Hu. Enhancing robust design with aid of TRIZ and axiomatic design[D].Wayne State University, 2000: 235-278
[45] Eui D J S, Kee D. A man machine interface model with improved visibility and reach function. Comptuer-Aided Design, 1997
[46] Richard C. Creativity as commonplace. Design Stuies, 1997
[47] Stephen R Luke. A conceptual design tool for engineers: an amalgamation of theory of constraints, theory of inventive problem solving and logic[D]. Old Dominion University, 1993: 155-168
[2] 冯劲梅.住宅空调的现状与发展趋势[J].住宅科技,2003年第4期:42-43
[3] http://www.alibaba.com.cn.2004年度中国空调市场报告.2004年11月1日
[4] 郭西鋆.产品设计[M].西安:中纺音像出版社.2001:89-90
[5] 郑明辉.基于用户模型的MP3播放器设计过程研究[D].西安交通大学,2003:10-15
[6] 吴荣.新产品的设计定位研究[D].湖南大学,2003:20-30
[7] 冯阳.居住空间与起居型生活模式[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,1997年第3期:73-77
[8] 张丹.从生活方式的角度研究中国抽油烟机[D].江南大学,2002:20-30
[9] 马泽群.产品环境漫谈.成都纺织高等专科学校学报[J],2001,1:24-25
[10] http://www.chinahvacr.com.赛迪顾问:中国空调企业“微笑曲线”.2004年6月6日
[11] 何卫平,蔡鸿明,秦忠宝,李冰.面向工业造型设计的产品设计定位方法研究.计算机工程与应用[J],2002,4:31-33
[12] 赵新军.技术创新理论(TRIZ)及应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004:15-20
[13] 邵家骏.质量功能展开[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2004:1-57
[14] 王更新,韩之俊.提高产品设计质量的质量功能展开法[J].价值工程,1998,6:41-42
[15] 翟丽.质量功能展开技术及其应用综述[J].管理工程学报,2000,1:52-60
[16] 郑称德.TRIZ的产生及其理论体系[J].科技进步与对策,2002年第1期:112-114
[17] 刘志成.TRIZ方法改良与绿色创新设计方法之研究[D].国立成功大学,2003:15-30
[18] 檀润华.创新设计-TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社.2002:17-30
[19] 章利国.现代设计美学[M].郑州:河南美术出版社,1999:1-30
[20] 李彬彬.设计心理学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社.2001:26-36
[21] 张福昌.机电产品艺术造型基础[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1984:25-26
[22] (法)R·巴特著;董学文,王葵译.符号学美学[M].沈阳:辽宁人民出版社,1987:71-80
[23] 庞志成,陈世家,庞坦.工业造型设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1998:11-26
[24] 沙强.产品形态的时代性研究[D].江南大学,2002:11
[25] (日)中村吉郎.建筑造型基础[M].(雷宝乾译).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1987:46-102
[26] 许喜华.工业造型设计[M].浙江大学出版社,1986:13-35
[27] 刘贤明,马云骏.抗静电塑料及其在空调外观件的应用.红宝丽配件报道,2000年12月:62-65
[28] 简召全.工业设计方法学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.1993:86-104
[29] (日)空气调和·卫生工学会.供暖与制冷[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:60-64
[30] 宋垚臻.空调机原理与维修实例[M].广州:广东科技出版设.2001:69-108
[31] 袁琪,刘艳华.洁净技术在家用空调器设计中的应用[J].制冷空调,2003年第4期:12-15
[32] 刘艳华,袁琪.健康空调器与室内空气品质.http://www.chinahvacr.com,2003年10月14日
[33] 丁玉兰.人机工程学[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,1991:5-8
[34] 贾衡.人与建筑环境[M].北京:北京工业大学出版社,2001:3-29
[35] 冯玉琪.室内空调器、机房空调机、汽车空调机—原理与维修[M].北京:中国计量出版社.1987:12-17
[36] 周崇德.浅谈空调冷源的选择[J].工厂建设与设计,1997年第3期:36-38
[37] 张庆建,尚勇.常用制冷剂及与环境的关系[J].医药工程设计杂志,2002年第1期:11-13
[38] 邹慧君.机械系统设计原理[M].北京:科学出版社.2003:230-248
[39] 刘林.应用模糊数学[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社.1996:103-129
[40] Shang H, Hsu etc. A semantic differential study of designers' and users' product from perception[J]. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 25, 2000: 375～391.
[41] Charles H. Flurseheim. Industrial Design in Engineering[M]. Design Council, London. 1983
[42] Kevin N. Otto, Kristin L. Wood. Product Design[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2003
[43] Mark S-Sanders, Ernest J. McCormick. Human Factors in Engineering and Design[M].
[44] MinXiang Hu. Enhancing robust design with aid of TRIZ and axiomatic design[D].Wayne State University, 2000: 235-278
[45] Eui D J S, Kee D. A man machine interface model with improved visibility and reach function. Comptuer-Aided Design, 1997
[46] Richard C. Creativity as commonplace. Design Stuies, 1997
[47] Stephen R Luke. A conceptual design tool for engineers: an amalgamation of theory of constraints, theory of inventive problem solving and logic[D]. Old Dominion University, 1993: 155-168