自来水自动抄表系统的研究
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摘要
自来水是城市供水的主要渠道,如何高效经济地解决城市居民的抄表工作是自来水管理部门面临的一个难题。当前,我国多数城市还主要依靠工作人员挨家挨户入户抄收水电表,这种传统的劳动型工作方式,不仅在人力物力上开支巨大,而且还不可避免地存在人为因素造成的误差,并且上门抄表这种工作方式也对用户的日常生活造成种种不便。所以,我们亟需一种更方便、更科学、精度更高的抄表方式来取代传统的入户抄表方式。近年来,随着信息技术、网络技术的不断发展和现化化小区建设的不断完善,出现了自动抄表系统。
本论文阐述了一套完整的自来水自动抄表系统开发过程。首先介绍了水表集抄系统的基本功能、基本结构和性能指标,把整个抄表系统分成四个模块:水表数字化、采集器、集中器和上位机模块。其次论述了水表集抄系统的通讯方式及相关网络协议,采集器通过485总线与集中器通信,集中器采用了GPRS和以太网两种方式与上位机通信,这两种方式可根据地理环境实现通信的互补。然后重点阐述了水表集抄系统的硬、软件设计,采用红外技术把机械水表数字化成无源直读式电子表;采集器采用带A/D转换的STC12C5410AD作为控制器,主要负责水表信息的采集,并通过485总线传送给集中器。集中器则是整个系统的枢纽,可分别与采集器和上位机通信,上位机发送控制命令给集中器,集中器根据控制命令进行相应的操作,并把从采集器获得的水表数据等信息上传给上位机;并设计了一套抄表协议来更好的满足它们之间的通信需要,通过移植轻量的TCP/IP栈μip来实现网络协议。最后介绍了上位机软件的设计及系统调试,上位机软件采用了SQL Sever技术和Visual C++编程语言,具有良好的人机交互界面和信息处理的能力。
由于整个系统的设计都考虑到了抗干扰技术,试验运行结果表明,系统性能良好,稳定性、可靠性和准确度高,具有较大的实用性和应用价值。
As to know, tap water is one of the most important form of urban water supply. But water management has one problem, that is, how to sulute the record of the water meter in a city efficiently and economicly. At present, most of cities also rely on the traditional labor-based work like the door-to-door house to record the water. This working method is not only in the huge expenditure on manpower and resources, but also inevitably exist the error caused by human factors, and may makes the user inconvenience to the daily life. Therefore, we need a more convenient, more scientific and more accurate way to replace the traditional record method. In recent years, as the rapidly development of the information technology, network technology and the district building, automatic meter reading system(AMR) has been appeared.
This paper describes a process of developing a complete set of automatic meter reading system. Firstly,it introduces the basic function, basic structure and performance criterion of AMR. The whole AMR is divided into four modules: Digital water meter, Collector, concentrator and PC. Secondly, it describes the communication of AMR and related communication network protocol. Collector uses RS-485 bus to communicate with concentrator and concentrator uses two means - GPRS and Ethernet to communicate with PC, these two means can supplement each other according to geographical circumstance. Thirdly, this paper focuses on the design of hardware and software for automatic meter reading systerm which uses infrared technology to directly read digital water meter. Collector, which uses STC12C5410AD as a controller, is mainly responsible for collecting meter information and transmitting these information to concentrator by 485 bus. Concentrator, which is the hub of the whole system, can communicate with collector and PC respectively. PC sends control orders--such as sending meter data to concentrator and concentrator follows. This system also designes a set of protocol for meter reading in order to meet their communication needs well,Through transplantationμip to achieve network protocol. At last, this paper describes the design of PC software and system debugging. PC software uses SQL Sever technology and Visual C++ programming language, It has a good man-machine interface and information-processing capacity.
The design of the whole system takes into account the anti-jamming technology, so the test results indicate that it has good performance, stability, reliability and high accuracy, great practicality and value.
本论文阐述了一套完整的自来水自动抄表系统开发过程。首先介绍了水表集抄系统的基本功能、基本结构和性能指标,把整个抄表系统分成四个模块:水表数字化、采集器、集中器和上位机模块。其次论述了水表集抄系统的通讯方式及相关网络协议,采集器通过485总线与集中器通信,集中器采用了GPRS和以太网两种方式与上位机通信,这两种方式可根据地理环境实现通信的互补。然后重点阐述了水表集抄系统的硬、软件设计,采用红外技术把机械水表数字化成无源直读式电子表;采集器采用带A/D转换的STC12C5410AD作为控制器,主要负责水表信息的采集,并通过485总线传送给集中器。集中器则是整个系统的枢纽,可分别与采集器和上位机通信,上位机发送控制命令给集中器,集中器根据控制命令进行相应的操作,并把从采集器获得的水表数据等信息上传给上位机;并设计了一套抄表协议来更好的满足它们之间的通信需要,通过移植轻量的TCP/IP栈μip来实现网络协议。最后介绍了上位机软件的设计及系统调试,上位机软件采用了SQL Sever技术和Visual C++编程语言,具有良好的人机交互界面和信息处理的能力。
由于整个系统的设计都考虑到了抗干扰技术,试验运行结果表明,系统性能良好,稳定性、可靠性和准确度高,具有较大的实用性和应用价值。
As to know, tap water is one of the most important form of urban water supply. But water management has one problem, that is, how to sulute the record of the water meter in a city efficiently and economicly. At present, most of cities also rely on the traditional labor-based work like the door-to-door house to record the water. This working method is not only in the huge expenditure on manpower and resources, but also inevitably exist the error caused by human factors, and may makes the user inconvenience to the daily life. Therefore, we need a more convenient, more scientific and more accurate way to replace the traditional record method. In recent years, as the rapidly development of the information technology, network technology and the district building, automatic meter reading system(AMR) has been appeared.
This paper describes a process of developing a complete set of automatic meter reading system. Firstly,it introduces the basic function, basic structure and performance criterion of AMR. The whole AMR is divided into four modules: Digital water meter, Collector, concentrator and PC. Secondly, it describes the communication of AMR and related communication network protocol. Collector uses RS-485 bus to communicate with concentrator and concentrator uses two means - GPRS and Ethernet to communicate with PC, these two means can supplement each other according to geographical circumstance. Thirdly, this paper focuses on the design of hardware and software for automatic meter reading systerm which uses infrared technology to directly read digital water meter. Collector, which uses STC12C5410AD as a controller, is mainly responsible for collecting meter information and transmitting these information to concentrator by 485 bus. Concentrator, which is the hub of the whole system, can communicate with collector and PC respectively. PC sends control orders--such as sending meter data to concentrator and concentrator follows. This system also designes a set of protocol for meter reading in order to meet their communication needs well,Through transplantationμip to achieve network protocol. At last, this paper describes the design of PC software and system debugging. PC software uses SQL Sever technology and Visual C++ programming language, It has a good man-machine interface and information-processing capacity.
The design of the whole system takes into account the anti-jamming technology, so the test results indicate that it has good performance, stability, reliability and high accuracy, great practicality and value.
引文
[1]黄祖华.远程自动抄表系统现状及发展趋势[J].计算机测量与控制.2004.(12):572-575
[2]The Chartwell AMR Report[R].2003 8th Edit.
[3]魏永静,徐建政,张民.对于智能小区远程自动抄表系统的相关思考[J].电力系统通信.2006.(02):46-49
[4]国家质量监督总局.中华人民共和国国家标准自动抄表总则[S].2002
[5]李斯春,李扬,唐国侠.基于GPRS自动抄表系统的设计[J].电子设计应用.2007(10):97-100
[6]邓文,赵伟,顾锦源等.电能自动抄表技术及相关思考[J].电测与仪表.2001.38(1):5-8
[7]蒋俊峰.自动抄表技术的研究[J].电测与仪表.2003.(5):56-58
[8]张恺,李样珍,张晶等.自动抄表系统应用模式的探讨[J].电网技术.2001.25(5):41-45
[9]张友德,赵志英,涂时亮.单片微型机原理、应用与实验[M].复旦大学出版社.2000:232-235
[10]朱兆优.RS-485总线在远程自动抄表系统中的应用[J].东华理工学报.2005.28(2):192-195
[11]RS-232,RS-422与RS-485标准及应用.http://blog.gkong.aom
[12]李正军著.现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2006
[13]文志成,张伟.GPRS网络技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2005.6
[14]钟章队等.GPRS通用分组无线业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2001
[15]随慧斌等.基于GPRS网络的变电站远程抄表系统[J].电力系统通信.2007.28(1):57-59
[16]姜开山.GPRS远程抄表系统应用应用实践[M].中国电力出版社.2007.1
[17]V Jacobson,R.Braden,D.Borman,TCP Extensions for High Performance[S],RFC1323(Proposed Standard,Obsolets RFC 1185),May 2003
[18][美]Pete Loshin.TCP/IP透彻理解[M].北京:电子工业出社.2003:275-312
[19][美]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP详解卷1:协议[M](英文版).北京:机械工业出版社.2002
[20]W Simpson.The Point-to-Point Protocol[S].RFC 1661.July 1994
[21]W Simpson.PPP in HDLC-like Framing[S].RFC 1662.July 1994
[22]B Lloyd.PPP Authentication Protocols[S].RFC 1334.Oct.1992
[23]G McGregor.The PPP Inetenet Protocol Control Protocol[S](IPCP).RFC1332,May.1992
[24]李志明,戴华平.直读式水表及抄表系统的研究[J].自动化仪表.2005.26(7):37-39
[25]潘柯.数字直读式远传水表从理论到现实[J].国际智能建筑.2004.(5):34-36
[26]傅永耀,孙龙杰.自动抄表系统采集器的设计[J].仪器仪表.2006.29(6):10-11
[27]STC12C5410AD系列单片机用户手册[S].http://www.mcu-memory.com/
[28]MAX485.pdf[S].http://www.21ic.tom
[29]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2003:67-85
[30]Samsung Electronics.S3C44B0 User Manual Revl.0[S].2002
[31]SST39VF160.pdf[S].http://www.21ic.com
[32]HY57V641620.pdf[S].http://www.21ic.com
[33]胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[34]RTL8019AS.pdf[S],http://www.21ic.com
[35]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2004
[36]Xacier Lagrange等.GSM网络与GPRS[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[37]mc35_atc 01 v0500,pdf.(MC35 manual)[Z].siemens,com.2003
[38]AT Command Set Siemens Cellular Engines Version[S]:03.10,2002.11.01
[39]萧凤志,魏洪新.工业自动化控制系统的抗干扰措施[J].河北煤炭.2007.(6):14-15
[40]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计第三版[M].北京航空航大大学出版2003
[41]高巍,殷小贡.用GPRS modem实现嵌入式Internet接入系统[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,(1):53-58
[42]David Famolari,Prathima Agrawal.Architecture and Performance of an Embedded IP Bluetooth Personal Area Network[J],IEEE International Conference on PWC.2000:75-79
[43]AdamDunkels.uIP-0.9[Z].http://www.sics.se/～adam/uip/
[44][美]Jan Axelson著.骆丽,张岳强,欧小龙译.嵌入式Ethernet和Internet通信设计技术[M].2006
[45]董玉杰,许合利,杜守恒.工业用单片机系统中的软件抗干扰技术[J].河南理工大学学报.2005.24(6):466-470
[46]李铁,唐伟.住宅抄表收费与管理自动化系统[J].现代电子技术.2003.(1):96-97
[47]周绪,管丽娜,白海波.SQL Server2000中文版入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:68-98
[48]李博轩.Visual C++6.0数据库开发指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:320-402.
[49]Richard J.Siinon.Windows 2000 API超级宝典[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:67-169.
[50]王罡,林立志编著.基于Windows的TCP/IP编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:98-112
[51]李博轩.Visual C++6.0网络及Internet开发指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:125-167.
[52]贾斌.网络编程技巧与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:14-43.
[2]The Chartwell AMR Report[R].2003 8th Edit.
[3]魏永静,徐建政,张民.对于智能小区远程自动抄表系统的相关思考[J].电力系统通信.2006.(02):46-49
[4]国家质量监督总局.中华人民共和国国家标准自动抄表总则[S].2002
[5]李斯春,李扬,唐国侠.基于GPRS自动抄表系统的设计[J].电子设计应用.2007(10):97-100
[6]邓文,赵伟,顾锦源等.电能自动抄表技术及相关思考[J].电测与仪表.2001.38(1):5-8
[7]蒋俊峰.自动抄表技术的研究[J].电测与仪表.2003.(5):56-58
[8]张恺,李样珍,张晶等.自动抄表系统应用模式的探讨[J].电网技术.2001.25(5):41-45
[9]张友德,赵志英,涂时亮.单片微型机原理、应用与实验[M].复旦大学出版社.2000:232-235
[10]朱兆优.RS-485总线在远程自动抄表系统中的应用[J].东华理工学报.2005.28(2):192-195
[11]RS-232,RS-422与RS-485标准及应用.http://blog.gkong.aom
[12]李正军著.现场总线与工业以太网及其应用系统设计[M].人民邮电出版社,2006
[13]文志成,张伟.GPRS网络技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2005.6
[14]钟章队等.GPRS通用分组无线业务[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2001
[15]随慧斌等.基于GPRS网络的变电站远程抄表系统[J].电力系统通信.2007.28(1):57-59
[16]姜开山.GPRS远程抄表系统应用应用实践[M].中国电力出版社.2007.1
[17]V Jacobson,R.Braden,D.Borman,TCP Extensions for High Performance[S],RFC1323(Proposed Standard,Obsolets RFC 1185),May 2003
[18][美]Pete Loshin.TCP/IP透彻理解[M].北京:电子工业出社.2003:275-312
[19][美]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP详解卷1:协议[M](英文版).北京:机械工业出版社.2002
[20]W Simpson.The Point-to-Point Protocol[S].RFC 1661.July 1994
[21]W Simpson.PPP in HDLC-like Framing[S].RFC 1662.July 1994
[22]B Lloyd.PPP Authentication Protocols[S].RFC 1334.Oct.1992
[23]G McGregor.The PPP Inetenet Protocol Control Protocol[S](IPCP).RFC1332,May.1992
[24]李志明,戴华平.直读式水表及抄表系统的研究[J].自动化仪表.2005.26(7):37-39
[25]潘柯.数字直读式远传水表从理论到现实[J].国际智能建筑.2004.(5):34-36
[26]傅永耀,孙龙杰.自动抄表系统采集器的设计[J].仪器仪表.2006.29(6):10-11
[27]STC12C5410AD系列单片机用户手册[S].http://www.mcu-memory.com/
[28]MAX485.pdf[S].http://www.21ic.tom
[29]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2003:67-85
[30]Samsung Electronics.S3C44B0 User Manual Revl.0[S].2002
[31]SST39VF160.pdf[S].http://www.21ic.com
[32]HY57V641620.pdf[S].http://www.21ic.com
[33]胥静.嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[34]RTL8019AS.pdf[S],http://www.21ic.com
[35]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统实验教程[M].北京航空航天大学出版社.2004
[36]Xacier Lagrange等.GSM网络与GPRS[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2002
[37]mc35_atc 01 v0500,pdf.(MC35 manual)[Z].siemens,com.2003
[38]AT Command Set Siemens Cellular Engines Version[S]:03.10,2002.11.01
[39]萧凤志,魏洪新.工业自动化控制系统的抗干扰措施[J].河北煤炭.2007.(6):14-15
[40]马忠梅.单片机的C语言应用程序设计第三版[M].北京航空航大大学出版2003
[41]高巍,殷小贡.用GPRS modem实现嵌入式Internet接入系统[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2005,(1):53-58
[42]David Famolari,Prathima Agrawal.Architecture and Performance of an Embedded IP Bluetooth Personal Area Network[J],IEEE International Conference on PWC.2000:75-79
[43]AdamDunkels.uIP-0.9[Z].http://www.sics.se/～adam/uip/
[44][美]Jan Axelson著.骆丽,张岳强,欧小龙译.嵌入式Ethernet和Internet通信设计技术[M].2006
[45]董玉杰,许合利,杜守恒.工业用单片机系统中的软件抗干扰技术[J].河南理工大学学报.2005.24(6):466-470
[46]李铁,唐伟.住宅抄表收费与管理自动化系统[J].现代电子技术.2003.(1):96-97
[47]周绪,管丽娜,白海波.SQL Server2000中文版入门与提高[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:68-98
[48]李博轩.Visual C++6.0数据库开发指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:320-402.
[49]Richard J.Siinon.Windows 2000 API超级宝典[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:67-169.
[50]王罡,林立志编著.基于Windows的TCP/IP编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:98-112
[51]李博轩.Visual C++6.0网络及Internet开发指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000:125-167.
[52]贾斌.网络编程技巧与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001:14-43.