银行体系失效与公司债券市场研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
论文在总结国内外公司债券理论,包括公司资本结构理论、金融中介与金融市场比较理论的基础上,论证了银行体系失效的制度根源,提出了发展公司债券市场的政策建议,并对银行体系占垄断地位的亚洲金融危机国家在1997年金融危机期间银行体系的失效以及随后迅速发展的公司债券市场进行了实证分析,从而进一步从降低金融体系风险和形成稳定的国家融资结构的角度,阐述了公司债券市场作为银行体系竞争性替代的发展趋势。
     传统金融中介理论认为,基于降低交易成本和信息成本的需要,金融中介尤其是银行中介在企业融资中发挥着比证券市场更大的作用。本文扩展了“人情式交易”概念,将其一般化为以交易者的相互了解为基础进行的自在交易。并在“人情式交易”一般范畴基础上,借鉴历史情境分析,构建了一个人情式交易拓展博弈模型,证明在唐森德不完全信息模型中,人情式交易将彻底失灵。也就是说,由于人情式交易是非市场非公开化交易,交易双方的交易内容完全是私人隐藏信息,而信息是一种公共产品、对私人隐藏信息的开发和披露存在外部性,因此人情式交易在信息机制上存在典型的囚徒困境缺陷。随着产权交易域不断扩展,交易形式和合约越来越复杂,潜在的交易者已经无法事先识别潜在的交易对手,因此必须用非人格化交易代替人情式交易。
     而银行贷款的人情式交易,其资产通用性会沉淀为资产专用性,银行的重新谈判和讨价还价能力会受到削弱,从而产生“贷款人质”问题;此外,竞争性的银行同业之间也会对抵押、担保、债权保全采取先动战略。所以银行只具有有限理性,银行人情式交易存在制度性缺陷,而金融危机不可避免。温州地下金融的初级阶段与日韩主银行制的案例证明了这一结论。
    
     相比贷款信息不能价格化、非公开交易的私人隐藏信息不能对外信号显示所
    导致的银行金融中介机制失灵,本文通过对充足统计量的证明,构建了公司债券
    市场锦标赛制,公司债券市场采取连续竞价方式、交易者人数众多且自由进出
     (“用脚投票”),因此接近完全竞争市场(“有效市场”);各公司债券同台竞技公
    开竞价(类似上市公司“登榜效应”),所有历史信息、公开信息、内幕信息都将
    作用与反映在价格信号之中,所需治理信息维数最小。能够证明,公司债券市场
    治理机制相比银行人情式交易中介治理,是一种更为有效的治理机制.
     本文并首次使用三方博弈模型对股票市场利益格局进行剖析,证明当前中国
    股票市场的失灵与偏股权融资的弊端,从而使排除法的逻辑得以完整。
     此外,从实证角度对银行体系占垄断地位的亚洲金融危机国家在1997年金
    融危机期间银行体系的失效以及随后迅速发展的公司债券市场进行了深入分析,
    这一全景式的实证研究,对推进中国金融体制整体改革(包括银行改革和建立多
    层次资本市场)具有一定现实意义。
     最后,论文对公司债券市场结构、现状、发展提出了看法和建议。
On the basis of summarizing theories relating corporate bonds, including the corporate structure theory, the financial intermediary and financial market theories, the author has proved the institutional roots for the bank system failure, brought forward some policy suggestions on developing corporate bonds. The author has also analyzed the bank failure of the South-East Asian countries which are characterized by monopoly of bank system when the financial crisis broke out in 1997 and the fast development of corporate bond market after 1997. Moreover, in the view of lower financial systemized risk and formulating the steady state financing structure, the author has stated trend of substituting bank loans for corporate bonds.
    Traditional financial intermediary theory believes that financial intermediaries especially bank intermediary plays more important role in corporate financing than the equity market. In the thesis, the author broadens the concept of personalized exchange, generalizes it as a spontaneous transaction based on the mutual understanding between trades. On the basis of personalized exchange, the author constructs an broader personalized exchange games model to prove the thoroughly failure of personalized exchange in the Townsend's incomplete information model by reference of context-specific model. Since personalized exchange is non-market non-publicly transaction, the transaction content between the traders and private conceal information, and there exists externality when exploiting and disclosing private information because information is one of public goods, so that personalized exchange has its defects as typical prisoners dilemma in information mechanism.
    
    
    Going with the width of property transaction territory, the transaction forms and contracts are more and more complex, potential traders can not identify his potential counterpart, as a result, it is necessary to substitute personalized exchange by impersonal exchange.
    However, the asset generalization of impersonal exchange such as bank loan may sunk to asset specialization, the re-negotiation and bargaining abilities of bank will be weakened, thus the problem of loan hostage rises. Furthermore, under the pressure of competence, banks may choose first move tragedy. Then, banks only have limited rationality, bank impersonal exchange has institutional defects, and financial crisis is inevitable. Case of WenZhou's underground finance, Case of Japan and Korea's master bank can all prove the conclusion.
    Comparing with bank financial intermediary mechanism failure which is characterized as loan information can not be priced and non-public transaction concealing private information can not be signaled, the author formulate a corporate bonds market rank-order tournaments by testifying sufficient statistics. Corporate bonds market can adopt continuous tournaments, traders increase and vote with feet. Corporate bonds market is similar as complete competing market, also can be called efficient market. Each corporate bond competes with each other, like listing on board, all history information, public information, inside information effect and reflect on price signaling, the information dimensions which the governance need is most small. It can be proved that corporate bonds governance mechanism is effective than bank's personalized exchange intermediary mechanism governance.
    The author use 3-party games model to analyze the stock market interest pattern, testify the stock market failure and particular press on stock finance, then perfect the
    
    logic of excluding means.
    Furthermore, the author's whole scenery research on the bank failure of the South-East Asian countries which are characterized by monopoly of bank system when the financial crisis broke out in 1997 and the fast development of corporate bond market after 1997 has factual meaning to accelerate China's financial regime reformation which includes bank reform and multi-layers capital market build.
    In the end, the author gives some suggestions and viewpoints to the structure, latest develop
引文
[1] [美]尼古拉斯·R·拉迪.中国未完成的经济改革[M].隆国强等译.北京:中国发展出版社,1999.
    [2] [日]青木昌彦.比较制度分析[M].周黎安译.上海:上海远东出版社,2001.
    [3] [美]道格拉斯·诺斯,罗伯斯·托马斯.西方世界的兴起[M].厉以平译.北京:华夏出版社,1999.
    [4] [美]道格拉斯·诺斯.经济史中的结构与变迁[M].陈郁译,上海:上海三联书店,1991。
    [5] [美]R.科斯,A.S可尔钦,D.诺斯等.财产权利与制度变迁——产权学派与新制度学派译文集[C].上海:上海三联出版社,上海人民出版社,1994
    [6] 尤金·法玛,迈克尔·詹森.所有权与控制权的分离.陈郁.所有权、控制权与激励—代理经济学文选[C].上海:上海三联出版社,上海人民出版社,1998.
    [7] [美]罗纳德·I·麦金农.经济市场化的次序—向市场经济过渡时期的金融控制[M].上海:三联出版社,1997.
    [8] [德]柯武刚、史漫飞(Wolfgang Kasper/Manfred E. Streit).制度经济学——社会秩序与公共政策[M],韩朝华译,北京:商务印书馆,2000,P347.
    [9] [美]赫伯特·E·杜格尔,弗朗西斯·J·科里根.投资学[M].任淮秀等译.北京:人民大学出版社,1990.8
    [10] [美]法博奇(Fabozzi, F. J.),莫迪利亚尼(Modigliani).资本市场:机构与工具[M].唐旭等译.北京:经济科学出版社,1998.
    [11] [美]罗伯特·齐鲁夫.债券市场运作[M].褚福灵、雷银译.北京:清华大学出版社,西蒙与舒斯特国际出版公司,1998,22.
    [12] [美]弗兰克·J·法博兹.债券市场分析和策略[M].袁东译.上海:上海证券报,百家出版社,2002.
    [13] [美]S·克里·库伯,唐纳德·R·弗雷泽.金融市场[M].北京:中国金融出版社,1987.
    [14] [美]斯蒂格利茨.经济学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1997
    [15] [美]多恩布什、费希尔.宏观经济学[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1997
    [16] [美]阿尔伯特·J·弗雷德曼,鲁斯·瓦尔斯.共同基金运作[M].北京:清华大学出版社,西蒙与舒斯特国际出版社,1998.
    [17] [美]约翰·赫尔.期权、期货和衍生工具[M].张陶伟译.北京:华夏出版社,1997.
    [18] [美]约翰·普安顿.股权融资与债务融资成本评估—公司理财的核心[M].焦军普,高扬译.北京:中国金融出版社,2003
    [19] [美]李奥奈尔·马特里尼,菲利普·普里奥兰德.固定收益证券[M].肖军译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
    [20] [美]约翰·G·格利,爱德华·S·肖.金融理论中的货币[M].上海:三联出版社,1994.
    [21] [美]雷蒙德·W·戈德史密斯.金融结构与金融发展[M].上海:三联出版社,1994.
    [22] [美]R·I·麦金农.经济发展中的货币与资本[M].上海:三联出版社,1997.
    [23] [美]奎斯塔.全球金融市场的固定收益分析[M].北京:机械工业出版
    
    社,2000.
    [24] Modigliani, F., and Miller, M., 1958, The cost of capital, corporation finance, and the theory of investment, American Economic Review, 48: 261-297.
    [25] Ross, S. A., 1977, The Determination of Financial Structure: The Incentive-Signaling Approach, Bell Journal of Economics, 8, Spring.
    [26] Allen, Franklin and Santomero, A. M., The theory of financial intermediation, Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 21, 1997, pp. 1461-1485.
    [27] Allen, Franklin and Gale, D., Financial market, intertemporal smoothing, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 105, 1997, pp. 523-546.
    [28] Grossman, Sanford and Hart, Oliver, 1982, Corporate Financial Structure and Managerial Incentive, in J. J. McCall(ed.), The Economics of Information and Uncertainty, University of Chicago Press: 123-55.
    [29] Grossman, Sanford J. and Stiglitz, Joseph E., On the impossibility of informationally efficient markets, American Economic Review, June, 1980, pp. 393-408.
    [30] Jackson, T, 1986, The Logic and Limits of Bankruptcy, Boston: Little, Brown.
    [31] Jackson, T, 1986, The Logic and Limits of Bankruptcy, Boston: Little, Brown.
    [32] Milgrom, North, Weingast(1990): The Role of Institutions in The Revival of Trade: The Law Merchant, Private Judges, and the Champagne Fairs, Economics and Politics;
    [33] Avner, Greif (1993): Contract Enforceability and Economic Institutions in Early Trade: The Maghribi' Coalition. The American Economic Review, Vol. 83, Issue3(Jun.,1993),525-548.
    [34] Hicks, J. (1969), A Theory of Economic History, Oxford: Oxford University Press;
    [35] Diamond, Douglas, 1989, Reputation acquisition in debt markets, Journal of Financial Economics 26.
    [36] Diamond, Douglas, 1991, Monitoring and Reputation: The choice between bank loans and directly placed debt, Journal of Political Economy 99.
    [37] Chemmanur, Thoma and Paolo Fulgheri, 1994, Reputation, Renegotiation, and the Choice between bank loans and Publicly traded debt, The Review of Financial Studies 7.
    [38] Brennan, Michael and Alert Kraus, 1987, Efficient financing under asymmetric information, Journal of Finance 42.
    [39] Harris, M. and Raviv, A., 1990, Capital Structure and the Information Role of Debt, Journal of Finance, 45 (June): 321-49.
    [40] Myerson. J., 1979: Incentive Compatibility and the Bargaining Problem,
    
    Econometrica 47: 61-73. 以及 1983: Efficient Mechanism of Bilateral Trading, Journal of Economic Theory 28: 265-81。
    [41] Myerson, R.,1991, Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
    [42] Fama, E. 1980, Agency Problems and the Theory of the Firm, Journal of Political Economy, 88, 288-307.
    [43] Fama, Eugene F.,1970, Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work, Journal of Finance, ⅩⅩⅤ, No. 2.
    [44] Hart, Oliver, 1995, Firms, Contracts and Financial Structure, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    [45] Spence, A. M.,1974, "Market Signaling", Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press: "Job Market Signaling", Quarterly Journal of Economics 87: 355-74。
    [46] Holmstrom, B., 1982, Moral Hazard in Team, Bell Journal of Economics 13: 324-40.
    [47] Holmstrom, B.,1982, Managerial Incentive Problems——A Dynamic Perspective, in Essays in Economics and Management in Honor of Lars Wahlbeck.
    [48] Holmstrom, B.,1979, Moral Hazard and Observability, Bell Journal of Economics 10: 74-91.
    [49] Scharfstein, D., 1985, The Disciplinary Role of Takeovers, mimeo, MIT.
    [50] Hart, O.,1983, The Market Mechanism as an Incentive Scheme, Bell Journal of Economics, 10, Fall.
    [51] Jordan, J. S.,1982, The Competitive Allocation Process in Informationally Efficient Uniquely, Journal of Economic Theory, 28, pp.1-18。
    [52] Talmor, E., 1981, Asymmetric Information, Signaling, and Optimal Corporate Financial Decisions, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 16, November.
    [53] Lazear. E., S. Rosen, 1981, Rank-Order Tournaments as Optimum Labor Contracts, Journal of Political Economy.
    [54] 梁小民.经济学发展转迹:历届诺贝尔经济学奖获得者述要[M].北京:人民日报出版社,1998
    [55] 吴敬琏.比较[C].北京:中信出版社,2002.
    [56] 张曙光.中国制度变迁的案例研究[C].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1998.
    [57] 江其务.江其务文存[C].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001.
    [58] 樊纲.论“国家综合负债”——兼论如何处理银行不良资产,刘尚希.财政风险及防范研究文集[C].北京:经济科学出版社,2000,P109-123.
    [59] 樊纲.市场机制与经济效率[M].上海:上海三联出版社,1995.
    [60] 樊纲,张晓晶.面向新世纪的中国宏观经济政策.[M]北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2000。
    [61] 张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学[M].上海:上海三联出版社,1996。
    [62] 张维迎.产权、政府与信誉[C].北京:三联书店,2001.
    
    
    [63] 张维迎.企业理论与中国企业改革[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1999.
    [64] 林毅夫.关于制度变迁的经济学理论:诱致性变迁与强制性变迁[M].上海:上海三联书店,1994.
    [65] 林毅夫,蔡昉,李周.现代企业制度的内涵与国有企业的改革方向[J].经济研究,1997(3)
    [66] 钱颖一.企业理论.汤敏,茅于轼.现代经济学前沿专题[C](一).北京:商务印书馆,1999,P21-23.
    [67] 周其仁.产权与制度变迁:中国改革的经验研究[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002.
    [68] 易纲.中国的货币、银行和金融市场:1984-1993[M].上海:三联出版社,1996
    [69] 李若谷.中国银行业改革与开放研讨会文集[C].北京:中国金融出版社,2001.
    [70] 胡汝银.中国上市公司成败实证研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2003
    [71] 易宪容.交易行为与合约选择[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1998.
    [72] 李扬,王国刚,何德旭:中国金融理论前沿[C].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003
    [73] 李扬,何德旭.经济转型中的中国金融市场[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1999
    [74] 赵守国.企业产权制度研究[M].西北大学出版社,1999
    [75] 陈野华.西方货币金融学说的新发展[M].成都:西南财经大学出版社,2001.
    [76] 张杰.制度、渐进转轨与中国金融改革[C].北京:中国金融出版社,2000.
    [77] 张杰.中国金融制度的结构与变迁[M].太原:山西出版社,1998.
    [78] 夏斌.转轨时期的中国金融问题研究[C].北京:中国金融出版社,2000.
    [79] 钱小安.中国货币政策的形成与发展[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2000.
    [80] 谈儒勇.金融发展理论与中国金融发展[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2000.
    [81] 傅志华.国家财政安全论[M].北京:人民出版社,2002.
    [82] 刘国光.2000年中国:经济形式分析与预测[M],北京:社会科学文献出版社,2000.
    [83] 陆世敏,戴国强.2002中国金融发展报告[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2002.
    [84] 萧灼基.2003年中国金融市场分析与预测[M],北京:经济科学出版社,2003
    [85] 丁一凡.平衡木上的金融游戏[M].北京:华夏出版社,2002.
    [86] 谢德仁.企业剩余索取权:分享安排与剩余计量[M].上海:三联出版社,2001.
    [87] 霍文文,胡乃红.证券投资学[M].上海:生活读书新知上海三联书店,1996
    [88] 沈艺峰.资本结构理论史[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1999
    [89] 李义超.中国上市公司资本结构研究[M].北京:中图社会科学出版社,2003
    [90] 杨家新.公司股利政策研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002
    [91] 王玮,陈力峰.债券投资法律事务[M].北京:中信出版社,2003.
    [92] 王蔚松.企业金融行为[M].北京:中央广播电视大学出版社,2001.
    [93] 张宗新.中国融资制度创新研究[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2003.
    [94] 潘敏.资本结构、金融契约与公司治理[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2002.
    [95] 杨家新.公司股利政策研究[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002.
    [96] 时建中.可转换公司债法论[M].北京:法律出版社,2000.
    [97] 万解秋.企业融资结构研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2001.
    
    
    [98] 朱叶.中国上市公司资本结构研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2003
    [99] 王宁.企业融资研究[M].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2002.
    [100] 张兴胜.经济转型与金融支持[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2002.
    [101] 李军.企业融资[M].北京:民主与建设出版社,2001.
    [102] 曹晋生.企业发展中的银行融资[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2002.
    [103] 孙强,郭树华.信息非对称条件下的资本市场[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002
    [104] 周首华,陆正飞,汤谷良.现代财务理论前沿专题[C].大连:东北财经大学出版社,2000
    [105] 时建龙.国债市场论.上海:上海人民出版社,1998.10,P86.
    [106] 李武好.中国经济发展中财政政策与货币政策[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001.
    [107] 何志刚.中国债券融资功能研究[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2003.
    [108] 周爱民.金融工程学[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2003.
    [109] 中国证券业协会编.证券发行与承销[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,2002
    [110] 刘振亚.美国债券市场[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2001.
    [111] 于学军.金融实践中的理论思考[M].北京:中国金融出版社,2002.
    [112] 陈抗,Arye L.Hillman,顾清扬.财政集权与地方政府行为变化—从援助之手到攫取之手[J].经济学(季刊),2002(10),P111—130。
    [113] 杨瑞龙.阶梯式的渐进制度变迁模型—再论地方政府在我国制度变迁中的作用[J].经济研究 2000(3)
    [114] 耿明斋,邓淑斌.重新认识我国的场外交易市场[J].财贸经济,2003(2)
    [115] 谭雅玲.万亿热钱冲击经济秩序、人民币不当热钱靶子[J].国际先驱导报,2003-8-23.
    [116] 张亦春,周颖刚.信息不对称,企业改革和证券市场[J].经济研究,1997(5),P28
    [117] 崔嵬,陈力峰.银行间债券市场的竞争性和非竞争性的双边报价分析[J].上海证券报,2003-10-10.
    [118] 郭树清.发展市政债和公司债——完善金融体系的当务之急[J].中国货币市场,2001(11).
    [119] 王爱俭.虚拟经济与实体经济的关系研究[J].人大复印资料.理论经济学,2003(7),P94
    [120] 国家开发银行总经济师高坚认为,债市面临发展良机[J].证券时报,2002-8-6.
    [121] 章融,金雪军.对噪声交易的分类研究[J].财贸经济,2003(7)
    [122] 李再扬,冯根福.西方金融市场效率理论发展述评[J].财贸经济.2003(7)
    [123] 吴凤云,赵静梅.流动性、交易制度与“庄家现象”[J],经济评论,2003(4)
    [124] 翟林瑜.从代理理论看国有企业改革的方向[J].经济研究,1995(2).
    [125] 秦国楼,张海苗.金融市场与金融中介的功能比较分析[J].人大复印资料·投资与证券,2003(8)
    [126] 金融机构改革与重组—泰国的教训[J],内部资料,2000(7)
    [127] 汪辉.上市公司债务融资、公司治理与市场价值[J].经济研究,2003(8)
    [128] 韩德宗,向凯.我国上市公司债权融资结构的实汪研究—以医药、生物制品行业为例[J].经济科学,2003(2).
    
    
    [129] 谭锦,姚晓民.上市公司股权融资过度偏好透析[J],生产力研究,2003(3).
    [130] 石劲磊.上市公司股权结构与治理效率的实证分析[J],经济评论,2003(4)
    [131] 董秀良,薛丰慧.股权结构、股东行为与核心代理问题研究[J],经济评论,2003(4).
    [132] 余志宏,段红涛.资本结构、契约理论与上市公司治理[J],经济评论,2003(3).
    [133] 黄贵海,宋敏.两大主流资本结构理论概述[J],经济学动态,2003(3),
    [134] 柳松.西方资本结构理论演进的述评及其研究启示[J],人大复印资料.理论经济学,2003(8).
    [135] [美]奥立弗·E.威廉姆斯.从选择到契约:作为治理结构的企业理论[J].经济社会体制比较,2003(3)
    [136] 余伟萍,陈进,胡豪.信息时代条件下的企业组织变革研究[J].财经研究,2003(6)
    [137] 姚佐文,陈晓剑.企业融资的激励与控制理论评介[J].经济学动态,2003(8)
    [138] 李志文,宋衍蘅.影响中国上市公司配股决策的因素分析.经济科学,2003(3)
    [139] 钱春海,欧阳令南.公司治理结构悖论:提出与解读[J].财经研究,2003(9)
    [140] 李焰,刘丹.实物期权,二项式定价模型与融资结构—不确定性环境下初创企业融资决策探讨[J].财经研究,2003(5)
    [141] 徐涛,万解秋.迈克尔·詹森对金融与经济学的贡献[J].经济学动态,2003(6)
    [142] 覃家琦.论不对称信息条件下的企业融资[J].经济评论,2003(5)
    [143] 邹欣.新时期中国企业债市场监管问题研究[J].财贸经济,2003(5)
    [144] 靳涛.从交易成本的争议到契约理论的深化[J].财经理论与实践,2003(9)
    [145] 王国刚.发展企业债券市场[J].投资与证券,2003(10)
    [146] 刘志彪,姜付秀,卢二坡.资本结构与产品市场竞争强度[J].经济研究,2003(7)
    [147] 赵敏敏.企业债券市场发展的多元依据[J].财经科学,2003(5)
    [148] 刘宏.企业债券与信用评级市场[J].投资与证券,2003(1)
    [149] 张衍.债权融资,券商的最爱[J].投资与证券,2003(6)
    [150] 王铁锋.中国可转换公司债券投资价值研究[J].财贸经济,2003(8)

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700