基于效率和安全的人行横道合理间距研究
摘要
随着社会经济的发展,城市交通问题已经越来越受到人们的重视,而步行是城市交通中一种重要的出行方式,在某些情况下甚至是不可取代的。行人是交通环境中的“弱势群体”,尤其是在人行横道处,而人行横道是我国城市中行人过街设施中的重要组成部分。在行人需要穿过街道的时候,若满足行人自由自在过街要求,势必会损害行人安全,同时也会影响车辆通畅行驶。因此如何缓解路段上过街行人与机动车之间的冲突,如何提高行人过街效率及机动车的运行效率,人行横道的合理设置有着重要的意义。
本文依托国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(编号:2005CB724205),针对目前城市交通现状结合机动车和行人各自的交通特性,提出相应的人行横道合理间距。依据这两方面进行改善,最终提高交通流的运行效率,尽可能保障行人过街的安全性。
本文研究各种城市道路条件下人行横道处行人交通流的相关特性,定性分析了人行横道处人、车运行的相互干扰过程、行人过街的运动特性、行人过街的心理特性以及行人过街效率分析;并在其理论分析的基础之上,针对和平大道人行横道处的实际情况,进行实际观察和试验数据的分析,并结合前人分析结果,分析了行人到达人行横道的规律、行人过街的速度特性及过往车辆的速度特性,借助于VISSIM仿真环境,建立了行人过街与车辆相互作用的仿真模型,获得通行能力、车均延误、人均延误、冲突数等相关评价指标,并通过Matlab程序计算得最大李亚普诺夫指数获得交通流稳定性,依据交通流的运行特征推出人行横道上的行人过街量。
通过SPSS对各个指标进行相关分析,得到各指标不可能在同一间距下取得最优值,则需要结合道路管理功能,综合分析不同功能道路对安全、效率与稳定的不同需求,采用多目标决策方法来确定安全、效率与稳定三者之间的平衡点,最终确定各种道路条件下人行横道的合理佳间距,研究结果对于改善交通流的稳定、效率和安全性具有一定的借鉴意义。
With the development of economy and society, urban traffic problem has been paid to more and more attention. Walking is an important way as urban traffic, even irreplaceable in some cases. Pedestrians are in the municipal transportation important component, also are "disadvantaged groups" in the traffic environment, especially in crosswalk, and crosswalk is an important component in the pedestrian street facility. When pedestrians need to cross through the crosswalk, if satisfying the pedestrian free street request, it will inevitably harm the safety of pedestrians, and simultaneously affect the vehicles travel smoothly. How to alleviate conflict between pedestrians and vehicles on the road? How to raise pedestrian crossing efficiency and vehicles operating efficiency? It has the vital significance to establishment the reasonable distance of crosswalk. The paper studies vehicle and pedestrian traffic characteristics based on a grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2005CB724205), propose the relevant reasonable distances. Then the traffic flow efficiency and pedestrian safety are improved based on these two aspects.
The paper studies the characteristics of traffic flow in crosswalk. It analyzes the mutual disturbance process of vehicle and pedestrian qualitatively. It analyzes the pedestrian movement characteristics, psychological characteristics as well as the efficiency. Base on theoretical analysis, the paper does actual observation and analysis of the test data on the basis of above theoretical analysis according to actual situation of crosswalk in HEPING Road near the Gate of Wuhan University of Technology. It analyzes the rule of pedestrian arriving at the crosswalk, the characteristics of pedestrian velocity and the Passing vehicle. Under the VISSIM software environment, build the model of pedestrian and vehicle affecting mutually, obtain the related evaluating index of traveling capability, vehicular delay and pedestrian delay and conflicts. To get the traffic flow stability through computing the largest Lyapunov index by Matlab, also get the quantity of pedestrian crossing street based on the characteristics of traffic flow. Analyze correlation coefficients among all indexes, find that it isn't impossible to obtain optimum value under some distance, then need to consider the road management function.
After generalized analysis, obtain the safety, efficiency and stability demand of different road, chose the multi-objective decision making method to determine the balance point among the safety, efficiency and the stability, then finally determine the reasonable distance of crosswalk under all road conditions. The study findings have certain significance to improving stability, safety and efficiency of pedestrian.
本文依托国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(编号:2005CB724205),针对目前城市交通现状结合机动车和行人各自的交通特性,提出相应的人行横道合理间距。依据这两方面进行改善,最终提高交通流的运行效率,尽可能保障行人过街的安全性。
本文研究各种城市道路条件下人行横道处行人交通流的相关特性,定性分析了人行横道处人、车运行的相互干扰过程、行人过街的运动特性、行人过街的心理特性以及行人过街效率分析;并在其理论分析的基础之上,针对和平大道人行横道处的实际情况,进行实际观察和试验数据的分析,并结合前人分析结果,分析了行人到达人行横道的规律、行人过街的速度特性及过往车辆的速度特性,借助于VISSIM仿真环境,建立了行人过街与车辆相互作用的仿真模型,获得通行能力、车均延误、人均延误、冲突数等相关评价指标,并通过Matlab程序计算得最大李亚普诺夫指数获得交通流稳定性,依据交通流的运行特征推出人行横道上的行人过街量。
通过SPSS对各个指标进行相关分析,得到各指标不可能在同一间距下取得最优值,则需要结合道路管理功能,综合分析不同功能道路对安全、效率与稳定的不同需求,采用多目标决策方法来确定安全、效率与稳定三者之间的平衡点,最终确定各种道路条件下人行横道的合理佳间距,研究结果对于改善交通流的稳定、效率和安全性具有一定的借鉴意义。
With the development of economy and society, urban traffic problem has been paid to more and more attention. Walking is an important way as urban traffic, even irreplaceable in some cases. Pedestrians are in the municipal transportation important component, also are "disadvantaged groups" in the traffic environment, especially in crosswalk, and crosswalk is an important component in the pedestrian street facility. When pedestrians need to cross through the crosswalk, if satisfying the pedestrian free street request, it will inevitably harm the safety of pedestrians, and simultaneously affect the vehicles travel smoothly. How to alleviate conflict between pedestrians and vehicles on the road? How to raise pedestrian crossing efficiency and vehicles operating efficiency? It has the vital significance to establishment the reasonable distance of crosswalk. The paper studies vehicle and pedestrian traffic characteristics based on a grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2005CB724205), propose the relevant reasonable distances. Then the traffic flow efficiency and pedestrian safety are improved based on these two aspects.
The paper studies the characteristics of traffic flow in crosswalk. It analyzes the mutual disturbance process of vehicle and pedestrian qualitatively. It analyzes the pedestrian movement characteristics, psychological characteristics as well as the efficiency. Base on theoretical analysis, the paper does actual observation and analysis of the test data on the basis of above theoretical analysis according to actual situation of crosswalk in HEPING Road near the Gate of Wuhan University of Technology. It analyzes the rule of pedestrian arriving at the crosswalk, the characteristics of pedestrian velocity and the Passing vehicle. Under the VISSIM software environment, build the model of pedestrian and vehicle affecting mutually, obtain the related evaluating index of traveling capability, vehicular delay and pedestrian delay and conflicts. To get the traffic flow stability through computing the largest Lyapunov index by Matlab, also get the quantity of pedestrian crossing street based on the characteristics of traffic flow. Analyze correlation coefficients among all indexes, find that it isn't impossible to obtain optimum value under some distance, then need to consider the road management function.
After generalized analysis, obtain the safety, efficiency and stability demand of different road, chose the multi-objective decision making method to determine the balance point among the safety, efficiency and the stability, then finally determine the reasonable distance of crosswalk under all road conditions. The study findings have certain significance to improving stability, safety and efficiency of pedestrian.
引文
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