挖泥船机械设备远程监测与诊断系统设计
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摘要
机械设备工况监测与诊断技术上世纪60年代起源于西方，80、90年代得到了迅速的发展，技术和分析手段得到了不断的完善和提高，它首先被用于航空航天及一些大型军事设备，现正逐步应用于大型民用设施，但在挖泥船上进行远程诊断系统开发国内尚未见报道，进行相关研究其意义是重大的。
由于挖泥船性能的不断改善和操作及施工自动化程度的不断提高，对挖泥船的机电设备技术管理的要求越来越高，而目前的技术手段和管理措施不能满足挖泥船技术管理的要求。随着科学技术的进步，计算机技术、网络通讯技术、故障诊断技术的不断发展，为远程故障诊断技术的实现提供了必要的技术基础。将基于Internet的应用技术、智能计算方法与传统的船舶状态监测与故障诊断技术相结合，在具有首冲功能的300方自航耙吸挖泥船上构造一种全新的故障诊断系统，即开发一套基于网络的挖泥船主要机械设备远程状态监测和故障诊断系统，为疏浚作业的技术人员提供及时可靠的技术指导和处理措施，满足疏浚作业安全、设备状态监测和故障诊断、实船和基地管理和维修决策的需求，提高设备利用率和管理水平。
本文首先论述了该领域国内外的发展；其次说明了本研究对象设备配置、监测及故障诊断需求；第三开展了系统故障分析，得出了有助于提高设备管理水平的结论；第四进行了机械设备监测及诊断功能框架设计；最后论述了本文研究对象远程监测及诊断系统的结构及系统设计。
本文的研究结果将有助于提高挖泥船设备管理的水平、提高船舶的利用率、提高船舶营运效率和效益。
The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of mechanical equipments came from the west in 1960. And it was rapidly developed between 1980 and 1990. When its technology and ways of analyses were consummated and improved continuously. It was applied to space flight and some large military equipment at first. Now it is applied to public establishments slowly. But it is never reported in China that the long-distance diagnosis system for dredger is reported. So it is important to make interrelated research.
The requirement of dredger's mechanical and electrical equipments' is more and more high because of the continuing consummation of dredger's capability and continuing improving of automation of operation and construction. But the technology and management at present are not satisfied with the requirement of dredger's technical management. With the development of science and technology, the distance diagnosis can come into practice with the necessary technical base of the continuing development of technology of computer, web communication and failure diagnosis. Under the condition of applied technology based on internet combined with intellective computational ways and traditional marine condition monitoring, we can construct a new failure diagnosis system (to develop a distance condition monitoring and failure diagnosis system for main mechanic equipments) in dredger. It can offer timely credible technical guidance and steps to dredging technician. It is satisfied with the need of dredging security, equipments' condition monitoring and failure diagnosis, maintenance decision of the shipping and its base. So it can improve the equipments' using efficiency and management level.
This paper discusses the native and foreign development in this field firstly. Then the configure of the researched object and the need of monitoring and failure diagnosis are showed. Thirdly, the systemic failure is analyzed. Fourthly, the functional structure of mechanical equipments' monitoring and diagnosis is designed. Lastly, the structure and systemic designing of the distance monitoring and diagnosis system are discussed.
The research result in this article will help improving the dredger's equipment management level, the marine ship using rate, the efficiency and benefit of marine work.
由于挖泥船性能的不断改善和操作及施工自动化程度的不断提高，对挖泥船的机电设备技术管理的要求越来越高，而目前的技术手段和管理措施不能满足挖泥船技术管理的要求。随着科学技术的进步，计算机技术、网络通讯技术、故障诊断技术的不断发展，为远程故障诊断技术的实现提供了必要的技术基础。将基于Internet的应用技术、智能计算方法与传统的船舶状态监测与故障诊断技术相结合，在具有首冲功能的300方自航耙吸挖泥船上构造一种全新的故障诊断系统，即开发一套基于网络的挖泥船主要机械设备远程状态监测和故障诊断系统，为疏浚作业的技术人员提供及时可靠的技术指导和处理措施，满足疏浚作业安全、设备状态监测和故障诊断、实船和基地管理和维修决策的需求，提高设备利用率和管理水平。
本文首先论述了该领域国内外的发展；其次说明了本研究对象设备配置、监测及故障诊断需求；第三开展了系统故障分析，得出了有助于提高设备管理水平的结论；第四进行了机械设备监测及诊断功能框架设计；最后论述了本文研究对象远程监测及诊断系统的结构及系统设计。
本文的研究结果将有助于提高挖泥船设备管理的水平、提高船舶的利用率、提高船舶营运效率和效益。
The condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of mechanical equipments came from the west in 1960. And it was rapidly developed between 1980 and 1990. When its technology and ways of analyses were consummated and improved continuously. It was applied to space flight and some large military equipment at first. Now it is applied to public establishments slowly. But it is never reported in China that the long-distance diagnosis system for dredger is reported. So it is important to make interrelated research.
The requirement of dredger's mechanical and electrical equipments' is more and more high because of the continuing consummation of dredger's capability and continuing improving of automation of operation and construction. But the technology and management at present are not satisfied with the requirement of dredger's technical management. With the development of science and technology, the distance diagnosis can come into practice with the necessary technical base of the continuing development of technology of computer, web communication and failure diagnosis. Under the condition of applied technology based on internet combined with intellective computational ways and traditional marine condition monitoring, we can construct a new failure diagnosis system (to develop a distance condition monitoring and failure diagnosis system for main mechanic equipments) in dredger. It can offer timely credible technical guidance and steps to dredging technician. It is satisfied with the need of dredging security, equipments' condition monitoring and failure diagnosis, maintenance decision of the shipping and its base. So it can improve the equipments' using efficiency and management level.
This paper discusses the native and foreign development in this field firstly. Then the configure of the researched object and the need of monitoring and failure diagnosis are showed. Thirdly, the systemic failure is analyzed. Fourthly, the functional structure of mechanical equipments' monitoring and diagnosis is designed. Lastly, the structure and systemic designing of the distance monitoring and diagnosis system are discussed.
The research result in this article will help improving the dredger's equipment management level, the marine ship using rate, the efficiency and benefit of marine work.
引文
[1] [日]野中保雄，可靠性数据的收集与分析方法，机械工业出版社
[2] 梅启智等，系统可靠性工程基础，科学出版社，1987．2
[3] [美]E．J．亨利等，可靠性工程与风险分析，原子能出版社
[4] 徐书，舰船维修性定量参数的选择，中国修船，1994．3P39-42
[5] 严立等，内燃机磨损及可靠性技术，人民交通出版社，1992．6
[6] [日]盐见 弘等，故障模式和影响分析与故障树分析的应用，机械工业出版社
[7] 阎凤文等，设备故障和人误数据分析评价方法，原子能出版社
[8] Arnzen,H.E., Failure mode and effect analysis; a powerful engineering tool for component and system optimization, Annals of Rel.& Main.,Vol.5-achieving system effectiveness,pp,355-371, ASTM, 1966.
[9] 王超等，机械可靠性工程，冶金工业出版社，1992．6
[10] 李延杰，故障模式及效应分析中的模糊危害度，系统工程理论与实践，1993．1P57-60
[11] 四川机械工程学会，设备维修专业委员会，机器可靠性，四川人民出版社，1983．12
[12] 侯天理等，柴油机手册，上海交通科技大学出版社，1993．12
[13] 〖苏〗Л。В。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基，柴油机技术诊断，国防工业出版社，1989．10
[14] 刘奕龙等，小型柴油机故障的判断与处理，人民交通出版社，1984．8
[15] 杜荣铭，船舶柴油机，大连海运学院出版社，1992．12
[16] 张乐天，民用船舶动力装置，人民交通出版社，1985．6
[17] W．E．维齐利，故障树手册，原子能出版社，1987
[18] [美]童洲等，评审程序手册，宇航出版社
[19] 黄洪钟，模糊故障树理论及其在机械加工系统可靠性分析中的应用研究，机械设计与制造，1994．1P2-5
[20] [苏]C．B．阿斯塔霍夫等，船用机械设计与使用可靠性评价，国防工业出版社，1987
[21] 上海航道局，疏浚工程手册
[22] Douglas C.Brauer and Greg D.Brauer, Reliability-Centered Maintenance, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY, Vol.R-36,No.1,1987.APRIL P17-23
[23] Frank A. Van der Duyn Schouten and Charles S. Tapiero, OR Models for maintenance Management and Quality Control, European Journal of Operational Research 82(1995)211-213
[24] Maintenance Management-A New Paradigm John Moubray[U.K]
[25] Snrague. R. Jr. DSS in Context. Decision Support Systems. 3(1987)197-202.
[26] Fully prepared for RRDM (remote repair and diagnostics) support. http://www.emed.com/products_services/infrastructure.asp、
[27] 羡永宽．船舶动力装置可靠性．北京：国防工业出版社，1992
[28] 崔朗然．舰船柴油机动力装置．北京：国防工业出版社，1986，195-230
[29] 张春来．船用设备适修性指标的选取．大连海事大学学报，2000．26(1)：52-55
[30] 潘新祥等．船舶动力设备最佳维修周期的确定．大连海事大学学报，1997．23(3)：63—66
[31] 詹志刚等．故障树分析技术在液压舵机系统故障检测中的应用．武汉造船，2000．2：16—32
[32] 刘晓红等．模糊数学在柴油机动力装置故障分析中的应用．大连海事大学学报，1995．21(1)：19—24
[33] Reiter T. A logic for default reasoning. Artificial Intelligence, vol. 13, 1980
[34] G. Rizzoni. Diagnosis of individual cylinder misfires by signature analysis of crankshaft speed fluctuations. SAE paper, 1989, no. 890884:P1572-1580
[35] 孟宪尧，智能型船舶机舱监测报警系统，大连海事大学学报，2001．8：22—25
[2] 梅启智等，系统可靠性工程基础，科学出版社，1987．2
[3] [美]E．J．亨利等，可靠性工程与风险分析，原子能出版社
[4] 徐书，舰船维修性定量参数的选择，中国修船，1994．3P39-42
[5] 严立等，内燃机磨损及可靠性技术，人民交通出版社，1992．6
[6] [日]盐见 弘等，故障模式和影响分析与故障树分析的应用，机械工业出版社
[7] 阎凤文等，设备故障和人误数据分析评价方法，原子能出版社
[8] Arnzen,H.E., Failure mode and effect analysis; a powerful engineering tool for component and system optimization, Annals of Rel.& Main.,Vol.5-achieving system effectiveness,pp,355-371, ASTM, 1966.
[9] 王超等，机械可靠性工程，冶金工业出版社，1992．6
[10] 李延杰，故障模式及效应分析中的模糊危害度，系统工程理论与实践，1993．1P57-60
[11] 四川机械工程学会，设备维修专业委员会，机器可靠性，四川人民出版社，1983．12
[12] 侯天理等，柴油机手册，上海交通科技大学出版社，1993．12
[13] 〖苏〗Л。В。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基，柴油机技术诊断，国防工业出版社，1989．10
[14] 刘奕龙等，小型柴油机故障的判断与处理，人民交通出版社，1984．8
[15] 杜荣铭，船舶柴油机，大连海运学院出版社，1992．12
[16] 张乐天，民用船舶动力装置，人民交通出版社，1985．6
[17] W．E．维齐利，故障树手册，原子能出版社，1987
[18] [美]童洲等，评审程序手册，宇航出版社
[19] 黄洪钟，模糊故障树理论及其在机械加工系统可靠性分析中的应用研究，机械设计与制造，1994．1P2-5
[20] [苏]C．B．阿斯塔霍夫等，船用机械设计与使用可靠性评价，国防工业出版社，1987
[21] 上海航道局，疏浚工程手册
[22] Douglas C.Brauer and Greg D.Brauer, Reliability-Centered Maintenance, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RELIABILITY, Vol.R-36,No.1,1987.APRIL P17-23
[23] Frank A. Van der Duyn Schouten and Charles S. Tapiero, OR Models for maintenance Management and Quality Control, European Journal of Operational Research 82(1995)211-213
[24] Maintenance Management-A New Paradigm John Moubray[U.K]
[25] Snrague. R. Jr. DSS in Context. Decision Support Systems. 3(1987)197-202.
[26] Fully prepared for RRDM (remote repair and diagnostics) support. http://www.emed.com/products_services/infrastructure.asp、
[27] 羡永宽．船舶动力装置可靠性．北京：国防工业出版社，1992
[28] 崔朗然．舰船柴油机动力装置．北京：国防工业出版社，1986，195-230
[29] 张春来．船用设备适修性指标的选取．大连海事大学学报，2000．26(1)：52-55
[30] 潘新祥等．船舶动力设备最佳维修周期的确定．大连海事大学学报，1997．23(3)：63—66
[31] 詹志刚等．故障树分析技术在液压舵机系统故障检测中的应用．武汉造船，2000．2：16—32
[32] 刘晓红等．模糊数学在柴油机动力装置故障分析中的应用．大连海事大学学报，1995．21(1)：19—24
[33] Reiter T. A logic for default reasoning. Artificial Intelligence, vol. 13, 1980
[34] G. Rizzoni. Diagnosis of individual cylinder misfires by signature analysis of crankshaft speed fluctuations. SAE paper, 1989, no. 890884:P1572-1580
[35] 孟宪尧，智能型船舶机舱监测报警系统，大连海事大学学报，2001．8：22—25