车身造型设计的创新性研究
|
摘要
随着我国本土汽车产业的发展,基于本土文化背景和生活环境的汽车造型设计创新日益受到重视,企业和学校都加大了对汽车造型自主创新的研究力度。在汽车制造技术,生产管理以及车身结构等领域,经过数十年的发展已经积累了一定的开发能力。但在车身造型创新设计方面仍然存在明显的劣势,因此在车型的开发上对国外技术有很高的依赖性。只有开展本土的汽车造型设计创新研究才能真正实现汽车制造产业的本土化发展。
汽车造型的设计创新源于对用户需求的深入研究和对社会背景、技术发展的全面理解。车身造型是整个汽车开发体系的灵魂,他不但是汽车整体性能和企业制造技术的直接外在体现,同时也是汽车文化建立和发展的重要载体。在汽车开发过程中,车身造型的建立即明确了车型的市场细分及其生产制造的相关技术标准。
汽车造型创新设计是一个系统的创新过程。本文从理论上对汽车造型创新方法进行了探讨,并研究了当前进行设计创新的条件和关键背景因素,指出它们对当前汽车造型设计的影响。提出了在汽车造型创新设计过程中如何发现设计需求,并在设计过程中实现创新目标的有效方法和原则。
基于上述研究,本文以东风电动警车的开发过程为案例,论证了在创新实践中本创新性研究的有效性和完整性。我们通过对开发前期的用户研究和需求定义明确了设计方向,并制定了有效的创新计划和约束,针对目前电动车设计存在的问题展开创新性开发。实践表明,本创新方法能够有效的提高汽车造型设计的有效性和创新性,取得了良好的效果。
With the development of domestic auto industry, the innovation of automotive style design based on native culture background and living environment is paid attention to day by day. Enterprises and school have all strengthened the study on independent innovation of automotive style design. After decades of development, enterprises have accumulated certain development ability in fields such as car manufacturing technology, production management and body structure, etc. But there is still a very high dependence to foreign technology in the development of product, because of the inferior position of innovation. Only launching the localization innovates and studies of automotive style design will really realize the native development of automotive industry.
Automotive innovative design comes from the in-depth study of user needs and a comprehensive understanding of social background and development of technology. The body design is the soul of vehicle development system. It was also the important carriers that car culture set up and developed. During the development, the setting-up of the model of automobile body defined the market segments and relevant technical standards for manufacture.
Automotive style design is a systematic innovative course. This paper has carried on the discussion to the innovative method of the car model theoretically. It’s also studied the condition and key background factor to carry on the design at present and pointed out their impact on shape-designing of present car. It’s put forward effective method and principle for how to find the demand and control the goal of innovation during the innovative design process of car body.
Based on the research described above, this paper regards the development course of Dongfeng electronic police car as the case, and proved the validity and integrality of the study in practice. By the early development of user-centered research, we defined the needs and design direction, and then develop an effective plan of innovation and constraints to solve the problem of current design. Practice shows that this innovative approach can effectively improve the effectiveness of vehicle design and innovation, have achieved good results.
汽车造型的设计创新源于对用户需求的深入研究和对社会背景、技术发展的全面理解。车身造型是整个汽车开发体系的灵魂,他不但是汽车整体性能和企业制造技术的直接外在体现,同时也是汽车文化建立和发展的重要载体。在汽车开发过程中,车身造型的建立即明确了车型的市场细分及其生产制造的相关技术标准。
汽车造型创新设计是一个系统的创新过程。本文从理论上对汽车造型创新方法进行了探讨,并研究了当前进行设计创新的条件和关键背景因素,指出它们对当前汽车造型设计的影响。提出了在汽车造型创新设计过程中如何发现设计需求,并在设计过程中实现创新目标的有效方法和原则。
基于上述研究,本文以东风电动警车的开发过程为案例,论证了在创新实践中本创新性研究的有效性和完整性。我们通过对开发前期的用户研究和需求定义明确了设计方向,并制定了有效的创新计划和约束,针对目前电动车设计存在的问题展开创新性开发。实践表明,本创新方法能够有效的提高汽车造型设计的有效性和创新性,取得了良好的效果。
With the development of domestic auto industry, the innovation of automotive style design based on native culture background and living environment is paid attention to day by day. Enterprises and school have all strengthened the study on independent innovation of automotive style design. After decades of development, enterprises have accumulated certain development ability in fields such as car manufacturing technology, production management and body structure, etc. But there is still a very high dependence to foreign technology in the development of product, because of the inferior position of innovation. Only launching the localization innovates and studies of automotive style design will really realize the native development of automotive industry.
Automotive innovative design comes from the in-depth study of user needs and a comprehensive understanding of social background and development of technology. The body design is the soul of vehicle development system. It was also the important carriers that car culture set up and developed. During the development, the setting-up of the model of automobile body defined the market segments and relevant technical standards for manufacture.
Automotive style design is a systematic innovative course. This paper has carried on the discussion to the innovative method of the car model theoretically. It’s also studied the condition and key background factor to carry on the design at present and pointed out their impact on shape-designing of present car. It’s put forward effective method and principle for how to find the demand and control the goal of innovation during the innovative design process of car body.
Based on the research described above, this paper regards the development course of Dongfeng electronic police car as the case, and proved the validity and integrality of the study in practice. By the early development of user-centered research, we defined the needs and design direction, and then develop an effective plan of innovation and constraints to solve the problem of current design. Practice shows that this innovative approach can effectively improve the effectiveness of vehicle design and innovation, have achieved good results.
引文
1陈浩.分析弊端-车展过后看中国汽车设计现状. www.che168.com
2万凌兴.汽车造型设计流程.同济同捷汽车工程研究院,2007
3 J. D. Power.新浪汽车调研. http://auto.sina.com.cn
4 J. D. Power新浪汽车调研. http://auto.sina.com.cn
5唐纳德高斯,杰拉尔德温伯格.需求探索.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
6汤翎燕.未来汽车设计发展趋势.包装工程,2006
[1]王文博.创意思维与设计.北京:中国纺织出版社, 1998
[2]黄向东.汽车空气动力学与车身造型.北京:人民交通出版社, 2000
[3] (法)R.巴特.符号学美学.董学文,王葵译.辽宁:辽宁人民出版社, 1987
[4]亚当斯,简素译.创意人的思考.台北远流出版事业股份有限公司, 1987
[5]朱上上,刘爱军,罗仕鉴.设计思维与方法.长沙:湖南大学出版社, 2005
[6] Claude D, Johnson. Globalization, Sustainable Development and Social Responsibility. The Role of Civil Engineer [M]. Canadian: DEV Press, 2000
[7] CC Chan. Electric Vehicle Development Strategy and Key Technology-an Overview [J]. Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineer, 1997
[8]李健保,李敬锋.新能源材料及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[9]陈全世.燃料电池电动汽车.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[10] (法)米盖尔·杜夫海纳.美学与哲学.上海:上海译文出版社, 1985
[11]赵江洪.设计心理学.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004
[12] R. Cervero. The Transit Metropolis [M].Washington, D. C.: Island Press, 1988
[13]凌永成.现代汽车与汽车文化.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[14] A. Downs. Still Stuck in Traffic [M].Washington, D. C.: Brooking Institution Press, 2004
[15]张占斌.比较优势中国汽车产业的政策模式战略.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[16]曹蓉蓉,吴毅.创新意识与能力.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2000
[17]小田柿浩三.汽车设计.徐逢缘译.北京:机械工业出版社, 1990
[18] (美)唐纳德高斯,杰拉尔德温伯格.探索需求.章柏幸译.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[19]高庆年.造型艺术心理学.北京:知识出版社, 1988
[20] (瑞士)伊顿.造型与形式构成.曾雪梅,周至禹译.天津:天津人民美术出版社,1990
[21]鲁道夫·阿恩海姆.视觉思维.北京:光明日报出版社, 1987
[22] Shepard. R. H. Externalization of Mental Images and the Act of Thinking. New York: Academic Press, 2000
[23]严扬,刘志国,高华云.汽车造型设计概论.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[24]董建明.人机交互:以用户为中心的设计和评估.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[25]帅石金.汽车文化.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[26]张同,朱曦.创意表达.北京:东方出版中心, 2004
[27] Bourne. Reinventing the Suburb: Old Myths and New Realities [J]. Canadian:DEV Press, 1997
[28] (美)鲁道夫·阿恩海姆.视觉思维――审美直觉心理学.滕守尧译.四川人民出版社, 1998
[29] Dormer Peter. The Meaning of Modern Design. London: Thames and Hudson, 1991
[30] (美)诺曼著.设计心理学.梅琼译.北京:中信出版社, 2003
[31] Sheppard Anne. Aesthetics: An introduction to the philosophy of art. Liaoning Education Press, 1998
[32](法)莫隆.美学与心理学.陈本益译.上海:学林出版社, 1992
[33]陈清泉,孙逢春.现代电动汽车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2002
[34]杨裕富.创意活力――产品设计方法论.长春:吉林科学技术出版社, 2004
[35]王望予.汽车设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000
[36] Larry Edsall. The car design yearbook. London: TIMES BOOKS INTE, 2003
[37]刘惟信.汽车设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001
[38] Kevin N. Otto, Kristin L. Wood. Product Design:Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2003
[39]杨德林.新产品概念开发.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[40] Reed Elsevier,Car Design News/Museum of Modern Art, Museum of Modern Art-New York City NY, 2003
[41] James M. Utterback. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1999
[42] T Kodama. Research and Development of Advanced Batteries and Fuel Cells [A]. Japan: JSAE Advanced EV Technology, 1998
[43]孟少农.汽车设计方法论.北京:机械工业出版社, 1992
2万凌兴.汽车造型设计流程.同济同捷汽车工程研究院,2007
3 J. D. Power.新浪汽车调研. http://auto.sina.com.cn
4 J. D. Power新浪汽车调研. http://auto.sina.com.cn
5唐纳德高斯,杰拉尔德温伯格.需求探索.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
6汤翎燕.未来汽车设计发展趋势.包装工程,2006
[1]王文博.创意思维与设计.北京:中国纺织出版社, 1998
[2]黄向东.汽车空气动力学与车身造型.北京:人民交通出版社, 2000
[3] (法)R.巴特.符号学美学.董学文,王葵译.辽宁:辽宁人民出版社, 1987
[4]亚当斯,简素译.创意人的思考.台北远流出版事业股份有限公司, 1987
[5]朱上上,刘爱军,罗仕鉴.设计思维与方法.长沙:湖南大学出版社, 2005
[6] Claude D, Johnson. Globalization, Sustainable Development and Social Responsibility. The Role of Civil Engineer [M]. Canadian: DEV Press, 2000
[7] CC Chan. Electric Vehicle Development Strategy and Key Technology-an Overview [J]. Transactions of the Hong Kong Institution of Engineer, 1997
[8]李健保,李敬锋.新能源材料及其应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[9]陈全世.燃料电池电动汽车.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[10] (法)米盖尔·杜夫海纳.美学与哲学.上海:上海译文出版社, 1985
[11]赵江洪.设计心理学.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004
[12] R. Cervero. The Transit Metropolis [M].Washington, D. C.: Island Press, 1988
[13]凌永成.现代汽车与汽车文化.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[14] A. Downs. Still Stuck in Traffic [M].Washington, D. C.: Brooking Institution Press, 2004
[15]张占斌.比较优势中国汽车产业的政策模式战略.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[16]曹蓉蓉,吴毅.创新意识与能力.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2000
[17]小田柿浩三.汽车设计.徐逢缘译.北京:机械工业出版社, 1990
[18] (美)唐纳德高斯,杰拉尔德温伯格.探索需求.章柏幸译.北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[19]高庆年.造型艺术心理学.北京:知识出版社, 1988
[20] (瑞士)伊顿.造型与形式构成.曾雪梅,周至禹译.天津:天津人民美术出版社,1990
[21]鲁道夫·阿恩海姆.视觉思维.北京:光明日报出版社, 1987
[22] Shepard. R. H. Externalization of Mental Images and the Act of Thinking. New York: Academic Press, 2000
[23]严扬,刘志国,高华云.汽车造型设计概论.北京:清华大学出版社, 2005
[24]董建明.人机交互:以用户为中心的设计和评估.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003
[25]帅石金.汽车文化.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[26]张同,朱曦.创意表达.北京:东方出版中心, 2004
[27] Bourne. Reinventing the Suburb: Old Myths and New Realities [J]. Canadian:DEV Press, 1997
[28] (美)鲁道夫·阿恩海姆.视觉思维――审美直觉心理学.滕守尧译.四川人民出版社, 1998
[29] Dormer Peter. The Meaning of Modern Design. London: Thames and Hudson, 1991
[30] (美)诺曼著.设计心理学.梅琼译.北京:中信出版社, 2003
[31] Sheppard Anne. Aesthetics: An introduction to the philosophy of art. Liaoning Education Press, 1998
[32](法)莫隆.美学与心理学.陈本益译.上海:学林出版社, 1992
[33]陈清泉,孙逢春.现代电动汽车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2002
[34]杨裕富.创意活力――产品设计方法论.长春:吉林科学技术出版社, 2004
[35]王望予.汽车设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2000
[36] Larry Edsall. The car design yearbook. London: TIMES BOOKS INTE, 2003
[37]刘惟信.汽车设计.北京:清华大学出版社, 2001
[38] Kevin N. Otto, Kristin L. Wood. Product Design:Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2003
[39]杨德林.新产品概念开发.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006
[40] Reed Elsevier,Car Design News/Museum of Modern Art, Museum of Modern Art-New York City NY, 2003
[41] James M. Utterback. Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1999
[42] T Kodama. Research and Development of Advanced Batteries and Fuel Cells [A]. Japan: JSAE Advanced EV Technology, 1998
[43]孟少农.汽车设计方法论.北京:机械工业出版社, 1992