硅橡胶基高介电高弹性纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
橡胶基高弹性高介电常数的复合材料由于其简单及低温条件的加工工艺,特别是其具有良好的柔顺性等特点,在电机工程应用领域正在引起极大的关注,例如应用在电缆附件材料方面,因为这种高介电材料可以平衡电缆终端不均匀的电场分布,从而防止电力设备的故障问题。在这个领域,人们正在寻求一种具有高介电常数、低介电损耗的橡胶基复合材料。
为了制备高介电常数弹性体复合材料,本研究以纳米级钛酸钡(BT)和碳黑(CB)为填料,以在橡胶家族中绝缘性能优异的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)为基体,采用溶液法制备三相橡胶基纳米复合材料;研究了填料的含量、频率等因素对复合材料介电性能的影响,得到了具有高介电常数的复合材料(在频率为10~3Hz下,当f_(CB)=0.0375时,介电常数可达到960),并确定了较低的渗流阈值(f_(CB)=0.0355),同时发现当CB的体积分数控制在f_(CB)=0.035以下时,此方法获得的复合材料的介电性能(介电常数、体积电阻率和介电损耗值)均能很好的符合电缆终端对介质材料的要求,克服了以往此类材料介电常数低、介电损耗高的不足。同时获得的高介电、低损耗复合材料可以在许多方面得到实际应用。
High elastic rubber-matrix composites with high dielectric permittivity are attracting great attention due to their easy,low-temperature processing and flexibility especially in electrical engineering application,such as potential cable accessories,because they could balance the distribution of electric field of cable termination to prevent from cable failure.In this field,one has to explore some flexible rubber matrix composites with high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss.
Three-component rubber matrix nanocomposites consisting of nanosize barium titanate(BT) and carbon black(CB) and methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) were fabricated by solution method.Studies on effect of content of fillers and frequency on dielectric property showed that composites had high dielectric permittivity 960 when the frequency is 10~3 Hz and f_(CB)=0.0375,and a low percolation threshold f_c=0.0355;The dielectric properties of the composite, such as dielectric permittivity,conductivity and dielectric loss could meet the requirement of cable accessories.And the composites may overcome the disadvantage of cable accessories with low dielectric permittivity and high loss.At the same time,these composites with high dielectric permittivity can be used in many fields.
为了制备高介电常数弹性体复合材料,本研究以纳米级钛酸钡(BT)和碳黑(CB)为填料,以在橡胶家族中绝缘性能优异的甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)为基体,采用溶液法制备三相橡胶基纳米复合材料;研究了填料的含量、频率等因素对复合材料介电性能的影响,得到了具有高介电常数的复合材料(在频率为10~3Hz下,当f_(CB)=0.0375时,介电常数可达到960),并确定了较低的渗流阈值(f_(CB)=0.0355),同时发现当CB的体积分数控制在f_(CB)=0.035以下时,此方法获得的复合材料的介电性能(介电常数、体积电阻率和介电损耗值)均能很好的符合电缆终端对介质材料的要求,克服了以往此类材料介电常数低、介电损耗高的不足。同时获得的高介电、低损耗复合材料可以在许多方面得到实际应用。
High elastic rubber-matrix composites with high dielectric permittivity are attracting great attention due to their easy,low-temperature processing and flexibility especially in electrical engineering application,such as potential cable accessories,because they could balance the distribution of electric field of cable termination to prevent from cable failure.In this field,one has to explore some flexible rubber matrix composites with high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss.
Three-component rubber matrix nanocomposites consisting of nanosize barium titanate(BT) and carbon black(CB) and methyl vinyl silicone rubber (VMQ) were fabricated by solution method.Studies on effect of content of fillers and frequency on dielectric property showed that composites had high dielectric permittivity 960 when the frequency is 10~3 Hz and f_(CB)=0.0375,and a low percolation threshold f_c=0.0355;The dielectric properties of the composite, such as dielectric permittivity,conductivity and dielectric loss could meet the requirement of cable accessories.And the composites may overcome the disadvantage of cable accessories with low dielectric permittivity and high loss.At the same time,these composites with high dielectric permittivity can be used in many fields.
引文
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