棉针织物常压空气等离子体前处理工艺研究
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摘要
本文概述了棉针织物等离子体前处理加工的意义、等离子技术和各种工艺的现状和发展、等离子体作用原理和影响等离子的各种因素以及棉纤维及其共生物的结构和化学组成。在此基础上,详细探讨了棉针织物介质阻挡放电前处理工艺。通过测试处理后织物的失重率、白度、毛效、顶破强力,与常规前处理工艺进行对比,最后筛选出适合实际生产的等离子前处理工艺。研究表明,介质阻挡空气等离子体处理主要作用于其表面,再经低浓度烧碱和双氧水短时间处理,能达到或超过常规前处理的效果,具有节能和减少污染等优点。
经优化得到等离子体前处理工艺流程。第一步进行等离子处理:功率为75w,时间为5min;第二步煮漂:工艺配方为烧碱1.5g╱L,双氧水5ml/L→浸布、振荡保温(85℃,30min)→加HAc(65℃,6min)→50℃温水洗→冷水洗→晾干至恒重。等离子前处理工艺节省了污染严重的精练渗透剂,降低了煮布温度并缩短了煮布时间,节约能源,减少了污染。研究表明:选用此工艺对棉针织前处理后的各项指标均达到常规前处理要求,可以实现干法等离子体前处理短流程工艺。
另外,还对常规前处理工艺和等离子前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能进行了比较。采用活性染料红3BS,分别染0.5%(owf)、1.0%(owf)、1.5%(owf)三种浓度,测试染色后织物的上染率、色差分析、摩擦牢度及耐洗牢度,结果发现等离子前处理工艺已达到或超过常规前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能。
In this thesis,cotton knitting fabric pretreatment technologies by using an atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with air were reviewed.The present situation and development of plasma and their using technologies were also studied.The principles of plasma,the effect factors of the plasma were discussed.The structure and chemistry composition of the cotton were involved.On this basis,detailed discussion on the cotton knitting fabric DBD pretreatment process is carried out.By comparing with conventional pretreatment process,a suitable plasma technology for cotton knitting fabric pretreatment were obtained by measuring some fabric properties such as weight loss percentage, capillarity effect,degree of whiteness,bursting strength and so on.It is showed in this research that the region of dielectric barrier air plasma treatment is limited to fabric surface,and by a short-time treatment of low concentration of soda and peroxide,the pretreatment effect can be achieved or exceed the conventional one with saving energy and reducing pollution.
The optimized plasma pretreatment process:first,the plasma processing with power of 75 watt for 5 min;second,scouring and bleaching:solution composition liquid caustic soda 1.0 g /L and peroxide 5 ml/L→immersing cloth sample→shaking at constant temperature of 85℃for 30min→adding acetic acid at temperature of 65℃for 6min→hot water washing at temperature of 50℃→cold water washing→drying to constant weight.In the plasma pretreatment technology,scouting penetranting agent is not needed so serious pollution can be induced,and the temperature and time for scouring and bleaching is decreased,therefore,energy consumption can be greatly reduced.The results show that better cotton knitting fabric properties were obtained by plasma than that by the conventional pretreatment process,so short-step processing of dry plasma pre-treatment can be achieved
The dying properties of fabrics pretreated by plasma were compared with that by the conventional one.In three concentration of reactive dyes red 3BS(C.I.195),0.5%,1.0%, 1.5%,the dye-up take,color deviation and color fastness to washing and rubbing of the samples are tested respectively.The results show that the dying properties of fabrics pretreated by the plasma technologies maintain or exceed the conventional properties.
经优化得到等离子体前处理工艺流程。第一步进行等离子处理:功率为75w,时间为5min;第二步煮漂:工艺配方为烧碱1.5g╱L,双氧水5ml/L→浸布、振荡保温(85℃,30min)→加HAc(65℃,6min)→50℃温水洗→冷水洗→晾干至恒重。等离子前处理工艺节省了污染严重的精练渗透剂,降低了煮布温度并缩短了煮布时间,节约能源,减少了污染。研究表明:选用此工艺对棉针织前处理后的各项指标均达到常规前处理要求,可以实现干法等离子体前处理短流程工艺。
另外,还对常规前处理工艺和等离子前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能进行了比较。采用活性染料红3BS,分别染0.5%(owf)、1.0%(owf)、1.5%(owf)三种浓度,测试染色后织物的上染率、色差分析、摩擦牢度及耐洗牢度,结果发现等离子前处理工艺已达到或超过常规前处理工艺处理后织物的染色性能。
In this thesis,cotton knitting fabric pretreatment technologies by using an atmospheric pressure plasma treatment with air were reviewed.The present situation and development of plasma and their using technologies were also studied.The principles of plasma,the effect factors of the plasma were discussed.The structure and chemistry composition of the cotton were involved.On this basis,detailed discussion on the cotton knitting fabric DBD pretreatment process is carried out.By comparing with conventional pretreatment process,a suitable plasma technology for cotton knitting fabric pretreatment were obtained by measuring some fabric properties such as weight loss percentage, capillarity effect,degree of whiteness,bursting strength and so on.It is showed in this research that the region of dielectric barrier air plasma treatment is limited to fabric surface,and by a short-time treatment of low concentration of soda and peroxide,the pretreatment effect can be achieved or exceed the conventional one with saving energy and reducing pollution.
The optimized plasma pretreatment process:first,the plasma processing with power of 75 watt for 5 min;second,scouring and bleaching:solution composition liquid caustic soda 1.0 g /L and peroxide 5 ml/L→immersing cloth sample→shaking at constant temperature of 85℃for 30min→adding acetic acid at temperature of 65℃for 6min→hot water washing at temperature of 50℃→cold water washing→drying to constant weight.In the plasma pretreatment technology,scouting penetranting agent is not needed so serious pollution can be induced,and the temperature and time for scouring and bleaching is decreased,therefore,energy consumption can be greatly reduced.The results show that better cotton knitting fabric properties were obtained by plasma than that by the conventional pretreatment process,so short-step processing of dry plasma pre-treatment can be achieved
The dying properties of fabrics pretreated by plasma were compared with that by the conventional one.In three concentration of reactive dyes red 3BS(C.I.195),0.5%,1.0%, 1.5%,the dye-up take,color deviation and color fastness to washing and rubbing of the samples are tested respectively.The results show that the dying properties of fabrics pretreated by the plasma technologies maintain or exceed the conventional properties.
引文
[1]徐谷仓.我国染整前处理工艺的现状和发展(一)[J].印染,2004,18:46-48.
[2]针织工程手册编委会编 针织工程手册[M].(染整分册)中国纺织出版社,1995,3-12.
[3]赵有芳,郑党怀.低温练漂剂在棉针织物中的应用[J].印染,2007,(16):32-33.
[4]杨平.煮练酶SKD-301在机织物前处理的应用[J].印染,2004,30(1):12-14.
[5]于伟东.纺织加工中的等离子体技术应用现状及基本问题[J].纺织导报,2006,(3):21-23.
[6]马晓光,石开通.氧微波低温等离子体用于棉针织物前处理探讨[J].针织工业,2004,8(4):78-80.
[7]雪燕,于彩虹.棉织物的等离子体与生物酶联合前处理工艺[J].纺织导报,2004,(3):62-66.
[8]Yasuda H.Plasma Chemistry of Polymer.New York:Marcel Dicker,INC 1976:15-52.
[9]Pavlath.E.Plasma Treatment of Natural Materials.New York:Marcel Dkker,INC,1976:149-173.
[10]Bradley.RH.Oxygen Plasma Modification of Wool Fiber Surface.Journal of Chemical and Biotechnology,1993,(53):3-6.
[11]孙丹梅译.等离子体技术与织物处理[J].国外纺织技术,2001,(12):17-18.
[12]徐学基,诸定昌.气体放电物理[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1996.
[13]J R Foth.Industrial Plasma Engineering.Principles Institute of Physics Publishing,1995,11.
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[15]陈杰容.低温等离子体化学及应用[M].科学出版社.1995.
[16]张砚巨.高分子材料表向等离子体改性研究,人连理工人学博士学位论文.
[17]邓沁兰,董明君.可染聚丙烯纤维的研究与开发[J],广东化纤,2000,(3):31-33.
[18]Zhang Z.binding Menges B.TimmonsR B.Surface plasma on resonance studies of protein binding on plasma polymerized di(ethylene glyco)monovinyl ether films,Langmuir,2003,19:4765-4770.
[19]李笃民,贾德民.等离子体技术对高分子材料的表而处理[J],高分子材料科学与工程,1999,15(3):172-175.
[20]Zhang G Q et al.Prac.ISPC-13,Beijing:Peking Univ.Press,1997,1933-1938.
[21]侯健,刘先锋,候惠奇等.常压非平衡态等离子体降解挥发性烃类污染物,上海环境科学[J].1999,19(3):277-280.
[22]Eliasson B,Kogelschatz U.Modeling and application of silent discharge plasma,IEEE Tran,Plasma Sci,1991,19(2):309-323.
[23]Kogelschatz U,Eliasson B,Egli W,Dielectric-barrier discharges principle and applications,International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases(ICPIGⅩⅩⅢ),Toulouse,France,1997,July:17-22.
[24]王燕,赵艳辉.DBD等离子体及其应用技术的发展,自然杂志,2002,24(5):277-282.
[25]扎柯希柯夫,波斯特尼斯夫.棉纤维素[M].北京:国防出版社.1957.
[26]王菊生,孙恺.染整工艺原理[M](第二册).北京:纺织工业出版社.1987.
[27]高淑珍,赵欣.生态染整技术[M].化学工业出版社.2003.464-467.
[28]殷保璞.等离子体表面处理在织物前处理工艺上的应用[J].纺织学报,1992,3:22-26.
[29]陈维国.染整技术发展中的近代物理方法[J].丝绸,1995,(5):18-19
[30]汪昆华,罗传秋,周啸.聚合物近代仪器分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000,173-174.
[31]章民交.国内外印染前处理技术新进展[J].印染助剂,2007,24(7):6-9.
[32]殷保璞.等离子体表面处理在织物前处理工艺上的应用[J].纺织学报,1992,3:22-26.
[33]K.K.wong,X.M.Tao,K.W.YeungANDC·W·M·Yuen.Low Temperature Plasma Treatment of Linen[J].Textile Res.J.1999,69(11):846-855.
[34]K.K.wong,X.M.Tao,K.W.YeungANDC.W.M.Yuen.Topographical Study of Low temperature Plasma Treated FlaxFibers[J].Textile Res.J.2000,70(10):886-893.
[35]#12
[36]#12
[37]陈杰珞.低温等离子体化学及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,205-206.
[38]马晓光,石开通.氧微波低温等离子体用于棉针织物前处理探讨[J].针织工业2004,8(4):78-80.
[39]徐顺成,赵四伟,何照兴.快速无碱氧漂工艺的应用[J].印染,2002,(9):8-10.
[40]蔡再生,邱夷平,Marian McCord.常压等离子退除PVA浆料机理探讨[J].纺织学报,2005,12,26(6):5-8.
[41]蔡再生,邱夷平,Marian McCord.常压等离子体处理退浆[J].印染,2005,(22):12-15.
[42]潘强余等译.高聚物的界面与粘结[M].北京:纺织工业出版社,1987.
[43]J.R.罗思.工业等离子体过程[M].科学出版社,1998.
[2]针织工程手册编委会编 针织工程手册[M].(染整分册)中国纺织出版社,1995,3-12.
[3]赵有芳,郑党怀.低温练漂剂在棉针织物中的应用[J].印染,2007,(16):32-33.
[4]杨平.煮练酶SKD-301在机织物前处理的应用[J].印染,2004,30(1):12-14.
[5]于伟东.纺织加工中的等离子体技术应用现状及基本问题[J].纺织导报,2006,(3):21-23.
[6]马晓光,石开通.氧微波低温等离子体用于棉针织物前处理探讨[J].针织工业,2004,8(4):78-80.
[7]雪燕,于彩虹.棉织物的等离子体与生物酶联合前处理工艺[J].纺织导报,2004,(3):62-66.
[8]Yasuda H.Plasma Chemistry of Polymer.New York:Marcel Dicker,INC 1976:15-52.
[9]Pavlath.E.Plasma Treatment of Natural Materials.New York:Marcel Dkker,INC,1976:149-173.
[10]Bradley.RH.Oxygen Plasma Modification of Wool Fiber Surface.Journal of Chemical and Biotechnology,1993,(53):3-6.
[11]孙丹梅译.等离子体技术与织物处理[J].国外纺织技术,2001,(12):17-18.
[12]徐学基,诸定昌.气体放电物理[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,1996.
[13]J R Foth.Industrial Plasma Engineering.Principles Institute of Physics Publishing,1995,11.
[14]吴人杰.高聚物的表面与界面[M].科学出版社.1998.
[15]陈杰容.低温等离子体化学及应用[M].科学出版社.1995.
[16]张砚巨.高分子材料表向等离子体改性研究,人连理工人学博士学位论文.
[17]邓沁兰,董明君.可染聚丙烯纤维的研究与开发[J],广东化纤,2000,(3):31-33.
[18]Zhang Z.binding Menges B.TimmonsR B.Surface plasma on resonance studies of protein binding on plasma polymerized di(ethylene glyco)monovinyl ether films,Langmuir,2003,19:4765-4770.
[19]李笃民,贾德民.等离子体技术对高分子材料的表而处理[J],高分子材料科学与工程,1999,15(3):172-175.
[20]Zhang G Q et al.Prac.ISPC-13,Beijing:Peking Univ.Press,1997,1933-1938.
[21]侯健,刘先锋,候惠奇等.常压非平衡态等离子体降解挥发性烃类污染物,上海环境科学[J].1999,19(3):277-280.
[22]Eliasson B,Kogelschatz U.Modeling and application of silent discharge plasma,IEEE Tran,Plasma Sci,1991,19(2):309-323.
[23]Kogelschatz U,Eliasson B,Egli W,Dielectric-barrier discharges principle and applications,International Conference on Phenomena in Ionized Gases(ICPIGⅩⅩⅢ),Toulouse,France,1997,July:17-22.
[24]王燕,赵艳辉.DBD等离子体及其应用技术的发展,自然杂志,2002,24(5):277-282.
[25]扎柯希柯夫,波斯特尼斯夫.棉纤维素[M].北京:国防出版社.1957.
[26]王菊生,孙恺.染整工艺原理[M](第二册).北京:纺织工业出版社.1987.
[27]高淑珍,赵欣.生态染整技术[M].化学工业出版社.2003.464-467.
[28]殷保璞.等离子体表面处理在织物前处理工艺上的应用[J].纺织学报,1992,3:22-26.
[29]陈维国.染整技术发展中的近代物理方法[J].丝绸,1995,(5):18-19
[30]汪昆华,罗传秋,周啸.聚合物近代仪器分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000,173-174.
[31]章民交.国内外印染前处理技术新进展[J].印染助剂,2007,24(7):6-9.
[32]殷保璞.等离子体表面处理在织物前处理工艺上的应用[J].纺织学报,1992,3:22-26.
[33]K.K.wong,X.M.Tao,K.W.YeungANDC·W·M·Yuen.Low Temperature Plasma Treatment of Linen[J].Textile Res.J.1999,69(11):846-855.
[34]K.K.wong,X.M.Tao,K.W.YeungANDC.W.M.Yuen.Topographical Study of Low temperature Plasma Treated FlaxFibers[J].Textile Res.J.2000,70(10):886-893.
[35]#12
[36]#12
[37]陈杰珞.低温等离子体化学及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001,205-206.
[38]马晓光,石开通.氧微波低温等离子体用于棉针织物前处理探讨[J].针织工业2004,8(4):78-80.
[39]徐顺成,赵四伟,何照兴.快速无碱氧漂工艺的应用[J].印染,2002,(9):8-10.
[40]蔡再生,邱夷平,Marian McCord.常压等离子退除PVA浆料机理探讨[J].纺织学报,2005,12,26(6):5-8.
[41]蔡再生,邱夷平,Marian McCord.常压等离子体处理退浆[J].印染,2005,(22):12-15.
[42]潘强余等译.高聚物的界面与粘结[M].北京:纺织工业出版社,1987.
[43]J.R.罗思.工业等离子体过程[M].科学出版社,1998.