基于CSCW和分布式数据库技术的物流信息系统设计与实现
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摘要
随着企业信息化进程的加速和电子商务时代的到来，信息技术已经发展到社会的每一个角落。再加上流通业务的大规模发展，流通产业和生产系统的高度化发展使得物流活动有了飞跃性的发展。所有的这些都使得现代物流不仅仅是一种管理商品运输、保管的事务性活动，它需要适应全球制造业的发展和社会生产的极大复杂化的需求。这就要求物流业要有更加完美的适应性发展。所以应时代的要求，现代物流需要和网络、信息、计算机等技术的结合。本文系统的分析了物流业的发展和趋势；对CSCW和分布式数据库技术都作了较为全面的论述；此外，结合课题，还对分布式数据库设计过程中所遇到的问题，提出了解决方法。
当今，由于随着社会的发展和科技的进步，各种工作变得越来越复杂。因此CSCW思想在当今社会中变得日益重要。CSCW的研究目标就是利用计算机和通信技术来克服小组工作的时间和空间的障碍，从而取得更高的工作效率。本文介绍了CSCW的三要素：通信、合作、协调；CSCW的系统分类。并且还详细分析了研究CSCW系统时所应注意的主要问题。
分布式数据库技术是分布式技术与数据库技术的结合，在数据库研究领域中已有多年的历史。它具有数据的分布性和数据库间的协调性两大特点。在分布式数据库系统中强调结点的自治性而不强调系统的集中控制，且系统应保持数据的分布透明性，从而使应用程序编写时可完全不考虑数据的分布情况。本文系统的介绍了分布式数据库的相关概念，分布式数据库系统的特点和结构以及分布式数据库的设计准则和步骤等等。讲述了分布式数据库在物流系统的体系结构中的体现。结合课题，以交通运输物流信息系统为原型系统，进行分布式数据库设计：给出了E-R图、数据存储机制的选择、分布式数据库的访问方式。以实例描述分布式事务处理、分布查询等。此外本文还详细介绍了分布式死锁检测算法和假死锁以及解决方法。
本文详细介绍了基于CSCW和分布式数据库技术的交通运输物流信息系统的总体框架和各个功能模块，并配以业务流程图、功能框图和数据流图以及系统的运行界面加以说明。文中以运输模块为主要研究对象，详细介绍了此功能模块的设计和开发过程。
本系统选取ASR.NET作为前端开发工具，选取Microsoft SQL Server 2000进行后台数据库管理。采用B／S模式提供给用户灵活、友好的界面。实现交通运输物流系统的各个功能模块。
Recently, with the development of Manager Information System and the arrival of E-business times, The Technique of communication have reached anywhere of the world. In addition to the large-scale development of the Circulating Operation, The high development of Circulating Industry and Production System has made the logistics industry a great improvement. And all these factors make logistics is not only a kind of campaign, it must, adapt to the development of global manufacturing industry and the maximum complication of the Society manufacture. It need logistics have more perfect adaptable development. Thus respond to the age-request, Modern logistics should be combined with the technique of network, information and computer etc. In this paper, the Developing Tendency of the logistics is systemic analyzed; CSCW and technique of Distributed Database is general described; besides, combined with topic, bring the approach to the problem in database design.
Now, With the development of society and the advancement of Science and Technology, all kinds of jobs become more and more complex. So CSCW is increasingly important. The goal of research is to use computer and communication technique to overcome spatial and temporal obstacles of group work. Consequently, work efficiency is enhanced. In this paper the three factors of CSCW: communication, cooperation and harmony; Classifying of CSCW system is introduced. The main problems of CSCW system are analyzed in detail.
Distributed database is the production that was combined by the computer network and database technology. It has a many years history in database domain. It has its own two specialties: distributing of data; reconciliation of data. In distributed database system, it is not the centralized control of system but the site autonomy is emphasized. And the system should keep the data distributed, and then, the instance of data' s distributing can be ignored when program the application. The paper defines the concept of Distributed Database, the characteristics and structure of the Distributed Database System, the design rule and step of the Distributed Database, etc. Also the paper describes the materialization of Distributed Database on the configuration of Logistics System. Combined with the topic, adopt the logistics system as the archetype system, design the distributed database of the system:
the E-R chart, selecting of data storage mechanism, Accessing mode of the distributed database is given in the paper. And then describe distributed Transaction Process and distributed query, etc. besides, Deadlock Detection Algorithms in distributed database is deeply
analyzed.
With ASP. NET as fore-end develop environment, SQL Server 2000 as database management tool on the background, Use B/S mode offer the users flexibility and friendly interface. And then, realize all modules of the logistics system.
当今，由于随着社会的发展和科技的进步，各种工作变得越来越复杂。因此CSCW思想在当今社会中变得日益重要。CSCW的研究目标就是利用计算机和通信技术来克服小组工作的时间和空间的障碍，从而取得更高的工作效率。本文介绍了CSCW的三要素：通信、合作、协调；CSCW的系统分类。并且还详细分析了研究CSCW系统时所应注意的主要问题。
分布式数据库技术是分布式技术与数据库技术的结合，在数据库研究领域中已有多年的历史。它具有数据的分布性和数据库间的协调性两大特点。在分布式数据库系统中强调结点的自治性而不强调系统的集中控制，且系统应保持数据的分布透明性，从而使应用程序编写时可完全不考虑数据的分布情况。本文系统的介绍了分布式数据库的相关概念，分布式数据库系统的特点和结构以及分布式数据库的设计准则和步骤等等。讲述了分布式数据库在物流系统的体系结构中的体现。结合课题，以交通运输物流信息系统为原型系统，进行分布式数据库设计：给出了E-R图、数据存储机制的选择、分布式数据库的访问方式。以实例描述分布式事务处理、分布查询等。此外本文还详细介绍了分布式死锁检测算法和假死锁以及解决方法。
本文详细介绍了基于CSCW和分布式数据库技术的交通运输物流信息系统的总体框架和各个功能模块，并配以业务流程图、功能框图和数据流图以及系统的运行界面加以说明。文中以运输模块为主要研究对象，详细介绍了此功能模块的设计和开发过程。
本系统选取ASR.NET作为前端开发工具，选取Microsoft SQL Server 2000进行后台数据库管理。采用B／S模式提供给用户灵活、友好的界面。实现交通运输物流系统的各个功能模块。
Recently, with the development of Manager Information System and the arrival of E-business times, The Technique of communication have reached anywhere of the world. In addition to the large-scale development of the Circulating Operation, The high development of Circulating Industry and Production System has made the logistics industry a great improvement. And all these factors make logistics is not only a kind of campaign, it must, adapt to the development of global manufacturing industry and the maximum complication of the Society manufacture. It need logistics have more perfect adaptable development. Thus respond to the age-request, Modern logistics should be combined with the technique of network, information and computer etc. In this paper, the Developing Tendency of the logistics is systemic analyzed; CSCW and technique of Distributed Database is general described; besides, combined with topic, bring the approach to the problem in database design.
Now, With the development of society and the advancement of Science and Technology, all kinds of jobs become more and more complex. So CSCW is increasingly important. The goal of research is to use computer and communication technique to overcome spatial and temporal obstacles of group work. Consequently, work efficiency is enhanced. In this paper the three factors of CSCW: communication, cooperation and harmony; Classifying of CSCW system is introduced. The main problems of CSCW system are analyzed in detail.
Distributed database is the production that was combined by the computer network and database technology. It has a many years history in database domain. It has its own two specialties: distributing of data; reconciliation of data. In distributed database system, it is not the centralized control of system but the site autonomy is emphasized. And the system should keep the data distributed, and then, the instance of data' s distributing can be ignored when program the application. The paper defines the concept of Distributed Database, the characteristics and structure of the Distributed Database System, the design rule and step of the Distributed Database, etc. Also the paper describes the materialization of Distributed Database on the configuration of Logistics System. Combined with the topic, adopt the logistics system as the archetype system, design the distributed database of the system:
the E-R chart, selecting of data storage mechanism, Accessing mode of the distributed database is given in the paper. And then describe distributed Transaction Process and distributed query, etc. besides, Deadlock Detection Algorithms in distributed database is deeply
analyzed.
With ASP. NET as fore-end develop environment, SQL Server 2000 as database management tool on the background, Use B/S mode offer the users flexibility and friendly interface. And then, realize all modules of the logistics system.
引文
[1] 周龙骧等．分布式数据库实现技术．科学出版社，1998：21～68
[2] 周龙骧．分布式数据库管理系统的实现技术．中国地址大学出版社，1993：10～36
[3] 陈建容．分布式数据库设计导论．清华大学出版社，1992：51～70
[4] 史美林，向勇，杨光信等．计算机支持的协调工作理论与应用．电子工业出版社，2000，12：16～39
[5] 丁松涛，徐振成等．SQL Server 2000数据库管理与开发．人民邮电出版社，2001，4：158～173
[6] 宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社，2000，4：1～19
[7] 王涛．多层分布式数据库．实战清华大学出版社，2001，8：1～4
[8] 杨德元．分布数据库管理系统概论．清华大学出版社，1987，7：85～122
[9] 欧阳京武，王辽生，朱敏．分布式数据库系统概论。航空工业出版社．1989：149～61
[10] 施伯乐，顾宁，刘国华等译．数据库处理——基础、设计与实现．电子工业出版社，2001，3：21～40
[11] 萨师煊，王珊．数据库系统概论．高等教育出版社，2002：412～435
[12] 王以和，涂小平．分布式数据库系统．电子工业出版社，1998：26～35
[13] 施伯乐等．数据库系统导论．高等教育出版社，1998：176～185
[14] 袁明，石树刚，郑振楣等．域与分布式数据库的完整性．计算机工程与应用，1992 (9)
[15] 郑振楣，于戈，郭敏．分布式数据库．科学出版社，1999：21～36
[16] 李昭原．数据库技术新进展．清华大学出版社，1997：113～118
[17] 徐泽同．分布式数据库．工程设计CAD及自动化，1998(4)
[18] 恽国兴，戴国洪，严隽琪，马登哲．基于分布式数据库系统的CAPP及实施．机械设计与制造，2001(
[19] 彭岩，鄢琦，齐剑锋等．基于大系统理论的分布式数据库系统设计与分析．计算机工程，2002，Vol．28 No．7
[20] 袁晓洁，徐雷．数据库系统教程．南开大学出版社，1995，11
[21] 李平安，张明，罗州平．分布式数据库系统概论．科学出版社，1992，8
[22] 毋河海．地图数据库系统．测绘出版社，1991，11
[23] M．Tamer?zsu Patrick Valduriez．分布式数据库系统原理．清华大学出版社，2002，6
[24] 牛龙平，张勇．论商科高等院校网络数据库与Web技术的融合．http://www.lzcc.edu.cn
[25] 刘方鑫．数据库原理与技术．电子工业出版社，2002，2
[26] (美)Hector Garcia-Molina Jeffrey D．Ullman Jennifer widom．数据库系统实现．机械工业出版社，2002，1
[27] 刘家书．新编数据库应用基础．科学出版社，2002，2
[28] (美)Patrick O Neil Elizabeth O Neil．数据库原理、编程与性能．机械工业出版社，2002，1
[29] (美)Peter Rob．数据库设计与开发教程．电子工业出版社，2002，1
[30] 杜军平，黄杰．SQL Server 2000数据库开发．机械工业出版社，2001，8
[31] (美)Ryan K．Stephens Ronald R．Plew．数据库设计．机械工业出版社，2001，9
[32] 李存斌．数据库应用技术：SQL Server 2000简明教程．水利水电出版社，2001，8
[33] 李劲，谢兆阳．SQL Server 2000数据库设计与系统管理．清华大学出版社，2001，7
[34] (美)微软公司．Microsoft SQL Server 2000数据库编程．北京希望电子出版社，2001，5
[35] Bryan Syverson.Murach's SQL for SQL Server. Mike Murach & Associates, 2002
[36] SEATTLE. MySQL Database Available on IBM eServer zSeries. http://www. mysql. com/press
[37] Zhang Ning. Shortest Path Queries in Very Large Spatial Databases. School of Computer Science, Master of Mathematics(MMath),2001
[38] Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke. DatabaseManagement Systems. September 9, 2002
[39] Aboulnaga, Ashraf Ismail. Cost estimation techniques for database systems. THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON, 2002
[40] Boonjing, Veera. A metadata search approach to natural language database query. RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 2002
[41] Chanda, William Matthew. Implementation of subqueries in a relational database management system. UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE, 2002
[42] Chang, Conrad Tze Kong. Adaptive multi-granularity locking protocol in object-oriented databases. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, 2002
[43] Chen, Zhiyuan. Building compressed database systems. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 2002
[44] Cristofor, Laurentiu Bogdan. Mining rules in single-table and multiple- table databases. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON, 2002
[45] Das, Amarendra Kumar. Temporal mediation of relational databases for clinical decision support. STANFORD UNIVERSITY, 2002
[46] Anderson, James C, James A.A Model of Distribution Firm and Manufacturing Firm Working Partnership. Journal of Marketing, 54:42～58
[47] Blackburn, J.D. The Quick Response Movement in the Apparel Industry:Acase Atudy in Time-Compressing Supply Chains. J. D. Blackburn, (ed), Tome-based Competition, Richard D. Irwin:246～269
[48] Simon Leonard S. Measuring the Market Impact of technical Services. Journal of Marketing Research, 2
[49] http://www.mmit.stc.sh.cn/cscwforum/Cscwconcept/CSCWconcept.htm
[50] 冯晨华等．CSCW系统中共享对象的协作支持模型．计算机研究与发展，No．3 1999
[51] Tang Yong, etal. The study and implementation of the mechanism about audio and video cooperative work.. Proceeding of Second International Workshop on CSCW in Design [C].Bankok, Tailand1997:506～510
[52] 张国伍．交通运输系统分析．西南交通大学出版社，1991，1
[53] Etsuko Niahimura, Akio Imai. Optimal Vehicle Routing For Container Handling In A Multi-User Container Terminal. Published by Kobe University of Mercantile Marine. Kobe, Japan. October 2000:23～25,
[2] 周龙骧．分布式数据库管理系统的实现技术．中国地址大学出版社，1993：10～36
[3] 陈建容．分布式数据库设计导论．清华大学出版社，1992：51～70
[4] 史美林，向勇，杨光信等．计算机支持的协调工作理论与应用．电子工业出版社，2000，12：16～39
[5] 丁松涛，徐振成等．SQL Server 2000数据库管理与开发．人民邮电出版社，2001，4：158～173
[6] 宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社，2000，4：1～19
[7] 王涛．多层分布式数据库．实战清华大学出版社，2001，8：1～4
[8] 杨德元．分布数据库管理系统概论．清华大学出版社，1987，7：85～122
[9] 欧阳京武，王辽生，朱敏．分布式数据库系统概论。航空工业出版社．1989：149～61
[10] 施伯乐，顾宁，刘国华等译．数据库处理——基础、设计与实现．电子工业出版社，2001，3：21～40
[11] 萨师煊，王珊．数据库系统概论．高等教育出版社，2002：412～435
[12] 王以和，涂小平．分布式数据库系统．电子工业出版社，1998：26～35
[13] 施伯乐等．数据库系统导论．高等教育出版社，1998：176～185
[14] 袁明，石树刚，郑振楣等．域与分布式数据库的完整性．计算机工程与应用，1992 (9)
[15] 郑振楣，于戈，郭敏．分布式数据库．科学出版社，1999：21～36
[16] 李昭原．数据库技术新进展．清华大学出版社，1997：113～118
[17] 徐泽同．分布式数据库．工程设计CAD及自动化，1998(4)
[18] 恽国兴，戴国洪，严隽琪，马登哲．基于分布式数据库系统的CAPP及实施．机械设计与制造，2001(
[19] 彭岩，鄢琦，齐剑锋等．基于大系统理论的分布式数据库系统设计与分析．计算机工程，2002，Vol．28 No．7
[20] 袁晓洁，徐雷．数据库系统教程．南开大学出版社，1995，11
[21] 李平安，张明，罗州平．分布式数据库系统概论．科学出版社，1992，8
[22] 毋河海．地图数据库系统．测绘出版社，1991，11
[23] M．Tamer?zsu Patrick Valduriez．分布式数据库系统原理．清华大学出版社，2002，6
[24] 牛龙平，张勇．论商科高等院校网络数据库与Web技术的融合．http://www.lzcc.edu.cn
[25] 刘方鑫．数据库原理与技术．电子工业出版社，2002，2
[26] (美)Hector Garcia-Molina Jeffrey D．Ullman Jennifer widom．数据库系统实现．机械工业出版社，2002，1
[27] 刘家书．新编数据库应用基础．科学出版社，2002，2
[28] (美)Patrick O Neil Elizabeth O Neil．数据库原理、编程与性能．机械工业出版社，2002，1
[29] (美)Peter Rob．数据库设计与开发教程．电子工业出版社，2002，1
[30] 杜军平，黄杰．SQL Server 2000数据库开发．机械工业出版社，2001，8
[31] (美)Ryan K．Stephens Ronald R．Plew．数据库设计．机械工业出版社，2001，9
[32] 李存斌．数据库应用技术：SQL Server 2000简明教程．水利水电出版社，2001，8
[33] 李劲，谢兆阳．SQL Server 2000数据库设计与系统管理．清华大学出版社，2001，7
[34] (美)微软公司．Microsoft SQL Server 2000数据库编程．北京希望电子出版社，2001，5
[35] Bryan Syverson.Murach's SQL for SQL Server. Mike Murach & Associates, 2002
[36] SEATTLE. MySQL Database Available on IBM eServer zSeries. http://www. mysql. com/press
[37] Zhang Ning. Shortest Path Queries in Very Large Spatial Databases. School of Computer Science, Master of Mathematics(MMath),2001
[38] Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke. DatabaseManagement Systems. September 9, 2002
[39] Aboulnaga, Ashraf Ismail. Cost estimation techniques for database systems. THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON, 2002
[40] Boonjing, Veera. A metadata search approach to natural language database query. RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 2002
[41] Chanda, William Matthew. Implementation of subqueries in a relational database management system. UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE, 2002
[42] Chang, Conrad Tze Kong. Adaptive multi-granularity locking protocol in object-oriented databases. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, 2002
[43] Chen, Zhiyuan. Building compressed database systems. CORNELL UNIVERSITY, 2002
[44] Cristofor, Laurentiu Bogdan. Mining rules in single-table and multiple- table databases. UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON, 2002
[45] Das, Amarendra Kumar. Temporal mediation of relational databases for clinical decision support. STANFORD UNIVERSITY, 2002
[46] Anderson, James C, James A.A Model of Distribution Firm and Manufacturing Firm Working Partnership. Journal of Marketing, 54:42～58
[47] Blackburn, J.D. The Quick Response Movement in the Apparel Industry:Acase Atudy in Time-Compressing Supply Chains. J. D. Blackburn, (ed), Tome-based Competition, Richard D. Irwin:246～269
[48] Simon Leonard S. Measuring the Market Impact of technical Services. Journal of Marketing Research, 2
[49] http://www.mmit.stc.sh.cn/cscwforum/Cscwconcept/CSCWconcept.htm
[50] 冯晨华等．CSCW系统中共享对象的协作支持模型．计算机研究与发展，No．3 1999
[51] Tang Yong, etal. The study and implementation of the mechanism about audio and video cooperative work.. Proceeding of Second International Workshop on CSCW in Design [C].Bankok, Tailand1997:506～510
[52] 张国伍．交通运输系统分析．西南交通大学出版社，1991，1
[53] Etsuko Niahimura, Akio Imai. Optimal Vehicle Routing For Container Handling In A Multi-User Container Terminal. Published by Kobe University of Mercantile Marine. Kobe, Japan. October 2000:23～25,