车载作用下沥青路面排水基层的冲刷行为
|
摘要
设置良好的路面结构内部排水系统以排除引起各种损坏的水分,成为减少水损害的主要方法。近年来国内对排水基层进行了大量的研究,主要是针对排水基层材料性能、排水性能和力学性能这几个方面。有一些学者对设置排水基层的沥青路面进行了力学分析,然而路面中的水对路面结构有较大影响,本文认为对设排水基层路面的研究有必要考虑路面饱水的影响。
本文采用有限元模型进行分析,主要取得如下研究成果:
(1)利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立饱水时沥青路面有限元模型。通过比较分析了在无水和饱水两种状态下沥青路面结构的应力应变特性,来研究路面中饱和水对沥青路面的影响。
(2)通过比较分析饱水状态的普通路面和设排水层路面应力应变特性,发现一方面设排水层沥青路面由于排水层模量低,使得路面受力较普通路面欠佳;另一方面路面中设置排水层不仅可以减少中下面层的孔隙水压集中,并且可以一定程度上消减路面面层中出现的高孔隙水压,但不能完全解决面层中孔隙水压力过大的问题。设排水层能够从一定程度上降低孔隙水压力对路面结构的破坏作用。
(3)将三类不同排水层路面进行比较,三类不同排水层路面结构受力情况各相不同。相比较而言水泥稳定碎石排水路面受力情况较好,受到的冲刷程度也较小,而级配碎石排水层路面结构尤其是基层位置将面临着较其他两类排水层更严峻的冲刷情况。由于开级配沥青稳定碎石(ATPB)较半开级配沥青碎石(AM)存在力学性能不足,耐久性差的缺点,建议在满足路面排水要求的情况下采用大粒径半开级配沥青稳定碎石(AM)作为路面排水层。
(4)基于路面结构水损害机理,设计了一种抗冲刷试验装置和试验方法,对路面材料进行抗冲刷试验,寻求一个抗冲刷指标,用于评价沥青混合料的抗冲刷性能。
It becomes the main method to reduce water damage that the drainage system is installed in the pavement structure to exclude water causing various damages. Plenty of researches have been conducted in the drainage base in recent years in China, mainly focused on material performance of drainage base, drainage performance and mechanical performance. Some scholar have done mechanical analysis on the asphalt pavement with drainage base, however, the water on the surface of pavement have great impact on the pavement structure. It is believed in this paper that the influence of saturation of pavement is of necessity to be considered in the study of pavement with drainage base.
Finite element model is used in this paper to analyze, and the main research results are in the followings:
(1) ABAQUS finite element software is applied to establish the finite element model of asphalt pavement in saturation. The stress-strain properties of asphalt pavement structure both in the condition devoid of water and saturated are compared and analyzed to study on the effect of saturation water from pavement on asphalt pavement.
(2) It can be found by comparing stress-strain properties of ordinary pavement and pavement with drainage base in saturation condition that, the modulus of drainage layer is low in the asphalt pavement with drainage base, which causes that the stress is worse than that of ordinary pavement. The installment of drainage base in the pavement can not only reduce the concentration of pore water pressure in the surface of pavement, but also can decrease the pore water high pressure occurred in the surface of pavement to some extent, but it cannot solve the problem completely that the pore water pressure is too high in the surface of pavement. The installment of drainage layer can lower damage action of pore water pressure on pavement structure.
(3) Pavements with three different types of drainage layers are compared and the forces of pavement structure with different drainage layer are different. It is by compared that the force of drainage pavement built of crush-stones stabilized with cement is comparatively good, and the water erosion is low. But pavement structure with drainage layer built of graded crushed-stone, especially the base, suffers water erosion worse than the other two drainage layers. Because asphalt-treated permeable base (ATPB) is not sufficient in mechanical property compared with AM, and its durability is bad, it is suggested that the AM should be as drainage layer of pavement under the condition of meeting the requirement of pavement drainage.
(4) Based on the water damage mechanism of pavement structure, the water erosion tester and experimental method are designed to conduct water erosion test on pavement material. In addition, a water erosion resistance index is found to evaluate the erosion resistance of asphalt mixture.
本文采用有限元模型进行分析,主要取得如下研究成果:
(1)利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立饱水时沥青路面有限元模型。通过比较分析了在无水和饱水两种状态下沥青路面结构的应力应变特性,来研究路面中饱和水对沥青路面的影响。
(2)通过比较分析饱水状态的普通路面和设排水层路面应力应变特性,发现一方面设排水层沥青路面由于排水层模量低,使得路面受力较普通路面欠佳;另一方面路面中设置排水层不仅可以减少中下面层的孔隙水压集中,并且可以一定程度上消减路面面层中出现的高孔隙水压,但不能完全解决面层中孔隙水压力过大的问题。设排水层能够从一定程度上降低孔隙水压力对路面结构的破坏作用。
(3)将三类不同排水层路面进行比较,三类不同排水层路面结构受力情况各相不同。相比较而言水泥稳定碎石排水路面受力情况较好,受到的冲刷程度也较小,而级配碎石排水层路面结构尤其是基层位置将面临着较其他两类排水层更严峻的冲刷情况。由于开级配沥青稳定碎石(ATPB)较半开级配沥青碎石(AM)存在力学性能不足,耐久性差的缺点,建议在满足路面排水要求的情况下采用大粒径半开级配沥青稳定碎石(AM)作为路面排水层。
(4)基于路面结构水损害机理,设计了一种抗冲刷试验装置和试验方法,对路面材料进行抗冲刷试验,寻求一个抗冲刷指标,用于评价沥青混合料的抗冲刷性能。
It becomes the main method to reduce water damage that the drainage system is installed in the pavement structure to exclude water causing various damages. Plenty of researches have been conducted in the drainage base in recent years in China, mainly focused on material performance of drainage base, drainage performance and mechanical performance. Some scholar have done mechanical analysis on the asphalt pavement with drainage base, however, the water on the surface of pavement have great impact on the pavement structure. It is believed in this paper that the influence of saturation of pavement is of necessity to be considered in the study of pavement with drainage base.
Finite element model is used in this paper to analyze, and the main research results are in the followings:
(1) ABAQUS finite element software is applied to establish the finite element model of asphalt pavement in saturation. The stress-strain properties of asphalt pavement structure both in the condition devoid of water and saturated are compared and analyzed to study on the effect of saturation water from pavement on asphalt pavement.
(2) It can be found by comparing stress-strain properties of ordinary pavement and pavement with drainage base in saturation condition that, the modulus of drainage layer is low in the asphalt pavement with drainage base, which causes that the stress is worse than that of ordinary pavement. The installment of drainage base in the pavement can not only reduce the concentration of pore water pressure in the surface of pavement, but also can decrease the pore water high pressure occurred in the surface of pavement to some extent, but it cannot solve the problem completely that the pore water pressure is too high in the surface of pavement. The installment of drainage layer can lower damage action of pore water pressure on pavement structure.
(3) Pavements with three different types of drainage layers are compared and the forces of pavement structure with different drainage layer are different. It is by compared that the force of drainage pavement built of crush-stones stabilized with cement is comparatively good, and the water erosion is low. But pavement structure with drainage layer built of graded crushed-stone, especially the base, suffers water erosion worse than the other two drainage layers. Because asphalt-treated permeable base (ATPB) is not sufficient in mechanical property compared with AM, and its durability is bad, it is suggested that the AM should be as drainage layer of pavement under the condition of meeting the requirement of pavement drainage.
(4) Based on the water damage mechanism of pavement structure, the water erosion tester and experimental method are designed to conduct water erosion test on pavement material. In addition, a water erosion resistance index is found to evaluate the erosion resistance of asphalt mixture.
引文
[1]沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(上).国外公路, 2000, 20(3): 1~4
[2]高速公路丛书编委会.高速公路路面设计与施工.北京:人民交通出版社, 2001, 5~8
[3]沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(下).国外公路, 2000, 20(4): 1~5
[4]姚祖康.公路排水设计手册.北京:人民交通出版社, 2002: 151~170
[5] Ridgeway H H. Infiltration of Water Through the Pavement Surface. TRR616, Transportation Research Board. 1976: 98~100
[6] AASHTO. (1993). AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[7] AASHTO. (2002). AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[8] Cumberledge G, Hoffman G L, Bajandas A C, and Cominsky R J . Moisture variation in highway subgrades and the associated change in surface deflections. Transportation Research Record 497, TRB, Washington, D.C. , 1974: 40~49
[9] Zhou Haiping, Lucinda M and Huddleston J et al. Determination of free-draining base materials properties. Transportation Research Record. N1425.Oct, 1993:54~63
[10]日本道路协会.排水性铺装技术指针(案).东京:丸善株式会社, 1996
[11]Harvey J, Tsai B and Long F. CALAPT Program Asphalt Treated Permeable Base(ATPB). Laboratory Testing, Performance, Predictions, and Evaluation of the Caltrans and Other Agencies, Jul. 1999: 1~180
[12]Dykman M, Ramanujam J M and Nataatmadja A. Performance of Bitumen treated bases. Proceeding Conference of the Australian Road Research Board, Vol. 21, Proceedings-21st ARRB and 11th REAAA Conference. Transport Our Highway to a Sustainable Future, 2003: 1265~1280
[13]谢洪斌.沥青稳定碎石排水层混合料组成设计.中国公路学报, 2000, 13(8): 12~18
[14]姚祖康,毕艳祥,庄少勤.沥青碎石排水基层的设计与施工.公路, 2001, (12): 1~5
[15]陆长兵,黄晓明,陈兴.大粒径碎石沥青稳定排水基层混合料设计方法的研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(12): 9~13
[16]冯德成,张鑫,许永吉.水泥稳定碎石排水基层级配和胶浆设计.公路, 2011, (1): 203~206
[17]严军,叶奋,王小生等.排水面层沥青混合料组成设计的研究.同济大学学报, 2003, 32(3): 300~303
[18]吉青克.路面内部排水系统设计: [同济大学硕士论文].上海:同济大学, 2002, 34~38
[19]黄菊文,刘朴,李光明等.城市快速干道综合排水系统现场测试方法.同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 34(1): 85~88
[20]诸永宁,陈荣生,倪富健.排水性沥青路面排水性能评定方法研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(8): 9~11
[21]高富强,毛菊良.基于沥青路面排水基层的排水性能要求.湖南交通科技, 2009, 35(3): 43~46
[22]刘明,黄立葵.路面结构层排水特性的对比分析.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 34(3增): 1~3
[23]吴国雄,丁王飞,张洋等.沥青混凝土路面开裂破坏的渗流模型分析.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 28(6): 17~28
[24]刘振清,钱国超,刘清泉等.设ATPB的半刚性基层沥青路面结构疲劳特性分析.中国公路学报, 2008, 21(5): 14~18
[25]樊锐,刘振清.设ATPB的半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面结构分析及设计.公路, 2009, (2): 84~87
[26]杜顺成,戴经梁,于德湖.沥青稳定碎石排水基层材料的疲劳特性分析.公路, 2003, (11): 65~67
[27]杜顺成,戴经梁.沥青稳定碎石排水基层力学特性分析及材料试验研究.交通科技, 2007, (6): 77~79
[28]杜顺成,戴经梁.沥青稳定碎石排水基层的工程应用.西安工业大学学报, 2008, 28(3): 285~288
[29]张迎春.沥青稳定碎石排水层的设计与试验研究: [湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学, 2003, 13~36
[30]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路排水设计规范(JTJ 018-97).北京:人民交通出版社, 1997
[31]黄仰贤.路面分析与设计.北京:人民交通出版社, 1998, 32~33
[32]朱以文,蔡元奇,徐晗. ABAQUS与岩土工程分析.北京:中国图书出版社, 2005
[33]费康,张建伟. ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010
[34]Reint D B. Theory of porous media: highlights in historieal development and eurrentstate. HongKong: Spring, 2000
[35]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路沥青路面设计规范(JTG D50-2006).北京:人民交通出版社, 2006
[36]Maupin G W J. Investiotion of Test Methods, Pavements and Laboratory Design Related to Asphalt Permeability. Virginia Transportation Research Council, VTRCOO-R24, 2000, 34~36
[37]董泽蛟,曹丽萍,谭忆秋.饱水沥青路面动力响应的空间分布分析.重庆建筑大学学报, 2007, 29(4): 80~82
[38]崔新壮,金青.轮载作用下饱水沥青路面的动力响应.山东大学学报(工学版), 2008, 38(5): 19~24
[39]姚祖康.公路设计手册-路面.北京:人民交通出版社, 1993, 6~7
[40]邢明亮,杨旭东,付其林.空隙率对排水路面路用性能的影响研究.路基工程, 2009, 145(4): 38~39
[41]陈景,孙彭涛,李福普等.沥青混合料渗水系数的研究.公路交通科技, 2006, 23(1): 5~8
[42]谢祥根,吴开,吴善周等. ATPB-25沥青稳定碎石排水基层的应用研究.公路工程, 2009, 34(1): 58~61
[43]张林洪,王苏达,吴培关等.沥青路面结构的渗透性能测试研究.中南公路工程, 2005, 30(3): 10~14
[44]徐皓,倪富健,刘清泉等.排水性沥青混合料渗透系数测试研究.中国公路学报, 2004, 17(3): 1~5
[45]王惠,刘黎萍,魏冰. OGFC混合料水稳定性评价方法研究.公路工程, 2010, 35(5): 82~84
[46]傅搏峰.沥青路面水损害疲劳破坏过程的数值模拟分析: [长沙理工大学硕士学位论文].长沙:长沙理工大学, 2005, 9~12
[47]沙庆林.孔隙率对沥青混凝土的重大影响.国外公路, 2001, 21(1): 34~38
[48]杨群,黄晓明.沥青稳定排水基层厚度设计方法.公路交通科技, 2002, 19(2): 25~27
[49]谢洪斌,姚祖康,田赛男等.沥青稳定碎石排水层材料的透水能力.中国公路学报, 2000, 13(2): 20~23
[50]毕艳祥,姚祖康,郭亚兵等.设排水层的半刚性基层沥青路面结构分析.中国公路学报. 2001, 14(3): 17~20
[51]丁立,刘朝晖,史义.沥青路面冲刷冻融劈裂的水损害试验模拟环境.公路交通科技, 2006, 23(9): 15~19
[52]聂午龙.水泥混凝土路面基层材料抗冲刷性能研究: [长安大学硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学, 2009, 34~40
[53]张擎.考虑冲刷脱空的水泥混凝土路面设计研究: [长安大学博士学位论文].西安:长安大学, 2009, 42~50
[54]沙爱民,胡力群.路面基层材料抗冲刷性能试验研究.岩土工程学报, 2002, 24(3): 276~280
[55]胡力群,沙爱民.沥青路面水泥稳定类基层材料抗冲刷性能试验及机理研究.中国公路学报, 2003, 16(1): 15~18
[56]田盛鼎,刘朝晖.沥青混合料冲刷冻融试验设计和抗水损害性能指标试验研究.中外公路, 2009, 29(4): 217~222
[57]姚祖康.水泥混凝土路面设计理论和方法.北京:人民交通出版社, 2003: 104~121
[58]曹玉玲.大孔隙水泥稳定碎石(CTPB)排水基层性能的室内试验研究.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 29(4): 571~575
[2]高速公路丛书编委会.高速公路路面设计与施工.北京:人民交通出版社, 2001, 5~8
[3]沙庆林.高速公路沥青路面的水破坏及其防治措施(下).国外公路, 2000, 20(4): 1~5
[4]姚祖康.公路排水设计手册.北京:人民交通出版社, 2002: 151~170
[5] Ridgeway H H. Infiltration of Water Through the Pavement Surface. TRR616, Transportation Research Board. 1976: 98~100
[6] AASHTO. (1993). AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[7] AASHTO. (2002). AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, D. C.
[8] Cumberledge G, Hoffman G L, Bajandas A C, and Cominsky R J . Moisture variation in highway subgrades and the associated change in surface deflections. Transportation Research Record 497, TRB, Washington, D.C. , 1974: 40~49
[9] Zhou Haiping, Lucinda M and Huddleston J et al. Determination of free-draining base materials properties. Transportation Research Record. N1425.Oct, 1993:54~63
[10]日本道路协会.排水性铺装技术指针(案).东京:丸善株式会社, 1996
[11]Harvey J, Tsai B and Long F. CALAPT Program Asphalt Treated Permeable Base(ATPB). Laboratory Testing, Performance, Predictions, and Evaluation of the Caltrans and Other Agencies, Jul. 1999: 1~180
[12]Dykman M, Ramanujam J M and Nataatmadja A. Performance of Bitumen treated bases. Proceeding Conference of the Australian Road Research Board, Vol. 21, Proceedings-21st ARRB and 11th REAAA Conference. Transport Our Highway to a Sustainable Future, 2003: 1265~1280
[13]谢洪斌.沥青稳定碎石排水层混合料组成设计.中国公路学报, 2000, 13(8): 12~18
[14]姚祖康,毕艳祥,庄少勤.沥青碎石排水基层的设计与施工.公路, 2001, (12): 1~5
[15]陆长兵,黄晓明,陈兴.大粒径碎石沥青稳定排水基层混合料设计方法的研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(12): 9~13
[16]冯德成,张鑫,许永吉.水泥稳定碎石排水基层级配和胶浆设计.公路, 2011, (1): 203~206
[17]严军,叶奋,王小生等.排水面层沥青混合料组成设计的研究.同济大学学报, 2003, 32(3): 300~303
[18]吉青克.路面内部排水系统设计: [同济大学硕士论文].上海:同济大学, 2002, 34~38
[19]黄菊文,刘朴,李光明等.城市快速干道综合排水系统现场测试方法.同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 34(1): 85~88
[20]诸永宁,陈荣生,倪富健.排水性沥青路面排水性能评定方法研究.公路交通科技, 2004, 21(8): 9~11
[21]高富强,毛菊良.基于沥青路面排水基层的排水性能要求.湖南交通科技, 2009, 35(3): 43~46
[22]刘明,黄立葵.路面结构层排水特性的对比分析.湖南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 34(3增): 1~3
[23]吴国雄,丁王飞,张洋等.沥青混凝土路面开裂破坏的渗流模型分析.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2009, 28(6): 17~28
[24]刘振清,钱国超,刘清泉等.设ATPB的半刚性基层沥青路面结构疲劳特性分析.中国公路学报, 2008, 21(5): 14~18
[25]樊锐,刘振清.设ATPB的半刚性基层沥青混凝土路面结构分析及设计.公路, 2009, (2): 84~87
[26]杜顺成,戴经梁,于德湖.沥青稳定碎石排水基层材料的疲劳特性分析.公路, 2003, (11): 65~67
[27]杜顺成,戴经梁.沥青稳定碎石排水基层力学特性分析及材料试验研究.交通科技, 2007, (6): 77~79
[28]杜顺成,戴经梁.沥青稳定碎石排水基层的工程应用.西安工业大学学报, 2008, 28(3): 285~288
[29]张迎春.沥青稳定碎石排水层的设计与试验研究: [湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学, 2003, 13~36
[30]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路排水设计规范(JTJ 018-97).北京:人民交通出版社, 1997
[31]黄仰贤.路面分析与设计.北京:人民交通出版社, 1998, 32~33
[32]朱以文,蔡元奇,徐晗. ABAQUS与岩土工程分析.北京:中国图书出版社, 2005
[33]费康,张建伟. ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010
[34]Reint D B. Theory of porous media: highlights in historieal development and eurrentstate. HongKong: Spring, 2000
[35]中华人民共和国行业标准.公路沥青路面设计规范(JTG D50-2006).北京:人民交通出版社, 2006
[36]Maupin G W J. Investiotion of Test Methods, Pavements and Laboratory Design Related to Asphalt Permeability. Virginia Transportation Research Council, VTRCOO-R24, 2000, 34~36
[37]董泽蛟,曹丽萍,谭忆秋.饱水沥青路面动力响应的空间分布分析.重庆建筑大学学报, 2007, 29(4): 80~82
[38]崔新壮,金青.轮载作用下饱水沥青路面的动力响应.山东大学学报(工学版), 2008, 38(5): 19~24
[39]姚祖康.公路设计手册-路面.北京:人民交通出版社, 1993, 6~7
[40]邢明亮,杨旭东,付其林.空隙率对排水路面路用性能的影响研究.路基工程, 2009, 145(4): 38~39
[41]陈景,孙彭涛,李福普等.沥青混合料渗水系数的研究.公路交通科技, 2006, 23(1): 5~8
[42]谢祥根,吴开,吴善周等. ATPB-25沥青稳定碎石排水基层的应用研究.公路工程, 2009, 34(1): 58~61
[43]张林洪,王苏达,吴培关等.沥青路面结构的渗透性能测试研究.中南公路工程, 2005, 30(3): 10~14
[44]徐皓,倪富健,刘清泉等.排水性沥青混合料渗透系数测试研究.中国公路学报, 2004, 17(3): 1~5
[45]王惠,刘黎萍,魏冰. OGFC混合料水稳定性评价方法研究.公路工程, 2010, 35(5): 82~84
[46]傅搏峰.沥青路面水损害疲劳破坏过程的数值模拟分析: [长沙理工大学硕士学位论文].长沙:长沙理工大学, 2005, 9~12
[47]沙庆林.孔隙率对沥青混凝土的重大影响.国外公路, 2001, 21(1): 34~38
[48]杨群,黄晓明.沥青稳定排水基层厚度设计方法.公路交通科技, 2002, 19(2): 25~27
[49]谢洪斌,姚祖康,田赛男等.沥青稳定碎石排水层材料的透水能力.中国公路学报, 2000, 13(2): 20~23
[50]毕艳祥,姚祖康,郭亚兵等.设排水层的半刚性基层沥青路面结构分析.中国公路学报. 2001, 14(3): 17~20
[51]丁立,刘朝晖,史义.沥青路面冲刷冻融劈裂的水损害试验模拟环境.公路交通科技, 2006, 23(9): 15~19
[52]聂午龙.水泥混凝土路面基层材料抗冲刷性能研究: [长安大学硕士学位论文].西安:长安大学, 2009, 34~40
[53]张擎.考虑冲刷脱空的水泥混凝土路面设计研究: [长安大学博士学位论文].西安:长安大学, 2009, 42~50
[54]沙爱民,胡力群.路面基层材料抗冲刷性能试验研究.岩土工程学报, 2002, 24(3): 276~280
[55]胡力群,沙爱民.沥青路面水泥稳定类基层材料抗冲刷性能试验及机理研究.中国公路学报, 2003, 16(1): 15~18
[56]田盛鼎,刘朝晖.沥青混合料冲刷冻融试验设计和抗水损害性能指标试验研究.中外公路, 2009, 29(4): 217~222
[57]姚祖康.水泥混凝土路面设计理论和方法.北京:人民交通出版社, 2003: 104~121
[58]曹玉玲.大孔隙水泥稳定碎石(CTPB)排水基层性能的室内试验研究.重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 29(4): 571~575