连续流变挤压铝合金导电材料的研究
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摘要
本文结合国家高技术研究863计划项目(资助号2007AA03Z11)根据铝合金导电材料的生产和研究现状,提出了采用连续流变挤压成形工艺制备高性能6201铝合金导电材料,利用DZJ-350型连续流变挤压机,SANSI电子拉伸试验机、QJ36型两用直流电桥、OLYMPUS金相显微镜等方法和手段,研究了6201合金线材材的连续流变挤压成形、冷拔加工、热处理,以及扩展成形技术制备该合金管材的理论与工艺。主要工作及获得的研究成果如下：
1、揭示了工艺参数对连续流变挤压成形6201铝合金导电线材组织与性能的影响规律。连续流变挤压成形在线固溶合金线材微观组织为细等轴晶,提高合金的浇注温度,合金线材的晶粒增大,合金线材的抗拉强度和延伸率降低、导电率升高；T8时效热处理提高了合金线材的综合力学性能和导电性能。升高时效温度,合金的时效速度和导电性能提高,力学性能下降,在150℃的低温时效热处理时,6201合金线材具有较高的抗拉强度和导电率。
2、建立了Φ6mm6201铝合金线材连续流变挤压成形的最佳工艺。浇注温度为720～740℃；冷却水流量为15-20L/min；在线固溶温度为520℃；时效温度为150℃,时效时间为10-14h；T6热处理6201合金线材抗拉强度为320MPa,延伸率为7.8%,电阻率为31.5nΩm。比我国铝合金架空导线(LHA2型)的抗拉强度,延伸率和等效导电率分别提高11.1%、17%和0.1%。
3、制定了6201合金线材的低温形变热处理工艺。T6处理线材的抗拉强度320MPa、延伸率7.8%和电阻率31.5nΩm,T8处理线材抗拉强度327MPa、延伸率14%和电阻率33.4nΩm,T9处理线材抗拉强度336MPa、延伸率7.5%和电阻率31.3nΩm。6201合金线材T8状态抗拉强度和等效导电率分别比在线固溶时效连铸连轧工艺制备合金线材的强度提高5.6%,等效导电率提高1.43%；6201合金线材T9工艺拉伸强度和等效导电率分别比在线固溶时效连铸连轧工艺提高6.2%,导电率提高1.1%。
4、设计了管材连续扩展成形的模具及工艺,确定了连续扩展成形Φ80×10mm管材的最佳工艺参数,成功制备了6201铝合金导电管材。浇注温度为760～780℃,模具预热温度为500～550℃；
5、研究了连续扩展成形过程中管材的缺陷形成机理,制定了有效的预防措施。
Based on the production and the current condition of alloy conduction, high-quality 6201 conductive material was prepared by utilizing continuously rheologic extrusion in the paper; The process and theory of alloy pipe by the method of formation of continuously rheologic extrusion, cold drawing treatment, heat processing and formation techonology were studied by using DZJ-350 continuously rheologic extrusion machine、SANSI electrical tensile testing machine、dural purpose electrical bridge of QJ36、OLYMPUS metalloscope analytical methods and so on. Main work and results were as follows:
(1) It disclosed that processing parameter had effect on the lawof texture(microstructure) and performance by continuously rheologic extruding; Tiny equiaxed grain could be gained by continuously rheologic extruding on line and solid solution, crystal grain was rough, strength of tension and elongation percent reduced, specific conductance lifted with the rise of the point of pouring; The synthetical mechanical property and conductive property were improved by T8 aging treatment; The alloy aging velocity and conductive property improved, while mechanical property reduced with the aging temperature higher; The 6201 alloy had high strength and specific conductance with thermomechanical treatmentat at 150℃.
(2) The optimal techonology of 06mm 6201 alloy wire was designed by continuously rheologic extrusion in the paper. The point of pouring arranged from 720℃to 740℃, cold water flux arranged from 15 to 20L/min, the temperature of on line solid solution was 520℃, cooling rate was 30℃/s, aging temperature was 150℃, aging time arranged from 10 to 14h, the 6201 alloy wire of T6 treatment tensile strength was 320MPa, elongation was 7.8%, electrical resistivity was 31.5 nΩ.m; The tensile strength, elongation and electrical resistivity increases by 11.1%,17% and 0.2% according to standard of our country.
(3) The low temperature thermomechanical treatment was designed; the tensile strength, elongation and conductance of T8 and T9 is 327MPa,14% and 33.4nQm;336MPa,7.5% and 31.3 nΩm.The tensile strength and specific conductance of the 6201 alloy wire of T8 treatment increased by 5.6% and 1.43% respectively compared to continuous metal cast and tandem rolling of solid solution on line. The tensile strength and specific conductance of the 6201 alloy wire of T9 treatment increased by 6.2% and 1.1% respectively compared to the continuous metal cast and tandem rolling on line.
(4) Craft and programme of continuous rheologic extrusion forming was designed in the paper; The optimal craft parameter ofΦ80×10mm pipes was determines and the pipes of 6201 alloy was prepared successfully. The point of pouring arranged from 760℃to 780℃, the preheating temperature arranged from 450℃to 500℃.
(5) The deficiency formatting mechanism of 6201 alloy's continuous rheologic extrusion was explored in the paper and the effective precautionary measures was designed.
1、揭示了工艺参数对连续流变挤压成形6201铝合金导电线材组织与性能的影响规律。连续流变挤压成形在线固溶合金线材微观组织为细等轴晶,提高合金的浇注温度,合金线材的晶粒增大,合金线材的抗拉强度和延伸率降低、导电率升高；T8时效热处理提高了合金线材的综合力学性能和导电性能。升高时效温度,合金的时效速度和导电性能提高,力学性能下降,在150℃的低温时效热处理时,6201合金线材具有较高的抗拉强度和导电率。
2、建立了Φ6mm6201铝合金线材连续流变挤压成形的最佳工艺。浇注温度为720～740℃；冷却水流量为15-20L/min；在线固溶温度为520℃；时效温度为150℃,时效时间为10-14h；T6热处理6201合金线材抗拉强度为320MPa,延伸率为7.8%,电阻率为31.5nΩm。比我国铝合金架空导线(LHA2型)的抗拉强度,延伸率和等效导电率分别提高11.1%、17%和0.1%。
3、制定了6201合金线材的低温形变热处理工艺。T6处理线材的抗拉强度320MPa、延伸率7.8%和电阻率31.5nΩm,T8处理线材抗拉强度327MPa、延伸率14%和电阻率33.4nΩm,T9处理线材抗拉强度336MPa、延伸率7.5%和电阻率31.3nΩm。6201合金线材T8状态抗拉强度和等效导电率分别比在线固溶时效连铸连轧工艺制备合金线材的强度提高5.6%,等效导电率提高1.43%；6201合金线材T9工艺拉伸强度和等效导电率分别比在线固溶时效连铸连轧工艺提高6.2%,导电率提高1.1%。
4、设计了管材连续扩展成形的模具及工艺,确定了连续扩展成形Φ80×10mm管材的最佳工艺参数,成功制备了6201铝合金导电管材。浇注温度为760～780℃,模具预热温度为500～550℃；
5、研究了连续扩展成形过程中管材的缺陷形成机理,制定了有效的预防措施。
Based on the production and the current condition of alloy conduction, high-quality 6201 conductive material was prepared by utilizing continuously rheologic extrusion in the paper; The process and theory of alloy pipe by the method of formation of continuously rheologic extrusion, cold drawing treatment, heat processing and formation techonology were studied by using DZJ-350 continuously rheologic extrusion machine、SANSI electrical tensile testing machine、dural purpose electrical bridge of QJ36、OLYMPUS metalloscope analytical methods and so on. Main work and results were as follows:
(1) It disclosed that processing parameter had effect on the lawof texture(microstructure) and performance by continuously rheologic extruding; Tiny equiaxed grain could be gained by continuously rheologic extruding on line and solid solution, crystal grain was rough, strength of tension and elongation percent reduced, specific conductance lifted with the rise of the point of pouring; The synthetical mechanical property and conductive property were improved by T8 aging treatment; The alloy aging velocity and conductive property improved, while mechanical property reduced with the aging temperature higher; The 6201 alloy had high strength and specific conductance with thermomechanical treatmentat at 150℃.
(2) The optimal techonology of 06mm 6201 alloy wire was designed by continuously rheologic extrusion in the paper. The point of pouring arranged from 720℃to 740℃, cold water flux arranged from 15 to 20L/min, the temperature of on line solid solution was 520℃, cooling rate was 30℃/s, aging temperature was 150℃, aging time arranged from 10 to 14h, the 6201 alloy wire of T6 treatment tensile strength was 320MPa, elongation was 7.8%, electrical resistivity was 31.5 nΩ.m; The tensile strength, elongation and electrical resistivity increases by 11.1%,17% and 0.2% according to standard of our country.
(3) The low temperature thermomechanical treatment was designed; the tensile strength, elongation and conductance of T8 and T9 is 327MPa,14% and 33.4nQm;336MPa,7.5% and 31.3 nΩm.The tensile strength and specific conductance of the 6201 alloy wire of T8 treatment increased by 5.6% and 1.43% respectively compared to continuous metal cast and tandem rolling of solid solution on line. The tensile strength and specific conductance of the 6201 alloy wire of T9 treatment increased by 6.2% and 1.1% respectively compared to the continuous metal cast and tandem rolling on line.
(4) Craft and programme of continuous rheologic extrusion forming was designed in the paper; The optimal craft parameter ofΦ80×10mm pipes was determines and the pipes of 6201 alloy was prepared successfully. The point of pouring arranged from 760℃to 780℃, the preheating temperature arranged from 450℃to 500℃.
(5) The deficiency formatting mechanism of 6201 alloy's continuous rheologic extrusion was explored in the paper and the effective precautionary measures was designed.
引文
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