营养元素对水曲柳抗旱性影响的研究
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摘要
本论文以水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr)为实验材料,在模拟自然干旱条件下,研究了叶面分别喷施氯化钙和磷酸钾的水曲柳幼苗、施用N、P、K复合肥的水曲柳幼苗的相对电导率、叶片水势、光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖及SOD、POD活性等指标的变化情况。并得出如下结果:
1.经过适当浓度钙处理的水曲柳幼苗,其光合指标、相对电导率、叶水势、渗透调节物质含量和SOD、POD活性等指标分析结果均优于未做喷施处理的水曲柳幼苗,且差异显著。结果表明:叶面喷施溶液中的氯化钙质量分数为0.1%～0.4%时,可有效的提高水曲柳的抗旱性。
2.经过磷酸钾叶面喷施处理的水曲柳,其相对电导率,叶水势、光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和气孔导度等生理指标同对照组变化趋势相近,但经统计分析,适当浓度磷酸钾处理过的水曲柳幼苗在干旱条件下各项生理指标均优于对照。结果表明:磷(以P_2O_5计)浓度为10mmol·L~(-1),钾(以K_2O计)浓度为15mmol·L~(-1)的磷酸钾溶液可有效的缓解自然干旱条件下水分胁迫对水曲柳产生的不良影响,提高植株的抗旱性。
3.在N、P、K三因素回归正交旋转试验中,在不同水分条件下,对水曲柳苗木进行了光合及叶绿素含量等指标的测定,并通过MINITAB统计软件计算出各水分条件下各生理指标的多元回归方程。通过分析发现:在土壤含水率为34%左右时,N、P、K三因素对水曲柳各指标的影响较为均衡。随着土壤含水率的降低,P、K的影响效果显著增强,且就测定指标而言,P作用效果的加强较K出现的要早。土壤含水率为12%左右时,P、K的影响效果要显著强于N对水曲柳幼苗的作用效果,但N、P、K的施用不可过量。通过统计寻优计算,得出了在土壤含水率逐渐降低的条件下N、P、K的配施用量:氮(尿素)89.2-106.1 kg/ha,磷(P_2O_5)44.7-45.0 kg/ha,钾(K_2O)63.1-67.1kg/ha。
Fraxinus mandshurica was used as material which was treated with different concentrations of spray potassium phosphate、calcium chloride and fertilized with N、P.、K compound fertilizer through simulating natural drought stress in experimentation.We studied the change in relative conductivity、leaf water potential、photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate、water use efficiency、stomatal conductance、soluble protein content、soluble sugar content、SOD and POD activity.The results as following:
1.The fraxinus mandshurica that was treated with calcium chloride solution in suitable concentration was better than no treatment group in photosynthesis、relative conductivity、leaf water potential、photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate、water use efficiency、the content of osmoregulation substance、SOD and POD activity significantly,we found that the suitable concentration of calcium chloride solution was 0.1%to 0.4%.
2.The fraxinus mandshurica was treated with different concentrations of spray potassium phosphate through simulating natural drought stress.The relative conductivity increased,other physiological traits including leaf water potential、photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate、water use efficiency and stomatal conductance have descended in different degree.By comparing and analyzing,we found that:P(P_2O_5) 10mmol·L~(-1)and K(K_2O) 15mmol·L~(-1) can abate the adverse reaction caused by water stress to fraxinus mandshurica and enhance the resistance of plants to water stress.
3.During the quadratic regression rotational experiment,we studied the photosynthesis and chlorophyll content of fraxinus mandshurica which fertilized with N、P、K.We obtained the multiple regression equation of the physiological index under the different water condition.We found that:When the soil water content was 34%,the effect of N、P、K to fraxinus mandshurica was equilibrium.As the decreased of water condition,the effect of P and K was become more significant,and the effect of P was earlier than K.When the soil water content was 12%,the effect of P、K was much higher than N,but the dosage of N、P、K mustn't be excessive.By statistical optimizing,we could found that:As the decreased of water condition,the best proportion of N、P、K:N(urea) 89.2-106.1 kg/ha,P(P_2O_5)44.7-45.0 kg/ha, K(K_2O) 63.1-67.1 kg/ha.
1.经过适当浓度钙处理的水曲柳幼苗,其光合指标、相对电导率、叶水势、渗透调节物质含量和SOD、POD活性等指标分析结果均优于未做喷施处理的水曲柳幼苗,且差异显著。结果表明:叶面喷施溶液中的氯化钙质量分数为0.1%～0.4%时,可有效的提高水曲柳的抗旱性。
2.经过磷酸钾叶面喷施处理的水曲柳,其相对电导率,叶水势、光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和气孔导度等生理指标同对照组变化趋势相近,但经统计分析,适当浓度磷酸钾处理过的水曲柳幼苗在干旱条件下各项生理指标均优于对照。结果表明:磷(以P_2O_5计)浓度为10mmol·L~(-1),钾(以K_2O计)浓度为15mmol·L~(-1)的磷酸钾溶液可有效的缓解自然干旱条件下水分胁迫对水曲柳产生的不良影响,提高植株的抗旱性。
3.在N、P、K三因素回归正交旋转试验中,在不同水分条件下,对水曲柳苗木进行了光合及叶绿素含量等指标的测定,并通过MINITAB统计软件计算出各水分条件下各生理指标的多元回归方程。通过分析发现:在土壤含水率为34%左右时,N、P、K三因素对水曲柳各指标的影响较为均衡。随着土壤含水率的降低,P、K的影响效果显著增强,且就测定指标而言,P作用效果的加强较K出现的要早。土壤含水率为12%左右时,P、K的影响效果要显著强于N对水曲柳幼苗的作用效果,但N、P、K的施用不可过量。通过统计寻优计算,得出了在土壤含水率逐渐降低的条件下N、P、K的配施用量:氮(尿素)89.2-106.1 kg/ha,磷(P_2O_5)44.7-45.0 kg/ha,钾(K_2O)63.1-67.1kg/ha。
Fraxinus mandshurica was used as material which was treated with different concentrations of spray potassium phosphate、calcium chloride and fertilized with N、P.、K compound fertilizer through simulating natural drought stress in experimentation.We studied the change in relative conductivity、leaf water potential、photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate、water use efficiency、stomatal conductance、soluble protein content、soluble sugar content、SOD and POD activity.The results as following:
1.The fraxinus mandshurica that was treated with calcium chloride solution in suitable concentration was better than no treatment group in photosynthesis、relative conductivity、leaf water potential、photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate、water use efficiency、the content of osmoregulation substance、SOD and POD activity significantly,we found that the suitable concentration of calcium chloride solution was 0.1%to 0.4%.
2.The fraxinus mandshurica was treated with different concentrations of spray potassium phosphate through simulating natural drought stress.The relative conductivity increased,other physiological traits including leaf water potential、photosynthetic rate、transpiration rate、water use efficiency and stomatal conductance have descended in different degree.By comparing and analyzing,we found that:P(P_2O_5) 10mmol·L~(-1)and K(K_2O) 15mmol·L~(-1) can abate the adverse reaction caused by water stress to fraxinus mandshurica and enhance the resistance of plants to water stress.
3.During the quadratic regression rotational experiment,we studied the photosynthesis and chlorophyll content of fraxinus mandshurica which fertilized with N、P、K.We obtained the multiple regression equation of the physiological index under the different water condition.We found that:When the soil water content was 34%,the effect of N、P、K to fraxinus mandshurica was equilibrium.As the decreased of water condition,the effect of P and K was become more significant,and the effect of P was earlier than K.When the soil water content was 12%,the effect of P、K was much higher than N,but the dosage of N、P、K mustn't be excessive.By statistical optimizing,we could found that:As the decreased of water condition,the best proportion of N、P、K:N(urea) 89.2-106.1 kg/ha,P(P_2O_5)44.7-45.0 kg/ha, K(K_2O) 63.1-67.1 kg/ha.
引文
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