外源ALA、SA、CaCl_2处理对盐胁迫下生菜植株生理特性的影响
|
摘要
土壤盐渍化是影响作物生长的一个重要问题,如何解决土壤盐渍化问题已成为国际上和生物科学技术迫切需要解决的重大课题,设施栽培的特点是采用人工措施改变局部的生态环境,对提高蔬菜的产量和品质起着重要的作用,但是由于栽培、水肥管理的不科学,土壤盐分表积现象严重,发生保护地次生盐渍化,给生产造成了很大的影响。
本试验在前人关于外源物质对植物盐胁迫的缓解作用的研究基础上,模拟盐渍化土壤中盐分胁迫状况,以砂培生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)(品种为耐盐品种:香港玻璃生菜和盐敏感品种:美国大速生)为试材,分别喷施三种外源物质:水杨酸(SA)、氯化钙(CaCl2)和5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)为处理,喷施自来水作为对照,研究了不同盐浓度及外源物质处理对生菜生长、抗氧化保护系统及生理生化指标的影响及并同时研究了外源物质缓解盐胁迫的作用机理,主要研究结果如下:
1、外源ALA、SA、CaCl2对盐胁迫下生菜植株生理特性的影响
对于耐盐品种香港玻璃生菜,在0mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,ALA的增产效果最佳,其比对照单株产量增加了50.1%,并使电导率显著降低,生菜叶片中可溶性蛋白含量及植株的根系活力显著增加,CaCl2显著增加了叶片中叶绿素含量。对于盐敏感品种美国大速生,在100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,ALA的增产效果最佳,其比对照单株产量增加了69.5%, ALA显著降低了叶片电导率,显著增加了可溶性蛋白含量及植株的根系活力,SA也显著降低了盐胁迫下叶片的相对电导率值,提高叶片中叶绿素含量,CaCl2显著提高了生菜植株的根系活力。总之,从植株的产量、形态及各项生理指标的数据来看,三个外源物质中ALA效果最佳,CaCl2及SA次之。
2、外源ALA对生菜盐胁迫的缓解效应
外源ALA能显著提高生菜的总产量,对于耐盐品种香港玻璃生菜,在0～150mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,小区总产量分别比对照提高了32.6%、16.7%、29.8%、34.5%;而对于盐敏感品种美国大速生,产量分别增加了20.9%、11.5%、62.4%、25.7%。ALA能显著的降低生菜叶片的相对电导率,缓解生菜在盐胁迫下的受害程度,并且这种作用效果在生菜生长的后期更显著。在100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,ALA处理显著的抑制了生菜叶片中MDA的合成,且在ALA的处理后期效果显著。ALA处理对保护酶系统的影响也较大,ALA对耐盐品种在高盐胁迫下增强SOD活性的效果较显著,而对盐敏感品种在低盐胁迫下作用效果较强,对盐敏感品种在50mmol/L及100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下增加CAT活性作用效果显著。ALA也增加了耐盐品种0～100mmol/LNaCl盐胁迫下植株POD活性,而对盐敏感品种在100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下的植株效果显著,且在后期效果更佳。ALA处理也显著的增加生菜叶片中叶绿素的含量及蔬菜品质。总的来说,ALA对提高盐胁迫下生物产量、改善植株的形态、影响生理指标及提高生菜的蔬菜品质都有显著效果,并且在ALA处理后期及0～100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下效果更显著。
Soil salinization is an important factor that can affect crop growth. How to settle soil salinization has become a significant problem, which is not only international, but also wrgency in biological technology. The trait of agritechnology is adopting man-made measure to alter pary environment, which will greatly improve the yield and quality of vegetable .But because it's not very scientific of culture, water and fertilizer, the phenomenon of salinity accumulation is so apparent. That causes soil salinization of sheltered farmland, which severely affects the production.
On the basis of the research on mitigative effects of exogenous materials in the vegetation under salt stress , the experiment simulates salinity of soil salinization Lettuce(Lactuca sativa var.capitata L.) was used to study the effects of exogenous materials,the lettuce(salt-tolerant:Xiang gang bo li sheng cai;Salt-sensitive:Mei Guo da su sheng)as the marterial in the experiment. SA, CaCl2 and AlA were Spurting as the different treatments and Spurting water as the CK. The Lettuce growth and antioxidation protective and physiological metabolism were studied in the experiment and the main results as follows:
1. The effect of Exogenous ALA, SA, CaCl2 on physiological characteristics of Lettuce under Salt Stress.
For the salt-tolerant Variety-Xiang Gang bo li sheng cai: the single yield was increased by 50.1% than CK under non-salty stress after used exogenous ALA; The conductivity was reduced, the content of chlorophyll and solution protein,root activity was increased after used Exogenous ALA; And the content of chlorophyll was increased after used Exogenous CaCl2.For the Salt-sensitive variety-Mei Guo da su sheng: the single yield was increased by 69.5% than CK under 100mmol/L NaCl stress after used exogenous ALA; The conductivity was reduced, the content of solution protein, root activity was increased after used Exogenous ALA; And the conductivity was reduced, the content of chlorophyll was increased after used Exogenous SA; The root activity was increased after used Exogenous CaCl2. In a word, ALA of the three Exogenous materials has the best effect of Mitigative effact of salt stress with increased the yield and changed plant shape, physiological and biochemical characteristic than SA and CaCl2.
2. Mitigative Effect of Exogenous ALA on Lettuce under salt stress.
For the salt-tolerant Variety-Xiang Gang bo li sheng cai: the yield was increased by 32.6%, 16.7%, 29.8%, 34.5% than CK under 0～150mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress after used exogenous ALA; For the Salt-sensitive variety-Mei Guo da su sheng: the yield was increased by 20.9%,11.5%,62.4%,25.7% than CK under 0～150mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress after used exogenous ALA. The conductivity reduced, so the salt stress was weakened with ALA, and the effect of ALA was better in the later stage of lettuce grown. The content of MDA under 100mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress, and the effect was notable in the later stage of grown. Antioxidation protective was also changed after used ALA, the SOD activity increased with ALA treated in the later stage of grown for salt-tolerant variety under high salt stress, but it has better action for Salt-sensitive variety under low salt stress. The CAT activity increased with ALA treated for salt-tolerant Variety under 50mmol/L and 100mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress. The POD activity increased with ALA treated for salt-tolerant Variety under 0～100mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress, and ALA had notable affect of salt-sensitive variety under 100mmol/L concentration of NaCl. The content of chlorophyll and the quality of vegetables were increased after treated used ALA In a word, the yield increased, plant shape improved,physiological characteristic changed and vegetable quality increased with ALA treated, and in the later stage under 0～100mmol/L concentration of NaCl with ALA treated had better effects.
本试验在前人关于外源物质对植物盐胁迫的缓解作用的研究基础上,模拟盐渍化土壤中盐分胁迫状况,以砂培生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)(品种为耐盐品种:香港玻璃生菜和盐敏感品种:美国大速生)为试材,分别喷施三种外源物质:水杨酸(SA)、氯化钙(CaCl2)和5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)为处理,喷施自来水作为对照,研究了不同盐浓度及外源物质处理对生菜生长、抗氧化保护系统及生理生化指标的影响及并同时研究了外源物质缓解盐胁迫的作用机理,主要研究结果如下:
1、外源ALA、SA、CaCl2对盐胁迫下生菜植株生理特性的影响
对于耐盐品种香港玻璃生菜,在0mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,ALA的增产效果最佳,其比对照单株产量增加了50.1%,并使电导率显著降低,生菜叶片中可溶性蛋白含量及植株的根系活力显著增加,CaCl2显著增加了叶片中叶绿素含量。对于盐敏感品种美国大速生,在100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,ALA的增产效果最佳,其比对照单株产量增加了69.5%, ALA显著降低了叶片电导率,显著增加了可溶性蛋白含量及植株的根系活力,SA也显著降低了盐胁迫下叶片的相对电导率值,提高叶片中叶绿素含量,CaCl2显著提高了生菜植株的根系活力。总之,从植株的产量、形态及各项生理指标的数据来看,三个外源物质中ALA效果最佳,CaCl2及SA次之。
2、外源ALA对生菜盐胁迫的缓解效应
外源ALA能显著提高生菜的总产量,对于耐盐品种香港玻璃生菜,在0～150mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,小区总产量分别比对照提高了32.6%、16.7%、29.8%、34.5%;而对于盐敏感品种美国大速生,产量分别增加了20.9%、11.5%、62.4%、25.7%。ALA能显著的降低生菜叶片的相对电导率,缓解生菜在盐胁迫下的受害程度,并且这种作用效果在生菜生长的后期更显著。在100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下,ALA处理显著的抑制了生菜叶片中MDA的合成,且在ALA的处理后期效果显著。ALA处理对保护酶系统的影响也较大,ALA对耐盐品种在高盐胁迫下增强SOD活性的效果较显著,而对盐敏感品种在低盐胁迫下作用效果较强,对盐敏感品种在50mmol/L及100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下增加CAT活性作用效果显著。ALA也增加了耐盐品种0～100mmol/LNaCl盐胁迫下植株POD活性,而对盐敏感品种在100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下的植株效果显著,且在后期效果更佳。ALA处理也显著的增加生菜叶片中叶绿素的含量及蔬菜品质。总的来说,ALA对提高盐胁迫下生物产量、改善植株的形态、影响生理指标及提高生菜的蔬菜品质都有显著效果,并且在ALA处理后期及0～100mmol/LNaCl胁迫下效果更显著。
Soil salinization is an important factor that can affect crop growth. How to settle soil salinization has become a significant problem, which is not only international, but also wrgency in biological technology. The trait of agritechnology is adopting man-made measure to alter pary environment, which will greatly improve the yield and quality of vegetable .But because it's not very scientific of culture, water and fertilizer, the phenomenon of salinity accumulation is so apparent. That causes soil salinization of sheltered farmland, which severely affects the production.
On the basis of the research on mitigative effects of exogenous materials in the vegetation under salt stress , the experiment simulates salinity of soil salinization Lettuce(Lactuca sativa var.capitata L.) was used to study the effects of exogenous materials,the lettuce(salt-tolerant:Xiang gang bo li sheng cai;Salt-sensitive:Mei Guo da su sheng)as the marterial in the experiment. SA, CaCl2 and AlA were Spurting as the different treatments and Spurting water as the CK. The Lettuce growth and antioxidation protective and physiological metabolism were studied in the experiment and the main results as follows:
1. The effect of Exogenous ALA, SA, CaCl2 on physiological characteristics of Lettuce under Salt Stress.
For the salt-tolerant Variety-Xiang Gang bo li sheng cai: the single yield was increased by 50.1% than CK under non-salty stress after used exogenous ALA; The conductivity was reduced, the content of chlorophyll and solution protein,root activity was increased after used Exogenous ALA; And the content of chlorophyll was increased after used Exogenous CaCl2.For the Salt-sensitive variety-Mei Guo da su sheng: the single yield was increased by 69.5% than CK under 100mmol/L NaCl stress after used exogenous ALA; The conductivity was reduced, the content of solution protein, root activity was increased after used Exogenous ALA; And the conductivity was reduced, the content of chlorophyll was increased after used Exogenous SA; The root activity was increased after used Exogenous CaCl2. In a word, ALA of the three Exogenous materials has the best effect of Mitigative effact of salt stress with increased the yield and changed plant shape, physiological and biochemical characteristic than SA and CaCl2.
2. Mitigative Effect of Exogenous ALA on Lettuce under salt stress.
For the salt-tolerant Variety-Xiang Gang bo li sheng cai: the yield was increased by 32.6%, 16.7%, 29.8%, 34.5% than CK under 0～150mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress after used exogenous ALA; For the Salt-sensitive variety-Mei Guo da su sheng: the yield was increased by 20.9%,11.5%,62.4%,25.7% than CK under 0～150mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress after used exogenous ALA. The conductivity reduced, so the salt stress was weakened with ALA, and the effect of ALA was better in the later stage of lettuce grown. The content of MDA under 100mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress, and the effect was notable in the later stage of grown. Antioxidation protective was also changed after used ALA, the SOD activity increased with ALA treated in the later stage of grown for salt-tolerant variety under high salt stress, but it has better action for Salt-sensitive variety under low salt stress. The CAT activity increased with ALA treated for salt-tolerant Variety under 50mmol/L and 100mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress. The POD activity increased with ALA treated for salt-tolerant Variety under 0～100mmol/L concentration of NaCl stress, and ALA had notable affect of salt-sensitive variety under 100mmol/L concentration of NaCl. The content of chlorophyll and the quality of vegetables were increased after treated used ALA In a word, the yield increased, plant shape improved,physiological characteristic changed and vegetable quality increased with ALA treated, and in the later stage under 0～100mmol/L concentration of NaCl with ALA treated had better effects.
引文
[1]余叔文, 汤章成. 植物生理与分子生物学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,1998.
[2]赵可夫,冯立田. 中国盐生植物资源[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2001:32～43.
[3]沈禹颖.阎顺国.余玲.盐分浓度对碱茅种子发龙、芽的影响[J].草业科学.1991,(3): 67～68.
[4]何长芳,杨国柱,吕峰.盐分浓度对星星草种子萌发的影响[J].青海草业,1995, 4(4): 33～36.
[5]李昀,沈禹颖,阎顺国.NaCl胁迫下5种牧草种子萌发的比较研究[J].草业科学.1997,14(2):50～ 53.
[6]康玉林,徐利群.张春霞等.不同盐浓度对马铃薯实生苗的影响[J].马铃薯杂志,1996,10 (1):17～ 19.
[7]戴伟明,蔡润,潘俊松等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响[J].上海农业学报.2002,18(1): 58～62.
[8]陈坚,周木虎,盐胁迫对不同苦瓜品种萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版).2002, 24(4):44～48.
[9]梁云媚,李燕,多立安等.不同盐分胁迫对苜蓿种子萌发的影响[J].草业科学.1998,15(6):21～ 25.
[10]程大友,张义,陈丽.氯化钠胁迫下甜菜种子的萌发[J].中国糖料.1996(2):21～23.
[11]卡恩.种子萌发的生理生化(第1卷)[M].北京:农业出版社.1990.
[12]贺长征,胡晋,朱志玉等.混合盐引发对水稻种子在逆境条件下发芽及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2002, 28(2):175～178.
[13]Hsu J L and Sung J M.Antioxidant role of glutathione associated with accelerated aging and hydration of triploid watermelon seeds[J].Physiologia Plantarum, 1997,100: 967～974.
[14]解秀娟,胡晋.沙引发对紫花苜蓿种子盐逆境下发芽及幼苗生理生化变化的影响[J].种子.2003(4):5～6.
[15]孙小芳,郑青松,刘友良等.NaCI胁迫对棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的伤害[J].植物资源与环境学报.2000,9(3):22～25.
[16]陈月艳,孙国荣,李景信等.NaCl胁迫对星星草种子萌发过程中水分吸收及膜透性的影响[J].草业科学.1997, 14(2):27～30.
[17]谢德意,王惠萍,王付欣等.盐胁迫对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2000(3):10～12.
[18]赵檀方,闫先喜,胡延吉.盐胁迫对大麦种子吸胀萌发及根尖细胞结构的影响[J].大麦科学. 1994(4):17～20.
[19]孙小芳,刘友良,陈沁.棉花耐盐性研究进展[J]. 棉花学报, 1998,10(3):118～124.
[20]JafriA Z,A hmad R.Plant growth and ionic dist ribution in cotton under saline environment [J]. Pak istanJournal of Bo tany, 1994,26(1):105～114.
[21]王新伟.同盐浓度对马铃薯试管苗的胁迫效应[J].马铃薯杂志,1998,12(4):203～207.
[22]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等.NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2002,22(2):278～284.
[23]苗济文,马云瑞,罗代雄,等.土壤盐分对宁夏春小麦的影响[J].西北农业学报,1995,4(3): 81～84.
[24]郭洪海,董晓霞,孔令安,等.盐胁迫下饲料酸模植株生长及其与Na+、K+、Cl～的关系[J].山东农业科学,1998(6):26～29.
[25]董晓霞,赵树慧,孔令安,等.苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究[J].草业科学,1998,15 (5):10～13.
[26]Munns R. Physiological processes limiting plantgrowth in saline soils: some dogmas and hypothe ses[J]. Plant Cell Environ,1993,16:152～241
[27]Kuiper D J , Schuit.Actual cytokine in concent ration in plant tissue as an indicator for salt resistance incere2als[J]. Plant Soil,1990,123:2432～2501
[28]Tat t iniM R, GucciM A , Co radesch i C, Ponzio et al.Grow th, gas exchange and ion content in O leacu rop aea p lant during salinity st ress and subsequentrelief[J]. Physio l Plant,1995,95:2032～2101
[29]STOREYR,WAL KERR.Citrus and salinity[J]. Sci2ent ia Ho rt iculturae, 1999,78:39～81.
[30]Kulieva F B,Shanina Z B, Strogonov B P. Effect of high sodium chloride concentrations on the in～vitro cell division of Crepis capillaris[J]. Fiziol Rast,1975, 22:131～135.
[31]Sultana N, Ikeda T , Itoh R.Effect of NaCl salinityon photosynthesis and drymat ter accumulation in developing rice grain [J].Environ ExpBot,1999,42:211～220.
[32]张淑红,张恩平,庞金安,等.NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合特性及水分利用率的影响[J].中国蔬菜, 2005(1):11～13.
[33]华春, 王仁雷.盐胁迫对水稻叶片光合效率和叶绿体超显微结构的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(1):27～31.
[34]史庆华, 朱祝军, Khalida A l2aghabary,等.等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对番茄光合作用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(2):188～191.
[35]马焕成, 王沙生, 蒋湘宁. 盐胁迫下胡杨的光合和生长响应[J].西南林学院学报,1998,18(1): 33～41.
[36]郑国琦,马宏玮,许兴.盐胁迫下枸杞盐分与甜菜碱积累及光合作用的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):51～54.
[37]赵可夫. 植物抗盐生理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[38]朱新广,张其德.NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):332～338.
[39]江行玉,窦君霞,正秋.NaCl对玉米和棉花光合作用与渗透调节能力影响的比较(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(4):303～305.
[40]吴永波,薛建辉.盐胁迫对3种白蜡树幼苗生长与光合作用的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(3):19～22.
[41]惠红霞,许兴,李树华.宁夏春小麦抗盐生理研究[J].宁夏农学院学报, 2001,22(1):18～20.
[42]梁海永,李会平,杨敏生,郑均宝. NaCl胁迫对毛白杨试管小植株叶片离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参数的影响.河北林果研究, 199914 No.13,(9)234～137.
[43]朱新广,王强,张其德等. 冬小麦光合功能对盐胁迫的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报.2002,8 (2):177～180.
[44]郑国琦,许兴,徐兆桢等. 盐胁迫对枸杞光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制[J].西北农业学报2002,11(3):87～90.
[45]工仁雷,华春,刘友良. 盐胁迫对水稻光合特性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2002,25(4):11～14.
[46]Von Wettstein D.Chlorophyll biosynthesis[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1039～1057
[47]刘秀艳,叶敏,徐向阳.产生5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)光合细菌生物学研究进展[J].生物工程进展.2000, 20(5) : 67～71.
[48]刘秀艳,徐向阳,陈蔚青.光合细菌产生5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)的研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版} , 2002, 29(3)336～340.
[49]郭进魁,毕玉蓉,李红玉.外源Narciclasine对黄化植物中5-氨基乙酰丙酸生物合成的抑制作用及其与6-BA和ABA作用的关系[J] .植物生理学报.2000,26(5):437～440.
[50]付士凯,李伟华,时建刚.5-氨基乙酰丙酸的应用及合成方法[J].山东化工.2003, 32(3) : 24～27.
[51]张淑婷.周强.植物生长调节剂δ-ALA的全化学合成[J].农药.2002,41(7):43～46.
[52]Kumar A M. Sekective inhibition of HEMA gene expression by photooxidation in Arabidopsis [J].thaliana.Phytochem.,1999,51:847～851.
[53]Hatta Y.New physiological effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid in plants: the increase of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and plant growth[J].Biosco.Biotech.Biochem, 1997, 61:2025～2028.
[54]Hatta Y .Improvement of cold resistnce in rice seedlings by 5-amino-levulinic acid[J].J.PestSc i.,1998,23:29～33.
[55]Watanabe K. Improving salt tolerance of cotton seedlings with 5-amino-levulinic acid[J].Plant Growth Regul.,2000,32:99～103.
[56]汪良驹,姜卫兵,章镇,等.5～氨基乙酰丙酸的生物合成和生理活性及其在农业中的潜在应用[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(3):185～192.
[57]张一宾.周焱. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸的植物生理话性[J]. 世界农药.2000, 22(3):8～14
[58]崛田康司. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对两种草坪生长的影响[J]. 青海草业.2001,10(4):46～47.
[59]范镇基. 神奇的新除草杀虫剂—δ-氨基乙酰丙酸[J]. 氨基酸和生物资源,2000,(1) : 37.
[60]Tanaka Y. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the accumulation of chlorophyll b and Apoproteins of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of photosystem Ⅱ [J].Plant Cell Physiol,l993,34:465～472.
[61]Sasaki K .Promotive effects of 5–aminolevulinic acid on the growth and photosynthesis of Spirulina platenesis[J].J Ferm Bioeng,1995,79:453～457.
[62]汪良驹,姜卫兵,黄保健,等.5-氨基乙酰丙酸对弱光下生长的甜瓜幼苗光合作用和抗冷性的促进效应[J].园艺学报,2004,31 (3):321～326.
[63]汪良驹,石伟,刘晖,等.外源 5-氨基乙酰丙酸处理对小白菜叶片的光合作用效应[J].南京农业大学学报,2004,27 (2):34～38.
[64]Bindu R C. vekanandan M. Hormonal activilies of 5-aminolevulinic acid in callus induction and micropropagation [J].Plans Growth Regul,1998.26: 15～18.
[65]Monteiro H P. Free radical gener-ation during δ-aminolevulinic acid autoxidation: Induction by hemoglobin and connections with porphyrinpathies [J].Arch Biochem Biophys, 1989, 271:206～216.
[66]Oteiza P I. 5-aminolevulinic acid induces lipid peroxidation in cardiolipin～rich Liposomes [J].Arch Biochem Biophys, 1993, 305:282～287.
[67]Chakraborty N. Involvement of singlet oxygen in 5-atminolevulinic acid-induced Photodynamic damage of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L .)Chloroplasts [J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 98:7～11.
[68]Hansson M.Analysis of RNA and enzymes of potential im portance fox regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in the protochlorophyllide accumulating bar-ley mutant tigrinad12[J]. Plant Physiol Biachem,1997,35:827～836.
[69]Hartel H.Photoinduced damage in leaf segments of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and lettuce(Lactuca saliva L.)treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid.Ⅱ Characterization of photodynamic damage by means of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 photooxidation[J].J Plant Physiol., 1993,142:237～243.
[70]Harel H. Photoinduced damage in leaf segments of wheat(Triticwn aestivum L.)and lettuce( Lactuca saliva L.) treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid.I.Effect on structural components ofthe photosynthetic apparatus.J PlantPhysiol.,1993,142;230～236.
[71]Kumar A M. Selective inhibition of HEMA gene expression by photooxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana [J].Phytochem, 1999,51: 847～851.
[72]Gullner G. Accumulation of glutathione in pea leaf discs exposed to the photooxidation herbicides acifluorfen and 5-aminolevulinicacid[J].JPlant physial,2000,156:111～117.
[73]原永兵,曹宗巽.水杨酸在植物体内的作用[J].植物学通报 1994,11(3):1～9
[74]李德红,潘瑞炽.水杨酸在植物体内的作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31(2):144～149.
[75] Rask in I Salicylate,a new hormone[J].Plant physiology,1992, 90 799～803.
[76]Ppean Cortes Aspirin prevents wounding induced gene expression in tobacco levels by blocking jasm on ic acid biosynthesis[J].Planta 1993,1991:123～128.
[77]Chen B C , Fang J W, DuH.Application of acctosalicy lic on transplanting of late rice seedings[J].Acta Agriculturae zhe jiangensis,1994,4(1):42～43.
[78]张士功,高吉寅,宋景芝.NaCl 胁迫下水杨酸和阿司匹林对小麦幼苗体内 ATP 含量的影响[J] .植物学报,1999,41: 675～676.
[79]时丽冉,杜军华.水杨酸对盐害下玉米幼苗质膜稳定性及 K+/Na+比的影响[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,1: 50～52
[80]佘小平,贺军民,何志学,等.水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗盐伤害的缓解效应[[ J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001, 29( 3): 99～101.
[81]杨晓杰,张洪伟.水杨酸对盐胁迫下管花蒲公英的保护作用[J]. 植物研究,2006,26(2): 222～224.
[82]王淑芳,杨雪清,田桂香等水杨酸对 NaCl 胁迫下黄芩幼苗生长的影响[J].西南师范大学学报{自然科学版),2006,31( 5):159～162.
[83]阎国华,陈云昭.Ca(NO3)2 对盐胁迫下大豆离体胚再生植株保护系统的影响[J].山西农业大学学报,1996, 16 (3):222～225.
[84]郑青松,王仁雷,刘友良.钙对盐胁迫下棉苗离子吸收分配的影响[J].植物生理学报,2001,27 (4):325～330.
[85]汪良驹,刘友良,马凯.钙在无花果细胞盐诱导脯氨酸积累中的作用[J].植物生理学报,1999, 25(1):38～42.
[86]宋纯鹏,胡楠,董发才,等.盐胁迫条件下钙对小麦根细胞膜电位和钾离子吸收的影响[J]河南大学学报,2002, 32 (3) : 25～28.
[87]龚明,刘兴富.钙对玉米幼苗抗盐性的效应[J] .植物生理学通讯,1994,30 (6):429～432.
[88]冯文新,张宝红.钙处理对盐胁迫下大豆种子萌发及其生理生化指标的影响[J].大豆科学,1997, 16 (1) : 48～53.
[89]王宝山.Na+、K+、ABA对盐胁迫下大麦液泡膜ATPase活性的影响[J] .植物学报,1991, 17 (4) : 403～ 406.
[90]Binzel M.L. and Reuveni M.Cellular mechanisms of salt tolerance in plant cells[J].Hort. Rev, 1994, 16: 33～69.
[91]翟风林,曹鸣庆.植物的耐盐性及其改良[M].农业出版社,1989.
[92]刘祖祺,张石城.植物抗性生理学[M].中国农业出版社,1994.
[93]Cramer G. R. Lauchli A. and Polito V. S. DisPlaceanent of Ca2+ by Na+ from the plasmalemma of root cells[J]. Plant Physiol,1985, 79: 207～211.
[94]赵可夫,李法曾.中国盐生植物[M].科学出版社,1999.
[95]周卫,林葆.植物钙素营养机理研究进展[J].土壤学进展. 1995, 23(2): 12～16.
[96]章文华,刘友良.钙对大麦幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应[J] .植物生理学通讯,1992, 28 ( 3):176.
[97]赵可夫.作物耐盐机理研究进展及提高作物抗盐性的对策[J].植物学通报,1997, 14(增刊):235～240.
[98]刘友良,毛才良,汪良驹.植物耐盐性研究进展[J] .植物生理学通讯,1987,(4):l～7.
[99]陈京,吴应言.钙对甘薯种苗盐胁迫的缓解效应[J].西南师范大学学报,1996, 21(1):78～83.
[100]陈少裕.膜质过氧化与植物逆境胁迫[J].植物生理学通讯,1989,6 (4):211～217.
[101]王海英,孙建设,王旭静,等.果树耐盐性研究进展[J].河北农业大学学报,2000, 23 (2):54～59.
[102]汤章城.逆境条件下植物脯氨酸的积累及其可能的意义[J].植物生理学通讯 1984, (1):15～18.
[103]黄健,唐学,玺付萌,等.盐胁迫对海滨香豌豆叶片三种物质含量的影响[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1997, 27 (4): 509～514.
[104]乔亚科,李桂兰,王文颇,等.野生、栽培大豆愈伤组织耐盐性与植株盐胁迫下丙二醛(MDA)含量的关系[J].大豆科学,2003, 22(2):127～131.
[105]史跃林,罗庆熙,刘佩英.Ca2+对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗中 CaM、MDA 含量和质膜透性的影响[[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31:347～349
[106]Hasegawa P, Bressan RA, Zhu JK. et al.Plant celluler and moleculer responses to high salinity[J]. Ann Rev Plant Mol Bio1,2000.51:463～499.
[107]王凤华,王贵学,赖钟雄,等. CaCl2 处理对茄子幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响[J].江西农业大学学报.2005,27(4):546～552.
[108]尚庆茂,宋士清,张志刚,等.水杨酸增强黄瓜幼苗耐盐性的生理机制[J].中国农业科学.2007,40(1):147～152.
[109]王红星,吴诗光,杨光宇.寒胁迫对小麦幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].周口师范高等等专科学校学报,2000, 17(2) :4～5.
[110]周贺芳,邹志荣,杨兴娟等.外源 Ca2+对盐胁迫下甜瓜植株的缓解效应[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(9):2543～2544,2546.
[111]王艳,杨晓杰. 水杨酸对大豆幼苗盐伤害的缓解效应[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(8):172～174.
[112]Eva2 Mari A. Mccaffery S, Anderson J M . Photoinhibition and DI Protein Degeradation in Peas Acclimated to Different Growth Irradiances[J].Plant Physiol,1993.103: 599～626.
[113]CASTELFRANCO P A, BEALE B I. Chlorophyll biosynthesis: recent advances and area of current lnterest[J].Annu .Rev. Plant Physiol.,1983, 34: 241～278.
[114]宋士清, 郭世荣. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸的生理作用及其在农业生产中的应用[J]. 河北科技师范学院学报,2004, 18(2) : 54～57.
[115]刘卫琴,康琅, 汪良驹. ALA 对草莓光合作用的影响及其与抗氧化酶的关系[J]. 西北植物学报2006,26(1):57～62.
[116]WANG L J,JIANG W B.Promotion of 5 ～ aminolevulinic acid on photosynthesis of melon (Cucumismelo)seeding under low light and childing stress conditions[J].Physiol.Plant. 2004,121: 258～264.
[117]康琅, 程云,汪良驹. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对秋冬季大棚西瓜叶片光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2297～2301.
[118]汪良驹,刘卫琴,孙国荣等. ALA 对萝卜不同叶位叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西北植物学报.2005, 25(3):488～496.
[119]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.159~160.
[120]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].高等教育出版社.2002
[121]高俊凤.植物生理学实验技术[M].世界图书出版社.2000.1
[122]Larc D A ,Tottempudi K P, Cecil R S .Changes in is cymes profiles of catalane peroxides and glutathione reduces during acclimation to chilling in mesocotyls of maize seeding[J].Plant physiology, 1995, 109;1247～1257.
[123]韦小丽,徐锡增,朱守谦.水分胁迫下愉科 3 种幼苗生理生化指标的变化[J].南京林业大学学报.2005 ,3.
[124]肖雯,贾恢先,蒲陆梅.几种盐生植物抗盐生理指标的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000, 20 (5):818～825.
[125]张润花,郭世荣,李娟.盐胁迫对黄瓜根系活力、叶绿素含量的影响.长江蔬菜.2006.02.47～49.
[126]翟凤林,曹鸣庆.植物的耐盐性及其改良.北京:农业出版社,1989.381.
[127]Stewert R C,Bew ley J D Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes[J].PlantPhysiol,1980,65:245～248.
[128]Chance B, Maen1y A C. Assay of catalase and Peroxidase Colcrw ick SP, Kapalan No methods of enzymology, Vol II .New York: Academ ic Press, 1955. 764.
[129]NISHIHARA ,KONDOK,PARVEZMM.Role of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) on active oxygen- scavenging system in NaCl-treated spinach(Spinacia oleracea)[J],j.Plant Physiol.2003,160: 1085～1091.
[130]赵世杰,艾希珍,王绍辉,等. 叶黄素循环和光呼吸对生姜光抑制破坏的防御作用[J].西北农业学报,1999,8(3):81～85.
[131]WANG L J, JIANG W B, LIU H, et al. Promotion of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on germination of pakchoi ( Brassica chinese)seeds under Salt Stress,[J].Integrative Plant Biology, 2005, 47(9):( In press).
[132]杨劲松,陈德明,沈其荣.作物抗盐机制研究Ⅰ小麦水分保持与质膜渗透性[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):524～528.
[133]魏爱丽,取岩,郭平毅.水杨酸对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗膜质过氧化作用的调控[J].信阳农业高等专科学校学报.2001,11(3):4～6.
[134]李焰焰,董召荣,聂传朋,等.盐胁迫下水杨酸及其衍生物对小黑麦幼苗生理特性生物影响[J].生物学杂志.2005,22(3):11～13.
[135]王晓娟,覃新程,荆艳彩,等,小麦根系过氧化氢的积累与耐盐性的关系[J].武汉植物学研究, 2002,20(4):293～298.
[136]刘晖,康琅,汪良驹.ALA 对盐胁迫下西瓜种子萌发的促进效应[J].果树学报,2006,23(6): 854～859.
[137]刘国花.盐胁迫对豌豆幼苗生理指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(3):366～368.
[138]郭文忠,刘生锋,李丁仁,等.硝酸盐和氯化钙不同浓度对番茄幼苗光合生理特性的影响[J].农艺科学.2003,1(5):282～311.
[139]章文华,陈沁,刘友良.NaCl 胁迫下大麦根液泡膜流动性与 H+-ATPase 活动的关系[J].植物学报.2002,44(3):292～296.
[140]Lahaye P A, Epstein E. Salt Tole ration By plant:Enhancement with caliam[J].Science,1969,(166): 395～407.
[141]汪贵斌,曹福良。盐胁迫对落羽杉生理及生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报,2003,27(3);11～14.
[142]郭房庆,周建明,汤章城. NaCl 胁迫下小麦突变体和野生型叶片中一些有机溶质和基因表达差异[J].植物生理学报,1999,25(3):263～268.
[143]毛桂莲,郑国琦,章英才,等.不同钙盐对 NaCl 胁迫下枸杞愈伤组织耐盐性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究。2007,25(1):131～134.
[144]周贺芳,邹志荣,孟长军,等. 外源 ALA ,CaCl2 和水杨酸对盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗一些生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究.2007,25(4):212～215.
[145]李晓燕,宋占午,董志贤.植物的盐胁迫生理[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40 (3):106～111.
[2]赵可夫,冯立田. 中国盐生植物资源[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2001:32～43.
[3]沈禹颖.阎顺国.余玲.盐分浓度对碱茅种子发龙、芽的影响[J].草业科学.1991,(3): 67～68.
[4]何长芳,杨国柱,吕峰.盐分浓度对星星草种子萌发的影响[J].青海草业,1995, 4(4): 33～36.
[5]李昀,沈禹颖,阎顺国.NaCl胁迫下5种牧草种子萌发的比较研究[J].草业科学.1997,14(2):50～ 53.
[6]康玉林,徐利群.张春霞等.不同盐浓度对马铃薯实生苗的影响[J].马铃薯杂志,1996,10 (1):17～ 19.
[7]戴伟明,蔡润,潘俊松等.盐胁迫对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响[J].上海农业学报.2002,18(1): 58～62.
[8]陈坚,周木虎,盐胁迫对不同苦瓜品种萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版).2002, 24(4):44～48.
[9]梁云媚,李燕,多立安等.不同盐分胁迫对苜蓿种子萌发的影响[J].草业科学.1998,15(6):21～ 25.
[10]程大友,张义,陈丽.氯化钠胁迫下甜菜种子的萌发[J].中国糖料.1996(2):21～23.
[11]卡恩.种子萌发的生理生化(第1卷)[M].北京:农业出版社.1990.
[12]贺长征,胡晋,朱志玉等.混合盐引发对水稻种子在逆境条件下发芽及幼苗生理特性的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2002, 28(2):175～178.
[13]Hsu J L and Sung J M.Antioxidant role of glutathione associated with accelerated aging and hydration of triploid watermelon seeds[J].Physiologia Plantarum, 1997,100: 967～974.
[14]解秀娟,胡晋.沙引发对紫花苜蓿种子盐逆境下发芽及幼苗生理生化变化的影响[J].种子.2003(4):5～6.
[15]孙小芳,郑青松,刘友良等.NaCI胁迫对棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的伤害[J].植物资源与环境学报.2000,9(3):22～25.
[16]陈月艳,孙国荣,李景信等.NaCl胁迫对星星草种子萌发过程中水分吸收及膜透性的影响[J].草业科学.1997, 14(2):27～30.
[17]谢德意,王惠萍,王付欣等.盐胁迫对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].种子,2000(3):10～12.
[18]赵檀方,闫先喜,胡延吉.盐胁迫对大麦种子吸胀萌发及根尖细胞结构的影响[J].大麦科学. 1994(4):17～20.
[19]孙小芳,刘友良,陈沁.棉花耐盐性研究进展[J]. 棉花学报, 1998,10(3):118～124.
[20]JafriA Z,A hmad R.Plant growth and ionic dist ribution in cotton under saline environment [J]. Pak istanJournal of Bo tany, 1994,26(1):105～114.
[21]王新伟.同盐浓度对马铃薯试管苗的胁迫效应[J].马铃薯杂志,1998,12(4):203～207.
[22]许兴,李树华,惠红霞,等.NaCl胁迫对小麦幼苗生长、叶绿素含量及Na+、K+吸收的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2002,22(2):278～284.
[23]苗济文,马云瑞,罗代雄,等.土壤盐分对宁夏春小麦的影响[J].西北农业学报,1995,4(3): 81～84.
[24]郭洪海,董晓霞,孔令安,等.盐胁迫下饲料酸模植株生长及其与Na+、K+、Cl～的关系[J].山东农业科学,1998(6):26～29.
[25]董晓霞,赵树慧,孔令安,等.苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究[J].草业科学,1998,15 (5):10～13.
[26]Munns R. Physiological processes limiting plantgrowth in saline soils: some dogmas and hypothe ses[J]. Plant Cell Environ,1993,16:152～241
[27]Kuiper D J , Schuit.Actual cytokine in concent ration in plant tissue as an indicator for salt resistance incere2als[J]. Plant Soil,1990,123:2432～2501
[28]Tat t iniM R, GucciM A , Co radesch i C, Ponzio et al.Grow th, gas exchange and ion content in O leacu rop aea p lant during salinity st ress and subsequentrelief[J]. Physio l Plant,1995,95:2032～2101
[29]STOREYR,WAL KERR.Citrus and salinity[J]. Sci2ent ia Ho rt iculturae, 1999,78:39～81.
[30]Kulieva F B,Shanina Z B, Strogonov B P. Effect of high sodium chloride concentrations on the in～vitro cell division of Crepis capillaris[J]. Fiziol Rast,1975, 22:131～135.
[31]Sultana N, Ikeda T , Itoh R.Effect of NaCl salinityon photosynthesis and drymat ter accumulation in developing rice grain [J].Environ ExpBot,1999,42:211～220.
[32]张淑红,张恩平,庞金安,等.NaCl胁迫对黄瓜幼苗光合特性及水分利用率的影响[J].中国蔬菜, 2005(1):11～13.
[33]华春, 王仁雷.盐胁迫对水稻叶片光合效率和叶绿体超显微结构的影响[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,35(1):27～31.
[34]史庆华, 朱祝军, Khalida A l2aghabary,等.等渗Ca(NO3)2和NaCl胁迫对番茄光合作用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(2):188～191.
[35]马焕成, 王沙生, 蒋湘宁. 盐胁迫下胡杨的光合和生长响应[J].西南林学院学报,1998,18(1): 33～41.
[36]郑国琦,马宏玮,许兴.盐胁迫下枸杞盐分与甜菜碱积累及光合作用的关系[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):51～54.
[37]赵可夫. 植物抗盐生理[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[38]朱新广,张其德.NaCl对光合作用影响的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,16(4):332～338.
[39]江行玉,窦君霞,正秋.NaCl对玉米和棉花光合作用与渗透调节能力影响的比较(简报)[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,37(4):303～305.
[40]吴永波,薛建辉.盐胁迫对3种白蜡树幼苗生长与光合作用的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(3):19～22.
[41]惠红霞,许兴,李树华.宁夏春小麦抗盐生理研究[J].宁夏农学院学报, 2001,22(1):18～20.
[42]梁海永,李会平,杨敏生,郑均宝. NaCl胁迫对毛白杨试管小植株叶片离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参数的影响.河北林果研究, 199914 No.13,(9)234～137.
[43]朱新广,王强,张其德等. 冬小麦光合功能对盐胁迫的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报.2002,8 (2):177～180.
[44]郑国琦,许兴,徐兆桢等. 盐胁迫对枸杞光合作用的气孔与非气孔限制[J].西北农业学报2002,11(3):87～90.
[45]工仁雷,华春,刘友良. 盐胁迫对水稻光合特性的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2002,25(4):11～14.
[46]Von Wettstein D.Chlorophyll biosynthesis[J].Plant Cell,1995,7:1039～1057
[47]刘秀艳,叶敏,徐向阳.产生5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)光合细菌生物学研究进展[J].生物工程进展.2000, 20(5) : 67～71.
[48]刘秀艳,徐向阳,陈蔚青.光合细菌产生5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)的研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版} , 2002, 29(3)336～340.
[49]郭进魁,毕玉蓉,李红玉.外源Narciclasine对黄化植物中5-氨基乙酰丙酸生物合成的抑制作用及其与6-BA和ABA作用的关系[J] .植物生理学报.2000,26(5):437～440.
[50]付士凯,李伟华,时建刚.5-氨基乙酰丙酸的应用及合成方法[J].山东化工.2003, 32(3) : 24～27.
[51]张淑婷.周强.植物生长调节剂δ-ALA的全化学合成[J].农药.2002,41(7):43～46.
[52]Kumar A M. Sekective inhibition of HEMA gene expression by photooxidation in Arabidopsis [J].thaliana.Phytochem.,1999,51:847～851.
[53]Hatta Y.New physiological effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid in plants: the increase of photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, and plant growth[J].Biosco.Biotech.Biochem, 1997, 61:2025～2028.
[54]Hatta Y .Improvement of cold resistnce in rice seedlings by 5-amino-levulinic acid[J].J.PestSc i.,1998,23:29～33.
[55]Watanabe K. Improving salt tolerance of cotton seedlings with 5-amino-levulinic acid[J].Plant Growth Regul.,2000,32:99～103.
[56]汪良驹,姜卫兵,章镇,等.5～氨基乙酰丙酸的生物合成和生理活性及其在农业中的潜在应用[J].植物生理学通讯,2003,39(3):185～192.
[57]张一宾.周焱. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸的植物生理话性[J]. 世界农药.2000, 22(3):8～14
[58]崛田康司. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对两种草坪生长的影响[J]. 青海草业.2001,10(4):46～47.
[59]范镇基. 神奇的新除草杀虫剂—δ-氨基乙酰丙酸[J]. 氨基酸和生物资源,2000,(1) : 37.
[60]Tanaka Y. Effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the accumulation of chlorophyll b and Apoproteins of the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex of photosystem Ⅱ [J].Plant Cell Physiol,l993,34:465～472.
[61]Sasaki K .Promotive effects of 5–aminolevulinic acid on the growth and photosynthesis of Spirulina platenesis[J].J Ferm Bioeng,1995,79:453～457.
[62]汪良驹,姜卫兵,黄保健,等.5-氨基乙酰丙酸对弱光下生长的甜瓜幼苗光合作用和抗冷性的促进效应[J].园艺学报,2004,31 (3):321～326.
[63]汪良驹,石伟,刘晖,等.外源 5-氨基乙酰丙酸处理对小白菜叶片的光合作用效应[J].南京农业大学学报,2004,27 (2):34～38.
[64]Bindu R C. vekanandan M. Hormonal activilies of 5-aminolevulinic acid in callus induction and micropropagation [J].Plans Growth Regul,1998.26: 15～18.
[65]Monteiro H P. Free radical gener-ation during δ-aminolevulinic acid autoxidation: Induction by hemoglobin and connections with porphyrinpathies [J].Arch Biochem Biophys, 1989, 271:206～216.
[66]Oteiza P I. 5-aminolevulinic acid induces lipid peroxidation in cardiolipin～rich Liposomes [J].Arch Biochem Biophys, 1993, 305:282～287.
[67]Chakraborty N. Involvement of singlet oxygen in 5-atminolevulinic acid-induced Photodynamic damage of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L .)Chloroplasts [J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 98:7～11.
[68]Hansson M.Analysis of RNA and enzymes of potential im portance fox regulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthesis in the protochlorophyllide accumulating bar-ley mutant tigrinad12[J]. Plant Physiol Biachem,1997,35:827～836.
[69]Hartel H.Photoinduced damage in leaf segments of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)and lettuce(Lactuca saliva L.)treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid.Ⅱ Characterization of photodynamic damage by means of delayed chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 photooxidation[J].J Plant Physiol., 1993,142:237～243.
[70]Harel H. Photoinduced damage in leaf segments of wheat(Triticwn aestivum L.)and lettuce( Lactuca saliva L.) treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid.I.Effect on structural components ofthe photosynthetic apparatus.J PlantPhysiol.,1993,142;230～236.
[71]Kumar A M. Selective inhibition of HEMA gene expression by photooxidation in Arabidopsis thaliana [J].Phytochem, 1999,51: 847～851.
[72]Gullner G. Accumulation of glutathione in pea leaf discs exposed to the photooxidation herbicides acifluorfen and 5-aminolevulinicacid[J].JPlant physial,2000,156:111～117.
[73]原永兵,曹宗巽.水杨酸在植物体内的作用[J].植物学通报 1994,11(3):1～9
[74]李德红,潘瑞炽.水杨酸在植物体内的作用[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31(2):144～149.
[75] Rask in I Salicylate,a new hormone[J].Plant physiology,1992, 90 799～803.
[76]Ppean Cortes Aspirin prevents wounding induced gene expression in tobacco levels by blocking jasm on ic acid biosynthesis[J].Planta 1993,1991:123～128.
[77]Chen B C , Fang J W, DuH.Application of acctosalicy lic on transplanting of late rice seedings[J].Acta Agriculturae zhe jiangensis,1994,4(1):42～43.
[78]张士功,高吉寅,宋景芝.NaCl 胁迫下水杨酸和阿司匹林对小麦幼苗体内 ATP 含量的影响[J] .植物学报,1999,41: 675～676.
[79]时丽冉,杜军华.水杨酸对盐害下玉米幼苗质膜稳定性及 K+/Na+比的影响[J].青海师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001,1: 50～52
[80]佘小平,贺军民,何志学,等.水杨酸对黄瓜幼苗盐伤害的缓解效应[[ J].陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2001, 29( 3): 99～101.
[81]杨晓杰,张洪伟.水杨酸对盐胁迫下管花蒲公英的保护作用[J]. 植物研究,2006,26(2): 222～224.
[82]王淑芳,杨雪清,田桂香等水杨酸对 NaCl 胁迫下黄芩幼苗生长的影响[J].西南师范大学学报{自然科学版),2006,31( 5):159～162.
[83]阎国华,陈云昭.Ca(NO3)2 对盐胁迫下大豆离体胚再生植株保护系统的影响[J].山西农业大学学报,1996, 16 (3):222～225.
[84]郑青松,王仁雷,刘友良.钙对盐胁迫下棉苗离子吸收分配的影响[J].植物生理学报,2001,27 (4):325～330.
[85]汪良驹,刘友良,马凯.钙在无花果细胞盐诱导脯氨酸积累中的作用[J].植物生理学报,1999, 25(1):38～42.
[86]宋纯鹏,胡楠,董发才,等.盐胁迫条件下钙对小麦根细胞膜电位和钾离子吸收的影响[J]河南大学学报,2002, 32 (3) : 25～28.
[87]龚明,刘兴富.钙对玉米幼苗抗盐性的效应[J] .植物生理学通讯,1994,30 (6):429～432.
[88]冯文新,张宝红.钙处理对盐胁迫下大豆种子萌发及其生理生化指标的影响[J].大豆科学,1997, 16 (1) : 48～53.
[89]王宝山.Na+、K+、ABA对盐胁迫下大麦液泡膜ATPase活性的影响[J] .植物学报,1991, 17 (4) : 403～ 406.
[90]Binzel M.L. and Reuveni M.Cellular mechanisms of salt tolerance in plant cells[J].Hort. Rev, 1994, 16: 33～69.
[91]翟风林,曹鸣庆.植物的耐盐性及其改良[M].农业出版社,1989.
[92]刘祖祺,张石城.植物抗性生理学[M].中国农业出版社,1994.
[93]Cramer G. R. Lauchli A. and Polito V. S. DisPlaceanent of Ca2+ by Na+ from the plasmalemma of root cells[J]. Plant Physiol,1985, 79: 207～211.
[94]赵可夫,李法曾.中国盐生植物[M].科学出版社,1999.
[95]周卫,林葆.植物钙素营养机理研究进展[J].土壤学进展. 1995, 23(2): 12～16.
[96]章文华,刘友良.钙对大麦幼苗盐胁迫的缓解效应[J] .植物生理学通讯,1992, 28 ( 3):176.
[97]赵可夫.作物耐盐机理研究进展及提高作物抗盐性的对策[J].植物学通报,1997, 14(增刊):235～240.
[98]刘友良,毛才良,汪良驹.植物耐盐性研究进展[J] .植物生理学通讯,1987,(4):l～7.
[99]陈京,吴应言.钙对甘薯种苗盐胁迫的缓解效应[J].西南师范大学学报,1996, 21(1):78～83.
[100]陈少裕.膜质过氧化与植物逆境胁迫[J].植物生理学通讯,1989,6 (4):211～217.
[101]王海英,孙建设,王旭静,等.果树耐盐性研究进展[J].河北农业大学学报,2000, 23 (2):54～59.
[102]汤章城.逆境条件下植物脯氨酸的积累及其可能的意义[J].植物生理学通讯 1984, (1):15～18.
[103]黄健,唐学,玺付萌,等.盐胁迫对海滨香豌豆叶片三种物质含量的影响[J].青岛海洋大学学报,1997, 27 (4): 509～514.
[104]乔亚科,李桂兰,王文颇,等.野生、栽培大豆愈伤组织耐盐性与植株盐胁迫下丙二醛(MDA)含量的关系[J].大豆科学,2003, 22(2):127～131.
[105]史跃林,罗庆熙,刘佩英.Ca2+对盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗中 CaM、MDA 含量和质膜透性的影响[[J].植物生理学通讯,1995,31:347～349
[106]Hasegawa P, Bressan RA, Zhu JK. et al.Plant celluler and moleculer responses to high salinity[J]. Ann Rev Plant Mol Bio1,2000.51:463～499.
[107]王凤华,王贵学,赖钟雄,等. CaCl2 处理对茄子幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响[J].江西农业大学学报.2005,27(4):546～552.
[108]尚庆茂,宋士清,张志刚,等.水杨酸增强黄瓜幼苗耐盐性的生理机制[J].中国农业科学.2007,40(1):147～152.
[109]王红星,吴诗光,杨光宇.寒胁迫对小麦幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].周口师范高等等专科学校学报,2000, 17(2) :4～5.
[110]周贺芳,邹志荣,杨兴娟等.外源 Ca2+对盐胁迫下甜瓜植株的缓解效应[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(9):2543～2544,2546.
[111]王艳,杨晓杰. 水杨酸对大豆幼苗盐伤害的缓解效应[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(8):172～174.
[112]Eva2 Mari A. Mccaffery S, Anderson J M . Photoinhibition and DI Protein Degeradation in Peas Acclimated to Different Growth Irradiances[J].Plant Physiol,1993.103: 599～626.
[113]CASTELFRANCO P A, BEALE B I. Chlorophyll biosynthesis: recent advances and area of current lnterest[J].Annu .Rev. Plant Physiol.,1983, 34: 241～278.
[114]宋士清, 郭世荣. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸的生理作用及其在农业生产中的应用[J]. 河北科技师范学院学报,2004, 18(2) : 54～57.
[115]刘卫琴,康琅, 汪良驹. ALA 对草莓光合作用的影响及其与抗氧化酶的关系[J]. 西北植物学报2006,26(1):57～62.
[116]WANG L J,JIANG W B.Promotion of 5 ～ aminolevulinic acid on photosynthesis of melon (Cucumismelo)seeding under low light and childing stress conditions[J].Physiol.Plant. 2004,121: 258～264.
[117]康琅, 程云,汪良驹. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸对秋冬季大棚西瓜叶片光合作用及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 西北植物学报,2006,26(11):2297～2301.
[118]汪良驹,刘卫琴,孙国荣等. ALA 对萝卜不同叶位叶片光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].西北植物学报.2005, 25(3):488～496.
[119]邹琦.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.159~160.
[120]张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].高等教育出版社.2002
[121]高俊凤.植物生理学实验技术[M].世界图书出版社.2000.1
[122]Larc D A ,Tottempudi K P, Cecil R S .Changes in is cymes profiles of catalane peroxides and glutathione reduces during acclimation to chilling in mesocotyls of maize seeding[J].Plant physiology, 1995, 109;1247～1257.
[123]韦小丽,徐锡增,朱守谦.水分胁迫下愉科 3 种幼苗生理生化指标的变化[J].南京林业大学学报.2005 ,3.
[124]肖雯,贾恢先,蒲陆梅.几种盐生植物抗盐生理指标的研究[J].西北植物学报,2000, 20 (5):818～825.
[125]张润花,郭世荣,李娟.盐胁迫对黄瓜根系活力、叶绿素含量的影响.长江蔬菜.2006.02.47～49.
[126]翟凤林,曹鸣庆.植物的耐盐性及其改良.北京:农业出版社,1989.381.
[127]Stewert R C,Bew ley J D Lipid peroxidation associated with accelerated aging of soybean axes[J].PlantPhysiol,1980,65:245～248.
[128]Chance B, Maen1y A C. Assay of catalase and Peroxidase Colcrw ick SP, Kapalan No methods of enzymology, Vol II .New York: Academ ic Press, 1955. 764.
[129]NISHIHARA ,KONDOK,PARVEZMM.Role of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) on active oxygen- scavenging system in NaCl-treated spinach(Spinacia oleracea)[J],j.Plant Physiol.2003,160: 1085～1091.
[130]赵世杰,艾希珍,王绍辉,等. 叶黄素循环和光呼吸对生姜光抑制破坏的防御作用[J].西北农业学报,1999,8(3):81～85.
[131]WANG L J, JIANG W B, LIU H, et al. Promotion of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on germination of pakchoi ( Brassica chinese)seeds under Salt Stress,[J].Integrative Plant Biology, 2005, 47(9):( In press).
[132]杨劲松,陈德明,沈其荣.作物抗盐机制研究Ⅰ小麦水分保持与质膜渗透性[J].土壤学报,2002,39(4):524～528.
[133]魏爱丽,取岩,郭平毅.水杨酸对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗膜质过氧化作用的调控[J].信阳农业高等专科学校学报.2001,11(3):4～6.
[134]李焰焰,董召荣,聂传朋,等.盐胁迫下水杨酸及其衍生物对小黑麦幼苗生理特性生物影响[J].生物学杂志.2005,22(3):11～13.
[135]王晓娟,覃新程,荆艳彩,等,小麦根系过氧化氢的积累与耐盐性的关系[J].武汉植物学研究, 2002,20(4):293～298.
[136]刘晖,康琅,汪良驹.ALA 对盐胁迫下西瓜种子萌发的促进效应[J].果树学报,2006,23(6): 854～859.
[137]刘国花.盐胁迫对豌豆幼苗生理指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2007,46(3):366～368.
[138]郭文忠,刘生锋,李丁仁,等.硝酸盐和氯化钙不同浓度对番茄幼苗光合生理特性的影响[J].农艺科学.2003,1(5):282～311.
[139]章文华,陈沁,刘友良.NaCl 胁迫下大麦根液泡膜流动性与 H+-ATPase 活动的关系[J].植物学报.2002,44(3):292～296.
[140]Lahaye P A, Epstein E. Salt Tole ration By plant:Enhancement with caliam[J].Science,1969,(166): 395～407.
[141]汪贵斌,曹福良。盐胁迫对落羽杉生理及生长的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报,2003,27(3);11～14.
[142]郭房庆,周建明,汤章城. NaCl 胁迫下小麦突变体和野生型叶片中一些有机溶质和基因表达差异[J].植物生理学报,1999,25(3):263～268.
[143]毛桂莲,郑国琦,章英才,等.不同钙盐对 NaCl 胁迫下枸杞愈伤组织耐盐性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究。2007,25(1):131～134.
[144]周贺芳,邹志荣,孟长军,等. 外源 ALA ,CaCl2 和水杨酸对盐胁迫下甜瓜幼苗一些生理特性的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究.2007,25(4):212～215.
[145]李晓燕,宋占午,董志贤.植物的盐胁迫生理[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004,40 (3):106～111.