黑龙江省公水联运业务模式研究
摘要
本文总结了国内外多式联运现状,分析了黑龙江省目前的交通基础建设与运输状况,指出黑龙江省内公路交错,内河众多,适合于发展公水联运业务。同时,发展公水联运业务也可以促进黑龙江省运输业和物流业的发展。为加快黑龙江省经济发展,在“十一五”期间,统筹规划、合理布局交通基础设施,做好各种运输方式相互衔接,发挥组合效率和整体优势,建设便捷、通畅、高效、安全的综合运输体系,本文提出了适合于黑龙江省的公水联运业务模式。
本文利用面向对象的统一建模语言UML(Unified Modeling Language)作为建模工具,针对公水联运系统的特点进行分析,建立了公水联运系统的用例图、对象类图和活动图。再用Petri网进行动态建模,利用Petri网特性,对公水联运业务流程进行了结构分析验证,并基于周期时间参数,采用仿真方法验证模型性能。得出公水联运方式与传统的运输方式相比,具有运输周期时间短、效率高、服务好的优点。
The incoming rapid development of economy in Northeast China brought about by the recent national policy of“recovering the economy of northeast industrial base”has made it urgent to improve the transport system in Heilongjiang province. In the complexion of limited build time and fund, lay out with reason and build the multi-model transportation which is high efficiency and low cost is the first choose of settle the Heilongjiang’s transportation problem.
By the increasing of the trade quantity and the development of economy, a series of problems, such as the descend of service quality and non-content of request to client, will be happened if we continue to adopt the traditional transportation. The discontinuity of subsection transportation will bring on the incoherence of transportation message and cargo resorting. So changing the old transport fashion, adopting road-river Multi-model transportation will reform the actuality of transportation greatly, depressing the logistics overall cost of society, producing obvious economic and social benefit.
In this paper, we introduced the actuality and development of modern logistic, as well as Multi-model transportation in home and outside market. The paper expatiated the connection of international Multi-model transportation. The paper pointed out that international Multi-model transportation is the organic composing of modern logistic, is the basic of modern logistic. The international Multi-model transportation brings the basic action into play in electron commerce. The paper gave the countermeasure of how international Multi-model adapts the development of modern logistic, and indexed that our Multi-model operator needs to advert the problem when operating the logistic operation.
Aimed at the basic establishment actuality of Heilongjiang road-river Multi-model transportation channels, the paper indexed that we have to develop Heilongjiang road-river Multi-model transportation in two aspects which were hardware and software. The paper combined the domestic and overseas Multi-model transportation actuality; bring forward the approach of how to accelerate the development of Heilongjiang Multi-model transportation in three aspects of policy, market and science.
In this paper, we analyzed the course of road-river Multi-model transportation, used the UML as modeling tool, analyzed the characteristic of road-river Multi-model system, established the road-river Multi-model system’s use case diagram and static diagram, including object diagram and activity diagram. We used Petri-net to establish dynamic model, analyzed and validated the structure of model using the characteristic of Petri-net. I validated the capability of model based on the cycle time parameter.
The emphasis of this paper was to study how to use the UML which faced to object, to establish the model of road and river Multi-model transportation system. In this paper, we introduced the UML briefly. We would use five diagrams to define the important content of the UML, which were use case diagram, realize diagram, action diagram, mutual diagram and static state diagram. And then, we gave the strongpoint and shortcoming of the UML, including application area. Our emphasis was to establish the use case model and the object class model to the road and river Multi-model system. We described the associate between each behavior, behavior and system particularly. And, we used the subdivision of use case diagram, made the behavior’s work bound clearly. We established static state model of road and river Multi-model transportation and made the relation of subsection in the whole process of Multi-model transportation clearly,. And we also established the active diagram make the course of road and river Multi-model transportation more clearly.
Single modeling can not accomplish the entirely task, including modeling, analysis and validating, very well because of the peculiarity of itself and the localization of exist. In order to overcome the problem of dynamic description of the UML, we introduced concept of Petri-net, recur to the analytical method and technique of Petri-net, not only in the analysis of static state configuration, more importantly, but also in the dynamic analysis. In the complex modeling, static state of road and river Multi-model system’s basic unit was also object, primary analytical method of face to object fixedness. Just when we described the action of operation flow, we used the Petri-net.
At last, we established the emulator for the operation flow of road and river Multi-model transportation, and contrasted to the result of tradition transportation. We can see that the road and river Multi-model transportation optimized the old flow, not only shorten the cycle time of flow, heighten the efficiency of transportation, but also heighten the quality of service.
本文利用面向对象的统一建模语言UML(Unified Modeling Language)作为建模工具,针对公水联运系统的特点进行分析,建立了公水联运系统的用例图、对象类图和活动图。再用Petri网进行动态建模,利用Petri网特性,对公水联运业务流程进行了结构分析验证,并基于周期时间参数,采用仿真方法验证模型性能。得出公水联运方式与传统的运输方式相比,具有运输周期时间短、效率高、服务好的优点。
The incoming rapid development of economy in Northeast China brought about by the recent national policy of“recovering the economy of northeast industrial base”has made it urgent to improve the transport system in Heilongjiang province. In the complexion of limited build time and fund, lay out with reason and build the multi-model transportation which is high efficiency and low cost is the first choose of settle the Heilongjiang’s transportation problem.
By the increasing of the trade quantity and the development of economy, a series of problems, such as the descend of service quality and non-content of request to client, will be happened if we continue to adopt the traditional transportation. The discontinuity of subsection transportation will bring on the incoherence of transportation message and cargo resorting. So changing the old transport fashion, adopting road-river Multi-model transportation will reform the actuality of transportation greatly, depressing the logistics overall cost of society, producing obvious economic and social benefit.
In this paper, we introduced the actuality and development of modern logistic, as well as Multi-model transportation in home and outside market. The paper expatiated the connection of international Multi-model transportation. The paper pointed out that international Multi-model transportation is the organic composing of modern logistic, is the basic of modern logistic. The international Multi-model transportation brings the basic action into play in electron commerce. The paper gave the countermeasure of how international Multi-model adapts the development of modern logistic, and indexed that our Multi-model operator needs to advert the problem when operating the logistic operation.
Aimed at the basic establishment actuality of Heilongjiang road-river Multi-model transportation channels, the paper indexed that we have to develop Heilongjiang road-river Multi-model transportation in two aspects which were hardware and software. The paper combined the domestic and overseas Multi-model transportation actuality; bring forward the approach of how to accelerate the development of Heilongjiang Multi-model transportation in three aspects of policy, market and science.
In this paper, we analyzed the course of road-river Multi-model transportation, used the UML as modeling tool, analyzed the characteristic of road-river Multi-model system, established the road-river Multi-model system’s use case diagram and static diagram, including object diagram and activity diagram. We used Petri-net to establish dynamic model, analyzed and validated the structure of model using the characteristic of Petri-net. I validated the capability of model based on the cycle time parameter.
The emphasis of this paper was to study how to use the UML which faced to object, to establish the model of road and river Multi-model transportation system. In this paper, we introduced the UML briefly. We would use five diagrams to define the important content of the UML, which were use case diagram, realize diagram, action diagram, mutual diagram and static state diagram. And then, we gave the strongpoint and shortcoming of the UML, including application area. Our emphasis was to establish the use case model and the object class model to the road and river Multi-model system. We described the associate between each behavior, behavior and system particularly. And, we used the subdivision of use case diagram, made the behavior’s work bound clearly. We established static state model of road and river Multi-model transportation and made the relation of subsection in the whole process of Multi-model transportation clearly,. And we also established the active diagram make the course of road and river Multi-model transportation more clearly.
Single modeling can not accomplish the entirely task, including modeling, analysis and validating, very well because of the peculiarity of itself and the localization of exist. In order to overcome the problem of dynamic description of the UML, we introduced concept of Petri-net, recur to the analytical method and technique of Petri-net, not only in the analysis of static state configuration, more importantly, but also in the dynamic analysis. In the complex modeling, static state of road and river Multi-model system’s basic unit was also object, primary analytical method of face to object fixedness. Just when we described the action of operation flow, we used the Petri-net.
At last, we established the emulator for the operation flow of road and river Multi-model transportation, and contrasted to the result of tradition transportation. We can see that the road and river Multi-model transportation optimized the old flow, not only shorten the cycle time of flow, heighten the efficiency of transportation, but also heighten the quality of service.
引文
[1] 王力强,吴冰冰,曹贵允,杨猛,朱威,王一宁,郭洪江,李显生.黑龙江省公路、水路联运实施战略及其发展技术研究.黑龙江省交通厅重点科技项目《申请书》.2006 年 9 月.
[2] 王德占,耿雪霏,何世伟.关于德国现代物流业发展理论与若干问题的研究. 物流技术.2006 年,第 1 期.93-96.
[3] 2006 年中国集装箱运输行业分析及投资咨询报告(上下卷).中国投资咨询网.2006 年 5 月.http://www.ocn.com.cn/reports/2006155jizhuangxiang.htm
[4] 程铁.现代物流与国际多式联运之关联研究.天津航海.2005 年,第 2期.26-28.
[5] 刘永辉.国际多式联运研究与实践.大连:大连海事大学.2003 年 3月.35-36.
[6] 张炳达.国际货运代理实务. 上海:立信会计出版社,2006.
[7] 戴春胜,张明,魏延久.关于黑龙江省水资源配置总体布局问题的思考.黑龙江水利科技.2006 年,第 2 期,第 34 卷.15-18.
[8] 孔庆华,李永生,付宏博. 黑龙江省公路应急指挥系统的研究与设计. 森林工程.2006 年 11 月,第 6 期,第 22 卷.20-22.
[9] 黑龙江与俄罗斯相邻地区将加快交通基础设施建设.中国项目总网. http://www.xiangmu.org/project/project_detail.asp?id=319623
[10] 高媛丽.东北地区集装箱多式联运通道发展分析.大连海事大学.2004 年 8月 24 日.15-16.
[11] 黑龙江投资服务网. http://www.hl-isc.org.cn/Publish/375.jsp?LM_TYPE9=nav_bg3.gif
[12] 黑龙江投资服务网. http://www.hl-isc.org.cn/Publish/34.jsp?LM_TYPE8=nav_bg3.gif
[13] 朱雪松.关于加快黑龙江省国际运输发展的几点建议. 黑龙江交通科技. 2006 年,第 7 期.98-100.
[14] 周秋红.BOT 在黑龙江省公路建设中推广应用的探讨. 黑龙江交通科技. 2006 年,第 5 期.105-107.
[15] 李双,任廷强,李枫. 铁路参与国际集装箱多式联运的问题及其对策. 上海铁道大学学报.1999 年,第 5 期:98-100.
[16] 张东柏.促进黑龙江省交通物流业发展的途径.黑龙江交通科技.2006 年,第 6 期.99-100.
[17] 徐敏,苏建元.OOPN 和 PNOO 建模技术研究.电脑与信息技术.2005 年,第5 期,第 13 卷.5-7,59.
[18] 王云,周伯生.标准建模语言 UML 简介.计算机应用研究.1999 年,第 12期.44-49.
[19] 徐敏.基于 UML 和 Petri 网技术的负荷管理系统.南京:河海大学,2006年 3 月,27-28.
[20] 文烨斌,姚国祥,许龙飞.UML2.0 的新特性以及在选课系统中的应用.佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版).2005 年 4 月,第 2 期,第 23 卷.212-216.
[21] 初朋朋,张钢,王庆节.用UML建立工作流管理系统的模型.微处理机.2003年 10 月,第 5 期.39-42.
[22] 刁成嘉.面向对象技术导轮-系统分析与设计.北京:机械工业出版社.2004.
[23] 张卫山,巫家敏,严新民.基于 UML 的管理信息系统的开发.计算机工程.1999 年 12 月,第 12 期,第 25 卷.94-107.
[24] Mark Priestley. practical object-oriented Design with UML. New York: PR ENTICEHALL, 2001.
[25] 李晓英.基于 UML 的学生管理系统设计.五邑大学学报.2005 年 12 月,第4 期,第 19 卷.64-66.
[26] 冯冲,王翠茹.统一建模语言 UML 的 MIS 应用.中国电力.2000 年 8 月,第8 期,第 33 卷.71-74.
[27] 黄贤英.UML 建模过程及在需求分析中的应用.计算机工程.2001 年 11 月,第 11 期,第 27 卷.184-186.
[28] 张唏.UML 中的用例建模. 广东自动化与信息工程.2000 年,第 4期.29-31.
[29] 钱小小.基于 pel4ws 的多式联运业务流程集成研究.长春:吉林大学.2006.
[30] 袁崇义.Petri 网原理.北京:电子工业出版社.1998.
[31] 徐树维,任小金. 基本 Petri 网:模型、特性和分析方法. 焦作工学院学报(自然科学版).2003 年 9 月,第 5 期,第 22 卷.402-405.
[32] 邵秀丽,李玉福.基于 Petri 网的集成系统工作流建模的研究.南开大学学报(自然科学版).2005 年 12 月,第 6 期,第 38 卷.53-59.
[33] Vander A alst. W M P. The application of Petri nets to workflow management [J]. The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 1998, 8(1):21-66.
[34] Fan Yu—Shun.The Fundamental Technology of Workflow Management. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2001(in Chinese).
[35] Salimifard K.Wright M. Petri net-based modeling of workflow system: an overview. Europe Journal of operational research, November 2001.
[36] J.L. Petri Net Theory and Modeling of systems [J]. PrenticeHall , 1981.
[37] 林闯.随机 Petri 网和系统性能评价.北京:清华大学出版社.2005.
[38] 王建民,闻立杰等译.工作流管理-模型方法和系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[39] Management & ICT Consultants. ExSpect User Manual. http://www.exspect.com/ex641usermanual.pdf
[40] 荣朝和,田中直毅.未来交通国际论坛. 2005 年 9 月. http://www.fci – forum.com .
[41] 周宁.发展我国多式联运业的思考.广东农工商职业技术学院学报.2006年6 月,第 2 期,第 22 卷.24-27.
[2] 王德占,耿雪霏,何世伟.关于德国现代物流业发展理论与若干问题的研究. 物流技术.2006 年,第 1 期.93-96.
[3] 2006 年中国集装箱运输行业分析及投资咨询报告(上下卷).中国投资咨询网.2006 年 5 月.http://www.ocn.com.cn/reports/2006155jizhuangxiang.htm
[4] 程铁.现代物流与国际多式联运之关联研究.天津航海.2005 年,第 2期.26-28.
[5] 刘永辉.国际多式联运研究与实践.大连:大连海事大学.2003 年 3月.35-36.
[6] 张炳达.国际货运代理实务. 上海:立信会计出版社,2006.
[7] 戴春胜,张明,魏延久.关于黑龙江省水资源配置总体布局问题的思考.黑龙江水利科技.2006 年,第 2 期,第 34 卷.15-18.
[8] 孔庆华,李永生,付宏博. 黑龙江省公路应急指挥系统的研究与设计. 森林工程.2006 年 11 月,第 6 期,第 22 卷.20-22.
[9] 黑龙江与俄罗斯相邻地区将加快交通基础设施建设.中国项目总网. http://www.xiangmu.org/project/project_detail.asp?id=319623
[10] 高媛丽.东北地区集装箱多式联运通道发展分析.大连海事大学.2004 年 8月 24 日.15-16.
[11] 黑龙江投资服务网. http://www.hl-isc.org.cn/Publish/375.jsp?LM_TYPE9=nav_bg3.gif
[12] 黑龙江投资服务网. http://www.hl-isc.org.cn/Publish/34.jsp?LM_TYPE8=nav_bg3.gif
[13] 朱雪松.关于加快黑龙江省国际运输发展的几点建议. 黑龙江交通科技. 2006 年,第 7 期.98-100.
[14] 周秋红.BOT 在黑龙江省公路建设中推广应用的探讨. 黑龙江交通科技. 2006 年,第 5 期.105-107.
[15] 李双,任廷强,李枫. 铁路参与国际集装箱多式联运的问题及其对策. 上海铁道大学学报.1999 年,第 5 期:98-100.
[16] 张东柏.促进黑龙江省交通物流业发展的途径.黑龙江交通科技.2006 年,第 6 期.99-100.
[17] 徐敏,苏建元.OOPN 和 PNOO 建模技术研究.电脑与信息技术.2005 年,第5 期,第 13 卷.5-7,59.
[18] 王云,周伯生.标准建模语言 UML 简介.计算机应用研究.1999 年,第 12期.44-49.
[19] 徐敏.基于 UML 和 Petri 网技术的负荷管理系统.南京:河海大学,2006年 3 月,27-28.
[20] 文烨斌,姚国祥,许龙飞.UML2.0 的新特性以及在选课系统中的应用.佳木斯大学学报(自然科学版).2005 年 4 月,第 2 期,第 23 卷.212-216.
[21] 初朋朋,张钢,王庆节.用UML建立工作流管理系统的模型.微处理机.2003年 10 月,第 5 期.39-42.
[22] 刁成嘉.面向对象技术导轮-系统分析与设计.北京:机械工业出版社.2004.
[23] 张卫山,巫家敏,严新民.基于 UML 的管理信息系统的开发.计算机工程.1999 年 12 月,第 12 期,第 25 卷.94-107.
[24] Mark Priestley. practical object-oriented Design with UML. New York: PR ENTICEHALL, 2001.
[25] 李晓英.基于 UML 的学生管理系统设计.五邑大学学报.2005 年 12 月,第4 期,第 19 卷.64-66.
[26] 冯冲,王翠茹.统一建模语言 UML 的 MIS 应用.中国电力.2000 年 8 月,第8 期,第 33 卷.71-74.
[27] 黄贤英.UML 建模过程及在需求分析中的应用.计算机工程.2001 年 11 月,第 11 期,第 27 卷.184-186.
[28] 张唏.UML 中的用例建模. 广东自动化与信息工程.2000 年,第 4期.29-31.
[29] 钱小小.基于 pel4ws 的多式联运业务流程集成研究.长春:吉林大学.2006.
[30] 袁崇义.Petri 网原理.北京:电子工业出版社.1998.
[31] 徐树维,任小金. 基本 Petri 网:模型、特性和分析方法. 焦作工学院学报(自然科学版).2003 年 9 月,第 5 期,第 22 卷.402-405.
[32] 邵秀丽,李玉福.基于 Petri 网的集成系统工作流建模的研究.南开大学学报(自然科学版).2005 年 12 月,第 6 期,第 38 卷.53-59.
[33] Vander A alst. W M P. The application of Petri nets to workflow management [J]. The Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, 1998, 8(1):21-66.
[34] Fan Yu—Shun.The Fundamental Technology of Workflow Management. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2001(in Chinese).
[35] Salimifard K.Wright M. Petri net-based modeling of workflow system: an overview. Europe Journal of operational research, November 2001.
[36] J.L. Petri Net Theory and Modeling of systems [J]. PrenticeHall , 1981.
[37] 林闯.随机 Petri 网和系统性能评价.北京:清华大学出版社.2005.
[38] 王建民,闻立杰等译.工作流管理-模型方法和系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[39] Management & ICT Consultants. ExSpect User Manual. http://www.exspect.com/ex641usermanual.pdf
[40] 荣朝和,田中直毅.未来交通国际论坛. 2005 年 9 月. http://www.fci – forum.com .
[41] 周宁.发展我国多式联运业的思考.广东农工商职业技术学院学报.2006年6 月,第 2 期,第 22 卷.24-27.