关系型贷款和中小企业融资
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摘要
中小企业融资难已经成为制约我国中小企业发展的主要因素之一。而中小企业融资对银行贷款有很大的依赖性。国外大量研究表明,关系型贷款作为一种贷款技术,可以减少信息不对称问题,降低交易成本,从而有助于银企之间良好关系的建立,最终可以有效缓解中小企业的融资困境。
第一章导论。从中小企业的地位、作用、中小企业融资现状以及当前宏观背景等几方面来论述研究中小企业融资问题的现实意义与理论意义,从而确定关系型贷款的选题价值。
第二章文献综述。从关系型融资的定义,“软信息”与关系型贷款的关系,中小企业融资与关系型贷款的关系,银行规模与关系型贷款这四方面对已有的文献进行回顾综述,充分阐述已有的研究成果,并提出本文的研究重点:以“小银行优势”理论为基础,利用中国有关数据从实证方面来验证小银行在基于关系的“软信息”生产方面具有优势,从而说明它对中小企业融资的重要作用。
第三章对关系型贷款在中小企业融资中的优势进行分析。首先从中小企业对银行贷款的依赖性,交易型贷款与关系型贷款的比较,以及关系型贷款的收益与成本分析三方面来对关系型贷款的优势进行分析;其次从银行组织结构和信息成本与代理成本的角度,对关系型贷款在大小银行之间运用的适用性进行分析;最终从理论角度证明小银行在“软信息”生产方面有比较优势,凭借“软信息”小银行开展关系型贷款对缓解中小企业融资困境比较有效。
第四章关系型贷款的实证分析。进一步论证“软信息”对中小企业融资的重要作用,强调关系型贷款在破解中小企业融资难问题上的优势所在。
第五章对我国实施关系型贷款进行了探讨,从银行业机构与制度创新、中小企业自身新突破、政府支持中小企业融资计划的具体安排三方面提出了关于我国中小企业融资问题的政策建议。
The difficulty of SME financing has become one of the main factors to constrain its development. Thus, SME’s financing has a great dependence on bank loans. Large number of foreign practice has proved that, as a way of lending, relationship lending can reduce the problem of asymmetric information, reduce transaction costs, and thus making a good contribution to the relationship between banks and SMEs, which can alleviate the financing difficulties of SMEs effectively.
Chapter One: Introduction. From the aspects of SME’s industrial status, current situation of SME financing,and macroeconomic background to analyze the practical and theoretical significance of SME financing,which also describes the value of this ethsis.
Chapter Two: Literature Review. In this chapter, the author reviewed the related literature mainly from four parts, they are the definition of relationship financing, the relationship between soft information and relationship lending, the relationship between SME financing and relationship lending, as well as the relationship between the bank’s scale and SME’s relationship lending. Having fully described the results of others’research, the author also proposed the ethsis’s research results. Based on“Small Banks Superiority”theory, the ethsis through taking advantage of the related datum to verify that small banks have superiorities due to“soft information”production. At last, the ethsis further noted the importance of small banks for SMEs’financing.
Chapter Three:The analysis on advantages of relationship lending for the financing of SMEs. Firstly, from SME’s dependence on bank loans, the comparison between trade loans and relationship loans, and the revenue and cost analysis of relationship lending three aspects, the paper illustrated the advantages of relationship lending. Secondly, from bank’s organizational structure, information costs and agency costs, this ethsis analyzed usage value of relationship lending between small banks and large banks. Ultimately, the author proved from theoretical point of view that small banks had comparative advantages in the“soft information”production. And by virtue of“soft information”, small banks do the relationship lending business can ease the problem of SMEs’financing more effectively.
The Fourth Chapter: The empirical analysis of relationship lending. In this part, the author has further demonstrated the important role of“soft information”to SME financing. And stressed the advantages of relationship lending on solving the financing difficulties of SMEs.
Chapter Five: The discussion on china’s relationship lending. From the aspects of bank’s institutions innovation and system innovation, SMEs’development, and the government supports in specific arrangements to make some policy recommendations to china’s SME financing.
第一章导论。从中小企业的地位、作用、中小企业融资现状以及当前宏观背景等几方面来论述研究中小企业融资问题的现实意义与理论意义,从而确定关系型贷款的选题价值。
第二章文献综述。从关系型融资的定义,“软信息”与关系型贷款的关系,中小企业融资与关系型贷款的关系,银行规模与关系型贷款这四方面对已有的文献进行回顾综述,充分阐述已有的研究成果,并提出本文的研究重点:以“小银行优势”理论为基础,利用中国有关数据从实证方面来验证小银行在基于关系的“软信息”生产方面具有优势,从而说明它对中小企业融资的重要作用。
第三章对关系型贷款在中小企业融资中的优势进行分析。首先从中小企业对银行贷款的依赖性,交易型贷款与关系型贷款的比较,以及关系型贷款的收益与成本分析三方面来对关系型贷款的优势进行分析;其次从银行组织结构和信息成本与代理成本的角度,对关系型贷款在大小银行之间运用的适用性进行分析;最终从理论角度证明小银行在“软信息”生产方面有比较优势,凭借“软信息”小银行开展关系型贷款对缓解中小企业融资困境比较有效。
第四章关系型贷款的实证分析。进一步论证“软信息”对中小企业融资的重要作用,强调关系型贷款在破解中小企业融资难问题上的优势所在。
第五章对我国实施关系型贷款进行了探讨,从银行业机构与制度创新、中小企业自身新突破、政府支持中小企业融资计划的具体安排三方面提出了关于我国中小企业融资问题的政策建议。
The difficulty of SME financing has become one of the main factors to constrain its development. Thus, SME’s financing has a great dependence on bank loans. Large number of foreign practice has proved that, as a way of lending, relationship lending can reduce the problem of asymmetric information, reduce transaction costs, and thus making a good contribution to the relationship between banks and SMEs, which can alleviate the financing difficulties of SMEs effectively.
Chapter One: Introduction. From the aspects of SME’s industrial status, current situation of SME financing,and macroeconomic background to analyze the practical and theoretical significance of SME financing,which also describes the value of this ethsis.
Chapter Two: Literature Review. In this chapter, the author reviewed the related literature mainly from four parts, they are the definition of relationship financing, the relationship between soft information and relationship lending, the relationship between SME financing and relationship lending, as well as the relationship between the bank’s scale and SME’s relationship lending. Having fully described the results of others’research, the author also proposed the ethsis’s research results. Based on“Small Banks Superiority”theory, the ethsis through taking advantage of the related datum to verify that small banks have superiorities due to“soft information”production. At last, the ethsis further noted the importance of small banks for SMEs’financing.
Chapter Three:The analysis on advantages of relationship lending for the financing of SMEs. Firstly, from SME’s dependence on bank loans, the comparison between trade loans and relationship loans, and the revenue and cost analysis of relationship lending three aspects, the paper illustrated the advantages of relationship lending. Secondly, from bank’s organizational structure, information costs and agency costs, this ethsis analyzed usage value of relationship lending between small banks and large banks. Ultimately, the author proved from theoretical point of view that small banks had comparative advantages in the“soft information”production. And by virtue of“soft information”, small banks do the relationship lending business can ease the problem of SMEs’financing more effectively.
The Fourth Chapter: The empirical analysis of relationship lending. In this part, the author has further demonstrated the important role of“soft information”to SME financing. And stressed the advantages of relationship lending on solving the financing difficulties of SMEs.
Chapter Five: The discussion on china’s relationship lending. From the aspects of bank’s institutions innovation and system innovation, SMEs’development, and the government supports in specific arrangements to make some policy recommendations to china’s SME financing.
引文
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[31]周海燕,朱怀意,罗钢. 小银行优势假说及其对我国的启示[J]. 太原理工大学学报(社科版) 2005(3)
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[2]王小鲁,樊纲主编. 中国经济增长的可持续性[M]. 北京:经济科学出版社,2000
[3]张捷. 结构转换期的中小企业金融研究[M]. 北京:经济科学出版社,2003
[4]中国社会科学院民营企业竞争力研究课题组. 中国民营企业竞争力报告[M]. 北京:社会科学文献出版社,2004
[5]付明明. 关系型融资效率研究[D]. 浙江大学, 2005
[6]童牧. 关系型融资研究[D]. 复旦大学,2004
[7]王剑. 关系型借贷、信息不对称与中小企业融资[D].中国人民大学, 2006
[8]曹敏,何佳,潘启良. 金融中介及关系银行[J]. 经济研究,2003(3)
[9]储敏伟,王晓雅. 小银行优势:基于成本节省的整合研究[J]. 当代财经2004(5)
[10]崔向阳,赵卫兵. 关系借贷的实证分析—基于上市公司数据的研究[J]. 浙江社会科学2004(5)
[11]郭斌,刘曼路. 民间金融与中小企业发展:对温州的实证分析[J]. 经济研究 2002(10)
[12]郭田勇,李贤文. 关系借贷与中小企业融资的实证分析[J]. 金融论坛 2006(4)
[13]韩光道. 中小企业贷款难和国有商业银行难放贷的症结分析[J]. 金融论坛 2005(5)
[14]胡竹枝,冯中朝. 银行与中小企业融资关系比较与选择[J]. 财经研究 2003(6)
[15]蒋志芬,高桂珍. 信息不对称条件下中小企业融资问题剖析[J].南京审计学院学报2005(5)
[16]李志赟. 银行结构与中小企业融资[J]. 经济研究 2002(6)
[17]李芝倩,杨德才. 关系型借贷理论的新进展[J]. 经济理论与经济管理 2005(5)
[18]李杨,杨思群. 银行与中小企业融资问题研究[J]. 上海金融 2001(10)
[19]梁冰. 我国中小企业发展及融资状况调查报告[J]. 金融研究,2005(5)
[20]林毅夫,李永军. 中小金融机构发展与中小企业融资[J]. 经济研究 2001(1)
[21]林毅夫,孙希芳. 信息、非正规金融与中小企业融资[J].经济研究,2005(7)
[22]全丽萍. 非对称信息下中小企业融资问题研究[J]. 管理世界 2002(6)
[23]王霄,张 捷. 银行信贷配给与中小企业贷款[J]. 经济研究 2003(7)
[24]王召. 我国中小企业融资难问题解析与对策[J]. 经济学动态,2005(2)
[25]杨雯. 产业集群与中小企业融资优势分析[J]. 甘肃理论学刊,2007(1).
[26]张杰. 民营经济的融资困境与融资次序[J]. 经济研究 2000(4)
[27]张捷. 中小企业的关系型借贷与银行组织结构[J]. 经济研究 2002(6)
[28]张杰青. 关系借贷与中小企业融资[J]. 华东经济管理,2002(6)
[29]钟田丽,高源. 中小企业发展关系型借贷的基础条件分析[J]. 东北大学学报 2006(3)
[30]周好文,李辉.中小企业的关系型融资:实证研究及理论释义[J]. 南开管理评论 2005(8)
[31]周海燕,朱怀意,罗钢. 小银行优势假说及其对我国的启示[J]. 太原理工大学学报(社科版) 2005(3)
[32]Berger, A. N. ,and Gregory F. Udell,1995, “Relationship lending and lines of credit in small firm finance”, Journal of business,vol68,No.3.
[33]Berger, A. N., Anthony Saunders, Joseph M. Scalise. & Gregory F. Udell, 1998, “The Effects of Bank Mergers and Acquisitions on Small Business Lending”, Journal of Financial Economics, 50(2), 187–229.
[34]Berger, A.N., and Gregory F. Udell, 2002, “Small business credit availability and relationship lending: The importance of bank organizational structure”, Economic Journal, vol.447, Iss.112, pp.32-54.
[35]Berger, A.N., Bonime, S., Goldberg, L.G. & White, L.J., 2004, “The dynamics of market entry: The effects of mergers and acquisitions on entry in the banking industry”, Journal of Business, vol.77,797-834.
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