基于三层C/S结构的医院信息系统的研究与实现
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摘要
随着信息技术的不断发展和人们对医疗保健水平要求的不断提高,医院信息化建设已迫在眉睫。目前许多大中型医院的信息系统的建立已经颇具规模,业务功能也不断完善,但中小型医院的信息化进程发展缓慢。资金不足严重制约了中小型医院的信息化建设。加之中小型医院的业务灵活,经常需要根据实际情况进行调整。因此,信息系统的建立必须具有很高的可扩展性。
本课题正是为了解决中小型医院在建立信息系统中存在着开发、维护成本高,需要很高的扩展性和极高的安全可靠性等问题而提出的。本医院信息系统是基于COM+组件的三层C/S模式结构体系实现的。将业务逻辑放在应用层,独立于客户端和数据库,提高代码重用性。同时为了实现应用层较强的扩展能力,创造性的将业务逻辑划分为多种企业对象,并用COM+组件进行封装。
论文首先阐述了医院信息系统的相关基本概念,指出了研究的背景、研究的内容和意义。接着介绍了开发医院信息系统所需使用的语言开发环境、前台开发工具和后台开发工具。再结合医院信息系统的实际特点和要求,分析了基于三层分布式C/S结构的医院信息系统应具有的功能和设计原则,并在此基础上研究了医院信息系统的总体框架。
然后在系统设计中,先介绍了系统数据库的设计,包括它的概念结构以及逻辑结构。再介绍了应用层的应用程序服务器的设计,该应用程序服务器包括三部分:模型的研究、逻辑关系划分以及环境的构建,采用组件方法,建立了多种企业对象模型。并在最后对系统的安全性能进行了研究。
三层分布式C/S结构医院信息系统研究的关键是应用程序服务器的设计。论文采用了独具特色的多层分布式应用程序组件(Multi-tier Distributed ApplicationServices Suite,MIDAS)与COM+组件相结合的方法,实现了应用程序服务器的建立。因为采用MIDAS组件可以使系统在COM+应用程序开发时其复杂性大幅降低,同时其生产能力也得到了大幅度提高。
最后,论文以门诊收费子系统和门诊药房子系统为实例介绍了基于COM+的三层分布式C/S结构医院信息系统的实现。
本医院信息系统采用清晰的层次划分和相对独立的模块化实现方式,因此,具有良好的可扩展性,开发、维护成本低,适用性强等优点。
系统在投入运行后使用效果良好,大大降低了医院工作人员的劳动强度、提高了工作效率,同时也规范了医院工作的程序。
As the development of information technology and more and more requirement for medical care, hospital informationization became a matter of great urgency. Currently, in many large and medium-sized hospitals, Hospital Information Systems had been built and improved. On the other hand, small and medium-size hospitals were behindhand on this area. Lack of financing was the main cause of this kind of hospitals. In addition, business of these hospitals changed frequently. It was a necessary for them to adjust to the business, so it was a need for the high extensibility of the system.
The purposes of this project were to meet the requirements of these small and medium-size hospitals. That was decreasing the development and maintaining cost and enhancing the extensibility. The HIS was functioned by using the C/S frame of tri-tier based on COM+ component. Business logic was stored separately on the application tier not Client or Database to realize code reusability. Meanwhile, in order to enhance the extensibility of the application tier, various Enterprise Objects were divided and packed with COM+ components.
Firstly, in this paper, some basic concepts about HIS were expounded, as well as the background, the contents and the significance of this research. Next, the development environment, development tools of foreground and background were introduced. Considering the feature and actual requirement, the common function and design principle of this HIS were proposed, followed by the main frame of HIS.
Secondly, in the part of system design, Database designs were firstly introduced, including its concept and logical structure. Secondly, the design of Application Server is explained. Three processes of this Application Server included research of module, compartmentalization of logic relation, and conformation of environment. Various Enterprise Objects were established based on method of component. And system security was discussed in the end.
Application Server was the key issue of the development of HIS with tri-tier C/S frame. In this paper, a special technology, combination of MIDAS and COM+, was applied to realize Application Server. When MIDAS was used, complexity of development for the application system was reduced and efficiency was improved. The realization of components using MIDAS and COM+ was explained in detail in the paper.
Finally, the realization of HIS with the C/S frame of tri-tier based on COM+ component was introduced in instance of Clinic charge subsystem and Clinic dispensary subsystem.
Clear levels and independence modularization made HIS easy to extend, maintenance and applicability.
This system was in stable operation and good function, which made the efficiency greatly raised and the intensity of labor decreased, at the same time standardized the process of hospital work.
本课题正是为了解决中小型医院在建立信息系统中存在着开发、维护成本高,需要很高的扩展性和极高的安全可靠性等问题而提出的。本医院信息系统是基于COM+组件的三层C/S模式结构体系实现的。将业务逻辑放在应用层,独立于客户端和数据库,提高代码重用性。同时为了实现应用层较强的扩展能力,创造性的将业务逻辑划分为多种企业对象,并用COM+组件进行封装。
论文首先阐述了医院信息系统的相关基本概念,指出了研究的背景、研究的内容和意义。接着介绍了开发医院信息系统所需使用的语言开发环境、前台开发工具和后台开发工具。再结合医院信息系统的实际特点和要求,分析了基于三层分布式C/S结构的医院信息系统应具有的功能和设计原则,并在此基础上研究了医院信息系统的总体框架。
然后在系统设计中,先介绍了系统数据库的设计,包括它的概念结构以及逻辑结构。再介绍了应用层的应用程序服务器的设计,该应用程序服务器包括三部分:模型的研究、逻辑关系划分以及环境的构建,采用组件方法,建立了多种企业对象模型。并在最后对系统的安全性能进行了研究。
三层分布式C/S结构医院信息系统研究的关键是应用程序服务器的设计。论文采用了独具特色的多层分布式应用程序组件(Multi-tier Distributed ApplicationServices Suite,MIDAS)与COM+组件相结合的方法,实现了应用程序服务器的建立。因为采用MIDAS组件可以使系统在COM+应用程序开发时其复杂性大幅降低,同时其生产能力也得到了大幅度提高。
最后,论文以门诊收费子系统和门诊药房子系统为实例介绍了基于COM+的三层分布式C/S结构医院信息系统的实现。
本医院信息系统采用清晰的层次划分和相对独立的模块化实现方式,因此,具有良好的可扩展性,开发、维护成本低,适用性强等优点。
系统在投入运行后使用效果良好,大大降低了医院工作人员的劳动强度、提高了工作效率,同时也规范了医院工作的程序。
As the development of information technology and more and more requirement for medical care, hospital informationization became a matter of great urgency. Currently, in many large and medium-sized hospitals, Hospital Information Systems had been built and improved. On the other hand, small and medium-size hospitals were behindhand on this area. Lack of financing was the main cause of this kind of hospitals. In addition, business of these hospitals changed frequently. It was a necessary for them to adjust to the business, so it was a need for the high extensibility of the system.
The purposes of this project were to meet the requirements of these small and medium-size hospitals. That was decreasing the development and maintaining cost and enhancing the extensibility. The HIS was functioned by using the C/S frame of tri-tier based on COM+ component. Business logic was stored separately on the application tier not Client or Database to realize code reusability. Meanwhile, in order to enhance the extensibility of the application tier, various Enterprise Objects were divided and packed with COM+ components.
Firstly, in this paper, some basic concepts about HIS were expounded, as well as the background, the contents and the significance of this research. Next, the development environment, development tools of foreground and background were introduced. Considering the feature and actual requirement, the common function and design principle of this HIS were proposed, followed by the main frame of HIS.
Secondly, in the part of system design, Database designs were firstly introduced, including its concept and logical structure. Secondly, the design of Application Server is explained. Three processes of this Application Server included research of module, compartmentalization of logic relation, and conformation of environment. Various Enterprise Objects were established based on method of component. And system security was discussed in the end.
Application Server was the key issue of the development of HIS with tri-tier C/S frame. In this paper, a special technology, combination of MIDAS and COM+, was applied to realize Application Server. When MIDAS was used, complexity of development for the application system was reduced and efficiency was improved. The realization of components using MIDAS and COM+ was explained in detail in the paper.
Finally, the realization of HIS with the C/S frame of tri-tier based on COM+ component was introduced in instance of Clinic charge subsystem and Clinic dispensary subsystem.
Clear levels and independence modularization made HIS easy to extend, maintenance and applicability.
This system was in stable operation and good function, which made the efficiency greatly raised and the intensity of labor decreased, at the same time standardized the process of hospital work.
引文
[1]卫生部关于引发《医院信息系统基本功能规范》的通知[S].卫办发[2002]116号文件
[2]张衍浩,张安宁,薛冠华.医院信息系统十年回顾及展望[C].2004年中华医院管理学会学术年会论文集,2004.02:41-70
[3]Haul Reinhold.Health information systems-Past,present,future.International Journal of Medical Informatics[J],v75,n3-4 SPEC.ISS.,March/April,2006.268-281
[4]黄正东,刘幼英,宋兰堂.现代医院信息管理方式变革的应用研究[J].华南国防医学杂志,2005,(05):28-30
[5]郭雪清,王揽月,黄正东.数字化是医院现代化建设的必由之路[J].医疗设备信息,2006,(02).:33-34
[6]刘巧芝.医院信息系统总体设计与研究[C].中华医学会第十次全国医学信息学术会议论文汇编,2004.52-75
[7]王辉等译.Delphi 5从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业学出版社,2000
[8]赵松涛.深入浅出SQL Server 2000系统管理与应用开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[9]王千祥译.实用软件体系结构[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[10]Rober Orfali,Dan Harkey.Client/Server programming with Java and CORBA[M].American:Wiley computer publishing,1998.
[11]郭新房译.系统体系结构[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[12]Ammenwerth Elske,Ehlers Frauke and Hirsch Bernhard.HIS-Monitor:An approach to assess the quality of information processing in hospitals[M].American:International Journal of Medical Informatics,2007
[13]侯云峰等.三层Client/Server应用开发指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[14]Ueng TH,Cheng KB.Friction core-spun yams for electrical properties of woven fabrics[J].Compos Part A:Applied Science Manufacturing 2001(32):1491-1496
[15]Ashley P,V andenw auverM,Sieben listF.Applying Authorization to Intranets Arch tinctures[M].American:Issues and APIs Computer communications,2000
[16]Gutierrez Marco A,Furuie Sergio S and Rebelo Marina S.Implementation of an integrated hospital information system using an open-source three-tier architecture[J].Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging,v 5,n 25,Medical Imaging 2004-PACS and Imaging Informatics,2004,23-30
[17]天宏工作室译.COM+开发指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[18]徐超.使用SQL语句提高数据库性能的几种技巧[J].电脑知识与技术,2006,(32):166-167
[19]王翔.数据库技术[J].程序员,2006,(08):12-13
[20]Sanders Roger E.Database cloning[M].American:DB2 Magazine,2006
[21]于雷.谈谈SQL Server服务数据库管理和维护的问题[J].科技资讯,2006,(35):65-66
[22]张升平,陆渝.用Delphi开发安全强固的多层分布式数据库应用系统[J].重庆工商 大学学报,2003,(1):20-21
[23]Stanley B.Lippman,Josee Lajoie,Barbara E.Moo.C++ Primer[M].American:John Wiley &Sons,2006
[24]敬铮.Delplli 5.0数据库开发与专业应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[25]于浩,徐先传,艾长欢等译,COM+程序员指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.30-156
[26]向坚持,林亚平.基于MIDAS技术的多层数据库应用[J].计算机应用,2001,21(10):53-55
[27]贾代平.多层数据库与MIDAS技术的应用开发[J].计算机系统应用,2003,18(8):1-20
[28]Ray Brown,Wade Baron,William D.Designing Solutions with COM+ Technologies [M].American:Microsoft Press,2001
[29]Joline Morrison,JoeyF.George.Exporing the Software Engineering Component in MIS Research[J].American:Comm.of the ACM,Vol38,No7,1995.21-34
[30]张明空.三层客户机朋艮务器体系结构及其在MIS中的应用[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2000.
[31]冷寒冰.基于COM+三层结构的药房信息管理系统[D].山东:山东大学,2006
[32]刘芳.C/S结构MIS系统的设计与开发[D].成都:电子科技大学,2001
[33]Sinnen O,Sousa L A.Communication contention in task seheduling.Parallcl and Distributed Systems[J].2005,16(6):503-515.
[34]祝福锋.医院管理信息系统分析与设计[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[35]吴晓慧,吴鹏.医院门诊收费系统的设计与实现[J].北京:电脑知识与技术,2006(2):145-147
[36]Gutierrez Marco A,Furuie Sergio S and Rebelo Marina S.Implementation of an integrated hospital information system using an open-source three-tier architecture[J].Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging,v 5,n 25,Medical Imaging 2004-PACS and Imaging Informatics,2004,p 23-30.
[37]李俊平等.Delphi程序设计与软件项目开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[38]赵强.基于分布式对象技术的医院信息系统研究与应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006
[39]卫红春,刘天时,朱欣娟等.软件工程概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[40]Thomas Ed.Service-Oriented Architecture:A Field Guide to Integrating XML and Web Services[J].American:Prentice HallPTR,2004.12-25
[41]LeopoldG.TeehnologyShapestomormw's digital hospital[J].EETimes 2007(7):5-12
[42]JacksonC.WillDoctors follow digital hospital[J].AMNewsstaff;2002(5):4-19
[2]张衍浩,张安宁,薛冠华.医院信息系统十年回顾及展望[C].2004年中华医院管理学会学术年会论文集,2004.02:41-70
[3]Haul Reinhold.Health information systems-Past,present,future.International Journal of Medical Informatics[J],v75,n3-4 SPEC.ISS.,March/April,2006.268-281
[4]黄正东,刘幼英,宋兰堂.现代医院信息管理方式变革的应用研究[J].华南国防医学杂志,2005,(05):28-30
[5]郭雪清,王揽月,黄正东.数字化是医院现代化建设的必由之路[J].医疗设备信息,2006,(02).:33-34
[6]刘巧芝.医院信息系统总体设计与研究[C].中华医学会第十次全国医学信息学术会议论文汇编,2004.52-75
[7]王辉等译.Delphi 5从入门到精通[M].北京:电子工业学出版社,2000
[8]赵松涛.深入浅出SQL Server 2000系统管理与应用开发[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[9]王千祥译.实用软件体系结构[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[10]Rober Orfali,Dan Harkey.Client/Server programming with Java and CORBA[M].American:Wiley computer publishing,1998.
[11]郭新房译.系统体系结构[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[12]Ammenwerth Elske,Ehlers Frauke and Hirsch Bernhard.HIS-Monitor:An approach to assess the quality of information processing in hospitals[M].American:International Journal of Medical Informatics,2007
[13]侯云峰等.三层Client/Server应用开发指南[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[14]Ueng TH,Cheng KB.Friction core-spun yams for electrical properties of woven fabrics[J].Compos Part A:Applied Science Manufacturing 2001(32):1491-1496
[15]Ashley P,V andenw auverM,Sieben listF.Applying Authorization to Intranets Arch tinctures[M].American:Issues and APIs Computer communications,2000
[16]Gutierrez Marco A,Furuie Sergio S and Rebelo Marina S.Implementation of an integrated hospital information system using an open-source three-tier architecture[J].Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging,v 5,n 25,Medical Imaging 2004-PACS and Imaging Informatics,2004,23-30
[17]天宏工作室译.COM+开发指南[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[18]徐超.使用SQL语句提高数据库性能的几种技巧[J].电脑知识与技术,2006,(32):166-167
[19]王翔.数据库技术[J].程序员,2006,(08):12-13
[20]Sanders Roger E.Database cloning[M].American:DB2 Magazine,2006
[21]于雷.谈谈SQL Server服务数据库管理和维护的问题[J].科技资讯,2006,(35):65-66
[22]张升平,陆渝.用Delphi开发安全强固的多层分布式数据库应用系统[J].重庆工商 大学学报,2003,(1):20-21
[23]Stanley B.Lippman,Josee Lajoie,Barbara E.Moo.C++ Primer[M].American:John Wiley &Sons,2006
[24]敬铮.Delplli 5.0数据库开发与专业应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[25]于浩,徐先传,艾长欢等译,COM+程序员指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.30-156
[26]向坚持,林亚平.基于MIDAS技术的多层数据库应用[J].计算机应用,2001,21(10):53-55
[27]贾代平.多层数据库与MIDAS技术的应用开发[J].计算机系统应用,2003,18(8):1-20
[28]Ray Brown,Wade Baron,William D.Designing Solutions with COM+ Technologies [M].American:Microsoft Press,2001
[29]Joline Morrison,JoeyF.George.Exporing the Software Engineering Component in MIS Research[J].American:Comm.of the ACM,Vol38,No7,1995.21-34
[30]张明空.三层客户机朋艮务器体系结构及其在MIS中的应用[D].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学,2000.
[31]冷寒冰.基于COM+三层结构的药房信息管理系统[D].山东:山东大学,2006
[32]刘芳.C/S结构MIS系统的设计与开发[D].成都:电子科技大学,2001
[33]Sinnen O,Sousa L A.Communication contention in task seheduling.Parallcl and Distributed Systems[J].2005,16(6):503-515.
[34]祝福锋.医院管理信息系统分析与设计[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2004
[35]吴晓慧,吴鹏.医院门诊收费系统的设计与实现[J].北京:电脑知识与技术,2006(2):145-147
[36]Gutierrez Marco A,Furuie Sergio S and Rebelo Marina S.Implementation of an integrated hospital information system using an open-source three-tier architecture[J].Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging,v 5,n 25,Medical Imaging 2004-PACS and Imaging Informatics,2004,p 23-30.
[37]李俊平等.Delphi程序设计与软件项目开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[38]赵强.基于分布式对象技术的医院信息系统研究与应用[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006
[39]卫红春,刘天时,朱欣娟等.软件工程概论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007
[40]Thomas Ed.Service-Oriented Architecture:A Field Guide to Integrating XML and Web Services[J].American:Prentice HallPTR,2004.12-25
[41]LeopoldG.TeehnologyShapestomormw's digital hospital[J].EETimes 2007(7):5-12
[42]JacksonC.WillDoctors follow digital hospital[J].AMNewsstaff;2002(5):4-19