龙眼涂膜保鲜技术研究
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摘要
龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)是我国南方的特产水果,也是福建的主要水果之一,但是由于龙眼成熟于高温季节,鲜果采后生理代谢旺盛,在常温下很容易失水、褐变和腐烂,影响了龙眼的贮藏和销售。因此,对采后贮藏保鲜技术的研究就显得十分重要。本文研究了魔芋葡甘聚糖涂膜和硫试剂处理对“福眼”龙眼常温贮藏的影响,对其进行了品质分析,获得适合龙眼贮藏保鲜的有效方法和技术参数,主要研究结果如下:
     (1)龙眼经过涂膜处理能明显降低其在贮藏期间呼吸强度,减少水分散失,减少可溶性固形物和总酸的损耗,有保护V_c的作用。
     (2)采用几种常用的涂膜保鲜剂用于龙眼鲜果的涂膜保鲜,结果表明:魔芋葡苷聚糖涂膜处理能有效降低龙眼贮藏期间的生理生化活性,可避免龙眼的无氧呼吸,具有较好的保鲜效果。在贮藏第5天时,龙眼的好果率达到了86.4%,显著降低龙眼贮藏期间的失水率和呼吸强度,总酸、可溶性固形物,V_c等营养物质损失较少。
     (3)硫试剂能显著提高龙眼贮藏保鲜的效果,实验结果表明:经过适当浓度的硫处理能有效抑制龙眼果皮的褐变,改善龙眼的外观,提高龙眼的商品价值。
     (4)将硫处理引入到魔芋涂膜保鲜中,发挥各自在保鲜方面的特殊作用,起到增强保鲜效果的作用。采用4%Na_2SO_3+0.2%魔芋葡甘聚糖涂膜处理的龙眼效果比单独使用Na_2SO_3处理的效果好。两者结合使用能延长Na_2SO_3的作用时间,达到了缓释SO_2的效果。
     (5)在SO_2处理过程中,其硫试剂的使用浓度和作用时间两个因素的变化在宏观上会对龙眼贮藏期间的效果产生影响,为找出此两个因素的最佳组合,本研究以好果率为指标,拟合出了硫试剂浓度、作用时间与好果率之间的关系,得出回归方程,其最佳保鲜效果的因素组合为:硫试剂浓度4.66%,作用时间8.9分钟时,好果率达到93.43%。
     (6)采用以上的最佳因素组合参数于龙眼保鲜中,结果表明,4.66%硫试剂,作用时间8.9分钟处理下的龙眼,果肉的SO_2残留量远低于国家标准。膜透性、MDA含量、O~(2-)产生速率等指标都明显优于空白组。PPO、POD、SOD、CAT等酶的活性也都得到了明显的抑制。处理过的龙眼具有较高的商品价值。
Longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a special fruit in south China as well as in Fujian. However longan will metabolize vehemence, lose moisture and browning because longan mature in the hot and humid period of the year, which influence the storage and distribution of longan. Therefor it is important to do research of the storage technology of the longan. In order to studying Knojac and sulfur management in longan storage in the room temperature, qualitative analysis of longan were studied in this thesis, so as to find the parameter and method which can adapt to the longan storage. The results are showed as follows:
     (1) Coating could significantly reduce water loss rate, respiration, dissolvable substance loss, total acid loss,it can also protect Vc.
     (2) The effect of the application of several coating material to longan well.The result showed that coating with Konjac can reduce the physiological reaction, avoid anaerobic respiration. During the storage period,the heathy fruit rate reach 75%, water loss rate, respiration were reduced significantly and the dissolvable substance loss, total acid loss, Vc can be well protected.
     (3)Sulfur management can elevate the healthy fruit rate. The result showed that proper concentration of sulfur can restrain the pericarp browning, ameliorate the pericarp appearance, enhance the commodity value.
     (4) Sulfur management can be conbined with coating which can strengthen the freshkeep effect. The effect of coating with 4% Na_2SO_3+0.2%Knoajc is better than using Na_2SO_3 separately. The conbining of sulfur and coating can prolong the period of time of reaction.
     (5)The concentration of the sulfur and the reaction time can influence the effect of storage directly, which can also influence the SO_2 residue of the longan flesh. In order to find the optimal combination of the two factor, the index of the thesis is healthy fruit rate and find out the relation between the concentration and reaction time, the equation was also educed. The optimal combination is that: the concentration of sulfur is 4.66%, the reaction time is 8.9 minute, in the condition the healthy fruit rate can reach 93.43%.
     (6) The parameters gained from the equation were applied in the longan storage experimentation. The result showed that: in that condition the SO_2 residue of the longan flesh was lower than state standard. The index of cell membrane permeability of longan pericarp, MDA, O~(2-) were better the contrast. The active of the PPO、POD、SOD、CAT were also be restrained .The commodity value was enhanced after management.
引文
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