电力系统电压稳定与无功控制的研究
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摘要
电力系统电压稳定与无功控制的研究是电力系统规划和运行分析中的重要课题。电力系统实施无功电压控制是提高系统的电压稳定性和经济性,保证系统的供电质量,防止系统发生电压崩溃的必要措施。本文对电力系统电压稳定和电压无功控制的研究进行了系统的阐述,并着重对无功电压控制分区和无功源优化配置进行较为深入的研究。
在对电力系统电压稳定和电压无功控制研究现状系统阐述的基础上,仿真分析了发电机励磁调节参数对电力系统动态电压稳定的影响。分级电压控制是解决现代复杂电力系统的电压控制问题较有效的方案,其首要问题是对系统进行电压控制区域划分。在最临近电压稳定临界状态点附近对系统进行分区,综合考虑了有功功率和无功功率对节点电压的影响,以欧氏空间距离定义电气距离,最后由改进的动态分区方法进行分区计算。
无功源最佳配置是包括确定无功源配置地点、台数和补偿容量的问题。在无功电压控制分区的基础上,以无功补偿主导节点为无功源的配置地点,同时对粒子群优化算法的粒子初始化进行改进,并将遗传算法的变异算子引入到粒子群算法,再由改进粒子群算法来确定各无功源配置点的补偿容量。系统分区后再求解无功源配置问题,可以减少粒子群算法寻求解的维数,提高计算速度,有利于找到全局最优解。算例分析证实了该方法的可行性和有效性。
Research of voltage stability and reactive power control in power system is an important issue in power system dispatching and planning. Reactive voltage control is a necessary measure to improve power system voltage stability and its economy, to ensure power quality and prevent voltage collapse. The text expatiate the content of power system voltage stability and reactive voltage control, laying stress on study of voltage control partition and reactive sources allocation.
Based on the content of power system voltage stability and reactive voltage control, Using PSAT to analyse the exciter parameters of the generator influence on the dynamic voltage stability in power system. Voltage hierarchical control is a great formula to solve the problem of the modern complex power system, and its primary concern is to partition power system into several control areas. This text proposes a new method: partition the system at voltage stability critical point, define electric distance with euclidean distance, comprehensive consider influence of active and reactive power on the node voltage, and last use the improved dynamic partitioning method to solve the problem.
Reactive sources allocation problem includes allocation site, number and capacity of reactive sources. An optimal allocation of reactive power sources using reactive compensation pilot buses approach on the basis of system partition. The author suggest a method to improve particle swarm optimization by introducing mutation operator of genetic algorithm and changing its particle initialization. And then to calculate compensation capacity of each allocation site with the improved particle swarm optimization. System partition reduces solution dimensions and promotes computing speed of the improved particle swarm optimization method. It is convenient to tackle the problem of reactive allocation and easy to find the global optimal solution. The example verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
在对电力系统电压稳定和电压无功控制研究现状系统阐述的基础上,仿真分析了发电机励磁调节参数对电力系统动态电压稳定的影响。分级电压控制是解决现代复杂电力系统的电压控制问题较有效的方案,其首要问题是对系统进行电压控制区域划分。在最临近电压稳定临界状态点附近对系统进行分区,综合考虑了有功功率和无功功率对节点电压的影响,以欧氏空间距离定义电气距离,最后由改进的动态分区方法进行分区计算。
无功源最佳配置是包括确定无功源配置地点、台数和补偿容量的问题。在无功电压控制分区的基础上,以无功补偿主导节点为无功源的配置地点,同时对粒子群优化算法的粒子初始化进行改进,并将遗传算法的变异算子引入到粒子群算法,再由改进粒子群算法来确定各无功源配置点的补偿容量。系统分区后再求解无功源配置问题,可以减少粒子群算法寻求解的维数,提高计算速度,有利于找到全局最优解。算例分析证实了该方法的可行性和有效性。
Research of voltage stability and reactive power control in power system is an important issue in power system dispatching and planning. Reactive voltage control is a necessary measure to improve power system voltage stability and its economy, to ensure power quality and prevent voltage collapse. The text expatiate the content of power system voltage stability and reactive voltage control, laying stress on study of voltage control partition and reactive sources allocation.
Based on the content of power system voltage stability and reactive voltage control, Using PSAT to analyse the exciter parameters of the generator influence on the dynamic voltage stability in power system. Voltage hierarchical control is a great formula to solve the problem of the modern complex power system, and its primary concern is to partition power system into several control areas. This text proposes a new method: partition the system at voltage stability critical point, define electric distance with euclidean distance, comprehensive consider influence of active and reactive power on the node voltage, and last use the improved dynamic partitioning method to solve the problem.
Reactive sources allocation problem includes allocation site, number and capacity of reactive sources. An optimal allocation of reactive power sources using reactive compensation pilot buses approach on the basis of system partition. The author suggest a method to improve particle swarm optimization by introducing mutation operator of genetic algorithm and changing its particle initialization. And then to calculate compensation capacity of each allocation site with the improved particle swarm optimization. System partition reduces solution dimensions and promotes computing speed of the improved particle swarm optimization method. It is convenient to tackle the problem of reactive allocation and easy to find the global optimal solution. The example verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.
引文
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[2]王锡凡,方万良,杜正春.现代电力系统分析[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.
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[36]J. Zaborszky, Ken-Wen Wang, Gamg M. Huang, Luo-Jen Chang, Shin-Yue Liu, A Clustered Dynamic Model for a Class of Linear Autonomous Systems Using Simple Enumerative Sorting[J]. IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Vol. CAS-29, No.11,1982:747-757.
[37]刘君华.电力系统无功源配置与分级电压控制研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[38]郭庆来,孙宏斌,张伯明,吴文传.基于无功源控制空间聚类分析的无功电压分区[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(10)：36-40.
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[2]王锡凡,方万良,杜正春.现代电力系统分析[M].北京：科学出版社,2007.
[3]甘德强,胡江溢,韩祯祥.2003年国际若干停电事故思考[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(3)：1-4.
[4]马世英,印永华,李柏青,唐晓俊等.我国互联电网电压稳定评价标准框架探讨[J].电网技术,2006,30(17)：7-13.
[5]傅旭,王锡凡,杜正春.电力系统电压稳定性研究现状及其展望[J].电力自动化设备,2005,25(2)：1-9.
[6]张元鹏,周双喜,王利锋,黄要桂等.静态电压稳定性分析模型的理论基础[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(10)：55-58.
[7]Erabha Kundur, John Paserba, Carson Taylor etc. Definition and Classification of Power System Stability[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2004, Vol 19, No 2.
[8]韩祯祥,曹一家.电力系统的安全性及防治措施[J].电网技术,2004,28(9)：1-6.
[9]孙静,张斌,杜明星.电压失稳预防校正控制初探[J].继电器,2007,35(17)：52-57.
[10]刘丽霞,曹国云,陈陈.基于静态电压稳定性指标的等价性研究[J].华东电力,2005,33(12)：1-4.
[11]汤涌,仲悟之,孙华东,林伟芳等.电力系统电压稳定机理研究[J].电网技术,2010,34(4)：24-29.
[12]白雪峰,倪以信.电力系统动态安全分析综述[J].电网技术,2004,28(16)：14-20.
[13]刘益青,陈超英,梁磊,刘利.电力系统电压稳定性的动态分析方法综述[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(1)：105-108.
[14]吴浩.电压稳定的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004.
[15]CARSON W. TAYLOR电力系统电压稳定[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2001.
[16]周双喜,朱凌志,郭锡玖,王小海等.电力系统电压稳定性及其控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004.
[17]许文超,郭伟.电力系统无功优化的模型及算法综述[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003,15(1)：100-104.
[18]程浩忠,吴浩.电力系统无功与电压稳定性[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004.
[19]翁利民,靳剑锋.电力系统无功优化方法综合分析[J].电力电容器,2004,第二期：1-6.
[20]刘明波,程莹,林声宏.求解无功优化的内点线性和内点非线性规划方法比较[J].电力系统自动化,2002,第一期：22-26.
[21]谷永刚,肖凯,夏经德,赵登福.利用增量二次规划和启发式办法的电力系统动态无功 优化[J].西安交通大学学报,44(8)：106-111.
[22]Eric Hobson. Network Constrained Reactive Power Control Using Linear Programming[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems, Vol. PAS-99, May/June 1980.
[23]许诺,黄民翔.原对偶内点法与定界法在无功优化中的应用[J].电力系统及其动化学报.2000,12(3)：26-30.
[24]郝晓弘,张阳.智能优化算法在无功优化中的应用综述[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2010,71(2)：12-15.
[25]Maurizo Delfanti, Gianpietro P. Granelli, Paolo Marannino, et al. Optimal Capacitor Placement Using Deterministic and Genetic Algorithms[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2000,15(3):1041-1046.
[26]陈建华,李先允,邓东华,廖德利.粒子群优化算法在电力系统中的应用综述[J].继电器,2007,35(23)：77-84.
[27]苏永春,程时杰,文劲宇.用于提高电压稳定裕度的发电机无功出力管理[J].电力自动化设备,2007,27(6)：39-42.
[28]陈磊,闵勇.发电机无功极限诱导分岔的机理分析及预防策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(10)：14-19.
[29]Lagonotte P, Sabonnadiere J C, Leost J Y, Paul J P. Structural analysis of the electrical system:application to secondary voltage control in France[J]. IEEE Transactions on power Systems[J],1989,4(2):479-486.
[30]R. A. Schlueter, I. Hu, M.W.Chang, J. G. Lo, A. Costi, Methods for Determining Proximity to Voltage Collapse [J]. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, Vol.6, No.1, February, 1991:285-29.
[31]周双喜,冯治鸿,杨宁.大型电力系统P-V曲线求取[J].电网技术,1996,20(8)：4-8.
[32]祝达康,程浩忠.求取静态电压稳定极限的改进连续潮流法[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2005,17(2)：21-25.
[33]Lie, T.,Schlueter, R. A., Rusche, P. A. E.. Method of identifying weak transmission network stability boundaries[J]. IEEE Trans. Power System,1993,8(1):293-301.
[34]冯光明.电力系统电压控制区域的研究[D].天津：天津大学,2007.
[35]王耀瑜,张伯明,孙宏斌等.一种基于专家知识的电力系统电压/无功分级分布式优化控制分区方法[J].中国电机上程学报,1998,18(3)：221-224.
[36]J. Zaborszky, Ken-Wen Wang, Gamg M. Huang, Luo-Jen Chang, Shin-Yue Liu, A Clustered Dynamic Model for a Class of Linear Autonomous Systems Using Simple Enumerative Sorting[J]. IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems, Vol. CAS-29, No.11,1982:747-757.
[37]刘君华.电力系统无功源配置与分级电压控制研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[38]郭庆来,孙宏斌,张伯明,吴文传.基于无功源控制空间聚类分析的无功电压分区[J].电力系统自动化,2005,29(10)：36-40.
[39]方鸽飞,刘君华,吕岩岩.基于树形分布的电压控制分区[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2007,19(1)：83-86.
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