基于DSP的图像压缩系统的硬件设计与实现
摘要
随着二十一世纪数字时代的来临，专用高速数字信息的处理技术成为发展的方向，专门为高速数字信息处理而设计的数字信号处理器(DSP)成为数字化领域的重要角色，随着DSP技术日新月异的发展和新型DSP的涌现，这一技术推动了现有电子产品的升级进程。
国内的视频监控系统可以分为三代
第一代是传统的模拟视频监控系统，模拟视频监控系统要用同轴电缆将摄像机输出的视频信号送往录像机。当摄像机与监控中心的距离较远或监控点过多时，就需要铺设大量的同轴电缆，这样就造成了升高了系统造价。
第二代是基于微机的图像采集卡，这种类型的监控系统终端都需要一台微机，成本过于昂贵。
第三代是基于以太网的嵌入式视频监控系统。目前国内已经有了基于MPEG-4的以太网监控系统，但是因为都用的是高端处理器，系统价格十分昂贵。而本文研究的嵌入式图像压缩传输系统，使用JPEG静态图像作为编码方案，大大减少了原始数据量，降低了对系统处理能力的要求，能够以比较低的价格实现以太网络监控功能，适合于对监控系统要求不高的用户使用。
本文的内容主要包括：
(1) 图像压缩传输系统的硬件方案选择。
(2) 图像压缩传输系统的硬件系统设计，主要包括了芯片的选型、电源系统设计、图像采集、大容量存储器扩展、以太网接口设计以及高速PCB板设计时需要注意的问题。
(3) 系统部分驱动程序的设计，包括DSP对FLASH烧写和擦除的软件实现、程序的自举加载、DSP与RTL8019AS接口通信程序设计。
The Digital Signal Processor(DSP) is a type of microprocessor - which has unbelievable run speed and powerful functions..DSP is one of the most powerful information technologies in the twenty - first century. Because of recent developments in hardware technology digital signal processing is becoming one of the most important research and developmet domain in electronics engineering.
The video supervise system is divided into three generations in our country.
The first generation is tradition alanalog video supervise system,which use the axis cable to transmit the video signal from video camera to video recorder.When the distance between video camera and video recorder is very longer or the number of video camera is big, we have to use a great deal of Coaxial cable,, then the image transmission become the bottle-neck of the video supervise system.
The second generation is image acquisition card based on computers. While each terminal of this kind of video supervise system need a computer, which caused expensive cost.
The third generation is embedded video supervise system based on Ethernet.The Ethernet video supervise system based on MPEG-4 have invented in our country, but which used advanced processors so that this kind of system has high prices. In this paper, the embedded video image compression and transmission system that we research use JPEG as the coding scheme, which reduce primitive data and decrease the requirement for processing capacity of system.The system can be able to realize video supervise system based on Ethernet with low cost,which is suited to customer who have low request.
The paper mainly concerns about:
(1) The hardware project selection of the image compression and transmission system.
(2) The hardware design of the image compression and transmission system.
Including the selection of chips, the design of power supply system, image acquisition, design of expanded Memory, Ethernet interface design and the PCB design.
(3) Design of the system driver, including the software of FLASH'S erase and programming by DSP, BootLoader and the interface communicator between the DSP and the RTL8019AS.
国内的视频监控系统可以分为三代
第一代是传统的模拟视频监控系统，模拟视频监控系统要用同轴电缆将摄像机输出的视频信号送往录像机。当摄像机与监控中心的距离较远或监控点过多时，就需要铺设大量的同轴电缆，这样就造成了升高了系统造价。
第二代是基于微机的图像采集卡，这种类型的监控系统终端都需要一台微机，成本过于昂贵。
第三代是基于以太网的嵌入式视频监控系统。目前国内已经有了基于MPEG-4的以太网监控系统，但是因为都用的是高端处理器，系统价格十分昂贵。而本文研究的嵌入式图像压缩传输系统，使用JPEG静态图像作为编码方案，大大减少了原始数据量，降低了对系统处理能力的要求，能够以比较低的价格实现以太网络监控功能，适合于对监控系统要求不高的用户使用。
本文的内容主要包括：
(1) 图像压缩传输系统的硬件方案选择。
(2) 图像压缩传输系统的硬件系统设计，主要包括了芯片的选型、电源系统设计、图像采集、大容量存储器扩展、以太网接口设计以及高速PCB板设计时需要注意的问题。
(3) 系统部分驱动程序的设计，包括DSP对FLASH烧写和擦除的软件实现、程序的自举加载、DSP与RTL8019AS接口通信程序设计。
The Digital Signal Processor(DSP) is a type of microprocessor - which has unbelievable run speed and powerful functions..DSP is one of the most powerful information technologies in the twenty - first century. Because of recent developments in hardware technology digital signal processing is becoming one of the most important research and developmet domain in electronics engineering.
The video supervise system is divided into three generations in our country.
The first generation is tradition alanalog video supervise system,which use the axis cable to transmit the video signal from video camera to video recorder.When the distance between video camera and video recorder is very longer or the number of video camera is big, we have to use a great deal of Coaxial cable,, then the image transmission become the bottle-neck of the video supervise system.
The second generation is image acquisition card based on computers. While each terminal of this kind of video supervise system need a computer, which caused expensive cost.
The third generation is embedded video supervise system based on Ethernet.The Ethernet video supervise system based on MPEG-4 have invented in our country, but which used advanced processors so that this kind of system has high prices. In this paper, the embedded video image compression and transmission system that we research use JPEG as the coding scheme, which reduce primitive data and decrease the requirement for processing capacity of system.The system can be able to realize video supervise system based on Ethernet with low cost,which is suited to customer who have low request.
The paper mainly concerns about:
(1) The hardware project selection of the image compression and transmission system.
(2) The hardware design of the image compression and transmission system.
Including the selection of chips, the design of power supply system, image acquisition, design of expanded Memory, Ethernet interface design and the PCB design.
(3) Design of the system driver, including the software of FLASH'S erase and programming by DSP, BootLoader and the interface communicator between the DSP and the RTL8019AS.
引文
[1]戴明祯，周建江．TMS320C54xDSP结构、原理、开发及应用．北京航天航空大学出版社，2000
[2]戴逸明，梁小雯，裴小平．基于DSP的现代电子系统设计．电子工业出版社，2002
[3]张雄伟，曹铁勇．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用(第3版)．电子工业出版社，2003
[4]孙宗瀛．TMS320C5X DSP原理设计与应用．清华大学出版社，2002．3
[5]刘益成．TMS320C54xDSP应用程序设计与开发．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．5
[6]苏涛，蔺丽华，卢光跃，张林让．DSP实用技术．西安电子科技大学出版，2002
[7]朱铭皓．DSP应用系统设计．电子工业出版社，2002．10
[8]汪安民．TMS320C54xx DSP实用技术．清华大学出版社，2002．7
[9]郑红，吴冠．TMS320C54xDSP应用系统设计，北京航空航天大学出版社2002
[10]黄凤英．DSP原理与应用．东南大学出版社，1997
[11]彭启琮．TMS32054x实用教程．电子科技大学出版社，2000
[12]彭启琮，李玉柏，管庆．DSP技术的发展与应用，电子科技大学出版社，2002
[13]李鹏．计算机通信技术及其程序设计．西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[14]张勇C／C+十语言硬件程序设计．西安电子科大出版社，2003
[15]康华光．电子技术基础数字部分．，高等教育出版社，2000
[16]康华光．电子技术基础模拟部分．高等教育出版社，2000
[17]DOUGLAS E. COMER. 用TCP/IP进行网际互连 第一卷 原理、协议和体系结构(第3版)电子工业出版社，1998
[19]徐金梧，杨得斌，徐科．TURBO C实用大全．机械工业出版社，1996
[20]齐美彬．基于DSP的视频图像压缩系统的研究．合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2001，6
[21]易飞．一个基于DSP的电子阅读笔硬件系统．西北工业大学硕士学位论文， 2003，3
[22]吴宗智．基于DSP实现的图像信号处理技术研究—在交通信号机中的应用．西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．3
[23]冯华亮．IP语音及其终端技术研究．电子科技大学硕士学位论文，2003，2
[24]高鹏．电路设计与制版—Protel 99入门与提高．人民邮电出版社，2000
[25]赵晶．电路设计与制版—Protel 99高级应用．人民邮电出版社，2000
[26]孟译译、蒋律国．DSP技术的应用及发展．微处理机，2000，8
[27]庾新林．TMS320VC5402 DSP并行8bit EPROM引导装载方法研究．电子技术应用
[28]杨力波，潘志铂．DSP+FLASH引导装载系统的设计与实现．电子技术应用
[29]刘波，淳静．基于DSP的网络通信程序设计．单片机与嵌入式系统应用万静华，丁亚军．以太网控制器的嵌入式设备网络互连．电子技术应用
[25]毛轶锋，周富大，陈华志，朱洪兴．基于DSP和以太网的数据采集处理系统．电子技术应用
[30]齐美彬，杨艳芳．TMS320 C54x DSP的以太网接口设计．电子技术应用
[31]李彩王安刘勇8位高速A／D转换器TLC5510的应用国外电子元器件
[32]黄再银 视频监控系统中多画面处理器的设计电子技术应用
[33]Digital Signal Processing Selection Guide, Texas Instruments 1996
[34]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals: Literature Number: SPRU131; Texas Instruments; June 1998
[35]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 2: Mnemonic Instruction Set; Literature Number: SPRU72; Texas Instruments: August 1997
[36]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 3: Algebraic Instruction: Literature Number: SPRU179: Texas Instruments; August 1997
[37]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 4: Application Guide; Literature Number: SPRU173; Texas Instruments: October 1998
[38]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set,. Volume 3: Enhanced Peripherals; Literature Number: SPRU302;.Texas Instruments: June 1999
[39]TMS320C54X Code ComPoser Studio Tutorial. Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 2001
[40]TMS320C54X User Guide. Texas Instruments 1999
[41]TMS320C54X Optimizing C Compiler User Guide. Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 2000
[42]TMS320C54X C Source Debugger User Guide .Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 1992
[43]TMS320C54X Assembly Language Tools User Guide. Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 2001
[44]TMS320VC5409 Datasheet, Literature Number: SPRS082C: Texas Instruments: April 1999
[45]REALTEK SEMI-CONDUCTORCO., LTD , RTLSO19AS Realtek Full-Duplex Ethernet Controller with Plug and Play Function(RealPNP), 2001
[46]TLC5510 Datasheet,Literature Number:SLASO95K;Texas Instruments; SEPTEMBER 1994- REVISED -MAY 1999
[47]Silicon Storage Technology, Inc; SST39LF/VFS12Datasheet, 2003
[48]TPS73HD301/TPS73HD318/TPS73HD325Datasheet, Literature Number: SLVS167C ;Texas Instruments; SEPTEMBER 1998- REVISED-MAY 1999
[49]Cypress Semiconductor Corporation , CY7C1021V33 64K x 16 Static RAM, 1999
[50]Intersil Corporation , ICL7660 Datasheet, 1999
[2]戴逸明，梁小雯，裴小平．基于DSP的现代电子系统设计．电子工业出版社，2002
[3]张雄伟，曹铁勇．DSP芯片的原理与开发应用(第3版)．电子工业出版社，2003
[4]孙宗瀛．TMS320C5X DSP原理设计与应用．清华大学出版社，2002．3
[5]刘益成．TMS320C54xDSP应用程序设计与开发．北京航空航天大学出版社，2002．5
[6]苏涛，蔺丽华，卢光跃，张林让．DSP实用技术．西安电子科技大学出版，2002
[7]朱铭皓．DSP应用系统设计．电子工业出版社，2002．10
[8]汪安民．TMS320C54xx DSP实用技术．清华大学出版社，2002．7
[9]郑红，吴冠．TMS320C54xDSP应用系统设计，北京航空航天大学出版社2002
[10]黄凤英．DSP原理与应用．东南大学出版社，1997
[11]彭启琮．TMS32054x实用教程．电子科技大学出版社，2000
[12]彭启琮，李玉柏，管庆．DSP技术的发展与应用，电子科技大学出版社，2002
[13]李鹏．计算机通信技术及其程序设计．西安电子科技大学出版社，1998
[14]张勇C／C+十语言硬件程序设计．西安电子科大出版社，2003
[15]康华光．电子技术基础数字部分．，高等教育出版社，2000
[16]康华光．电子技术基础模拟部分．高等教育出版社，2000
[17]DOUGLAS E. COMER. 用TCP/IP进行网际互连 第一卷 原理、协议和体系结构(第3版)电子工业出版社，1998
[19]徐金梧，杨得斌，徐科．TURBO C实用大全．机械工业出版社，1996
[20]齐美彬．基于DSP的视频图像压缩系统的研究．合肥工业大学硕士学位论文，2001，6
[21]易飞．一个基于DSP的电子阅读笔硬件系统．西北工业大学硕士学位论文， 2003，3
[22]吴宗智．基于DSP实现的图像信号处理技术研究—在交通信号机中的应用．西北工业大学硕士学位论文，2003．3
[23]冯华亮．IP语音及其终端技术研究．电子科技大学硕士学位论文，2003，2
[24]高鹏．电路设计与制版—Protel 99入门与提高．人民邮电出版社，2000
[25]赵晶．电路设计与制版—Protel 99高级应用．人民邮电出版社，2000
[26]孟译译、蒋律国．DSP技术的应用及发展．微处理机，2000，8
[27]庾新林．TMS320VC5402 DSP并行8bit EPROM引导装载方法研究．电子技术应用
[28]杨力波，潘志铂．DSP+FLASH引导装载系统的设计与实现．电子技术应用
[29]刘波，淳静．基于DSP的网络通信程序设计．单片机与嵌入式系统应用万静华，丁亚军．以太网控制器的嵌入式设备网络互连．电子技术应用
[25]毛轶锋，周富大，陈华志，朱洪兴．基于DSP和以太网的数据采集处理系统．电子技术应用
[30]齐美彬，杨艳芳．TMS320 C54x DSP的以太网接口设计．电子技术应用
[31]李彩王安刘勇8位高速A／D转换器TLC5510的应用国外电子元器件
[32]黄再银 视频监控系统中多画面处理器的设计电子技术应用
[33]Digital Signal Processing Selection Guide, Texas Instruments 1996
[34]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 1: CPU and Peripherals: Literature Number: SPRU131; Texas Instruments; June 1998
[35]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 2: Mnemonic Instruction Set; Literature Number: SPRU72; Texas Instruments: August 1997
[36]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 3: Algebraic Instruction: Literature Number: SPRU179: Texas Instruments; August 1997
[37]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set, Volume 4: Application Guide; Literature Number: SPRU173; Texas Instruments: October 1998
[38]TMS32054x DSP Reference Set,. Volume 3: Enhanced Peripherals; Literature Number: SPRU302;.Texas Instruments: June 1999
[39]TMS320C54X Code ComPoser Studio Tutorial. Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 2001
[40]TMS320C54X User Guide. Texas Instruments 1999
[41]TMS320C54X Optimizing C Compiler User Guide. Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 2000
[42]TMS320C54X C Source Debugger User Guide .Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 1992
[43]TMS320C54X Assembly Language Tools User Guide. Texas Instruments IncorPorated. 2001
[44]TMS320VC5409 Datasheet, Literature Number: SPRS082C: Texas Instruments: April 1999
[45]REALTEK SEMI-CONDUCTORCO., LTD , RTLSO19AS Realtek Full-Duplex Ethernet Controller with Plug and Play Function(RealPNP), 2001
[46]TLC5510 Datasheet,Literature Number:SLASO95K;Texas Instruments; SEPTEMBER 1994- REVISED -MAY 1999
[47]Silicon Storage Technology, Inc; SST39LF/VFS12Datasheet, 2003
[48]TPS73HD301/TPS73HD318/TPS73HD325Datasheet, Literature Number: SLVS167C ;Texas Instruments; SEPTEMBER 1998- REVISED-MAY 1999
[49]Cypress Semiconductor Corporation , CY7C1021V33 64K x 16 Static RAM, 1999
[50]Intersil Corporation , ICL7660 Datasheet, 1999