美洲黑杨优良亲本选择及子代家系苗期测定
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摘要
本文主要以美洲黑杨种质资源库为研究对象,分为美洲黑杨重要性状变异分析与优良无性系选择方法、美洲黑杨切枝杂交试验、美洲黑杨全同胞家系试验、美洲黑杨果序性状与种子性状变异研究、美洲黑杨半同胞家系试验等5个部分内容。采用多性状综合选择,初选出一些无性系,作为杂交的亲本。通过全同胞家系配合力测定和半同胞家系苗期试验,进一步进行优良亲本选择,为开展杨树高产优质高效育种提供理论依据。主要研究结论如下:
(1)根据主成分分析、综合评分法、隶属函数法和灰色关联度分析,对美洲黑杨种质资源库202个无性系进行初选,获得102-14、101-4、103-3、103-20、66-9、63-13、81-16、81-30、86-10、86-2、86-8、89-2、89-3、89-7、95-33、95-44、96-5、96-10等18个生长量大、木材密度高、通直度好的优良无性系。
(2)通过美洲黑杨切枝杂交试验,在室温为30℃,相对湿度为40%的恶劣环境下,父本为S3702的各杂交组合的果序发育程度仍然较优,表明S3702的杂种果序较耐高温、低湿。美洲黑杨枝条营养因子和杂种性状典型相关分析表明,美洲黑杨切枝杂交中,母本枝条保留花芽数和枝粗与果序发育状况相关紧密,枝条营养状况与坐果率、种子萌发率相关不明显。
(3)通过美洲黑杨全同胞家系配合力测定,结果表明95-44、1-52的一般配合力较高,两者可用来营建种子园。而94-30和I-35、1-52和S3244与T120和95-44的特殊配合力较高,可分别营建种子园进行杂交,以获得优良地径与苗高的杂种,进一步进行遗传选择。同时,在以后的育种工作中不仅要注重亲本的生长表现,也要注重亲本间的交配方式,以期获得良好的杂种后代。
(4)通过对美洲黑杨36个家系的果实性状的方差分析,结果表明美洲黑杨果实性状家系间差异非常大,也反映了果实性状多样性较为丰富。
(5)在美洲黑杨半同胞家系试验中,通过LSD多重比较,结果表明94-18、T15、S373、S3127这4个半同胞家系生长量(地径和苗高)较大。以I-69半同胞家系作对照,利用DUNNET法进行多重对比,87-6、94-18、L232、L28、S3105、S3127、S3226、S3236、S3240、S3319、S3503、S373、S3814、T15等14个半同胞家系在地径和苗高生长量性状上均与I-69半同胞有显著差异,可对该14个家系进一步进行家系内试验,选择出优良半同胞家系和优良单株,进行遗传改良。通过聚类分析,可将37个美洲黑杨半同胞家系按当年生苗期生长性状大小划分为3个大类,其中,94-18、S3503、L28、S3127、S3319、S3814、S373、T15等8个半同胞家系,这类家系当年生苗期生长量最大。
This study took Populus deltoids germplasm as the main research object, including five parts: genetic variation of important traits and clones selection in Populus deltoids, hydroponics crossing experiments in Populus deltoids, full-sib family experiments in Populus deltoids, study on variation analyswas based on traits of capsule in Populus deltoids, and half-sib family experiments in Populus deltoids.Using multi-trait selection, selected a few clones as parents for crossing, and through full-sib family by combining ability and half-sib family by progeny test, thus chose perior family synthetieally, in order to provide theoretical reference for Poplar breeding. The conclusions were as follows:
According to principal component analysis, composite score, membership function and grey relational analysis, we got eighteen clones that were large growth, high wood density and excellent straightness, such as 102-14、101-4、103-3、103-20、66-9、63-13、81-16、81-30、86-10、86-2、86-8、89-2、89-3、89-7、95-33、95-44、96-5、96-10 and so on , by selecting from 202 clones which were from Populus deltoids germplasm.
We could find capsules of all the crosses which male parent was S3702 were growing and developing better than others’, on the worse environment that room temperature was 30℃and relative humidity was 40%, through hydroponics crossing experiments in Populus deltoids. It showed that hybrid fruit of S3702 could stay at the Condition of high temperature, and low humidity. Typical correlation analysis based on branch nutritional factors and hybrid traits in Populus deltoids showed that the number of flower buds and diameter of female parent branches, had close relationship with the growth and development status of fruit, but nutritional status of branches had no obvious correlation with fruit set rate, and seed germination rate.
According to full-sib family by combining ability, it showed that 95-44 and 1-52 which had higher GCA could be used to build seed garden. 94-30&I-35, 1-52&S3244 and T120&95-44 which also had higher SCA could be used to build seed garden,and then crossed to gain superior hybrid which had good diameter and height for genetic selection. Therefore, we not only focused on the growth of parents, but also paid attention to the mating between the parents in order to obtain good progeny in the future.
By variance analysis based on the capsule traits in Populus deltoids, the results showed that the difference among 36 families was very large, also reflected that capsule traits were more abundant.
The results showed that diameter and height of half-sib families such as 94-18, T15, S373, S3127 was greater, by LSD multiple comparisons. Compwered to I-69, we found 14 half-sib families such as 87-6, 94-18, L232, L28, S3105, S3127, S3226, S3236, S3240, S3319, S3503, S373, S3814, T15 had significant difference, by Dunnet test. These 14 familes could be used for further testing within the family, to seclet good families and individuals for genetic improvement. According to annual seedling growth traits, we could divide 37 half-sib families into three groups by cluster analysis. Among 37 half-sib families, eight half-sib families such as 94-18, S3503, L28, S3127, S3319, S3814, S373, T15 had greater diameter and height.
(1)根据主成分分析、综合评分法、隶属函数法和灰色关联度分析,对美洲黑杨种质资源库202个无性系进行初选,获得102-14、101-4、103-3、103-20、66-9、63-13、81-16、81-30、86-10、86-2、86-8、89-2、89-3、89-7、95-33、95-44、96-5、96-10等18个生长量大、木材密度高、通直度好的优良无性系。
(2)通过美洲黑杨切枝杂交试验,在室温为30℃,相对湿度为40%的恶劣环境下,父本为S3702的各杂交组合的果序发育程度仍然较优,表明S3702的杂种果序较耐高温、低湿。美洲黑杨枝条营养因子和杂种性状典型相关分析表明,美洲黑杨切枝杂交中,母本枝条保留花芽数和枝粗与果序发育状况相关紧密,枝条营养状况与坐果率、种子萌发率相关不明显。
(3)通过美洲黑杨全同胞家系配合力测定,结果表明95-44、1-52的一般配合力较高,两者可用来营建种子园。而94-30和I-35、1-52和S3244与T120和95-44的特殊配合力较高,可分别营建种子园进行杂交,以获得优良地径与苗高的杂种,进一步进行遗传选择。同时,在以后的育种工作中不仅要注重亲本的生长表现,也要注重亲本间的交配方式,以期获得良好的杂种后代。
(4)通过对美洲黑杨36个家系的果实性状的方差分析,结果表明美洲黑杨果实性状家系间差异非常大,也反映了果实性状多样性较为丰富。
(5)在美洲黑杨半同胞家系试验中,通过LSD多重比较,结果表明94-18、T15、S373、S3127这4个半同胞家系生长量(地径和苗高)较大。以I-69半同胞家系作对照,利用DUNNET法进行多重对比,87-6、94-18、L232、L28、S3105、S3127、S3226、S3236、S3240、S3319、S3503、S373、S3814、T15等14个半同胞家系在地径和苗高生长量性状上均与I-69半同胞有显著差异,可对该14个家系进一步进行家系内试验,选择出优良半同胞家系和优良单株,进行遗传改良。通过聚类分析,可将37个美洲黑杨半同胞家系按当年生苗期生长性状大小划分为3个大类,其中,94-18、S3503、L28、S3127、S3319、S3814、S373、T15等8个半同胞家系,这类家系当年生苗期生长量最大。
This study took Populus deltoids germplasm as the main research object, including five parts: genetic variation of important traits and clones selection in Populus deltoids, hydroponics crossing experiments in Populus deltoids, full-sib family experiments in Populus deltoids, study on variation analyswas based on traits of capsule in Populus deltoids, and half-sib family experiments in Populus deltoids.Using multi-trait selection, selected a few clones as parents for crossing, and through full-sib family by combining ability and half-sib family by progeny test, thus chose perior family synthetieally, in order to provide theoretical reference for Poplar breeding. The conclusions were as follows:
According to principal component analysis, composite score, membership function and grey relational analysis, we got eighteen clones that were large growth, high wood density and excellent straightness, such as 102-14、101-4、103-3、103-20、66-9、63-13、81-16、81-30、86-10、86-2、86-8、89-2、89-3、89-7、95-33、95-44、96-5、96-10 and so on , by selecting from 202 clones which were from Populus deltoids germplasm.
We could find capsules of all the crosses which male parent was S3702 were growing and developing better than others’, on the worse environment that room temperature was 30℃and relative humidity was 40%, through hydroponics crossing experiments in Populus deltoids. It showed that hybrid fruit of S3702 could stay at the Condition of high temperature, and low humidity. Typical correlation analysis based on branch nutritional factors and hybrid traits in Populus deltoids showed that the number of flower buds and diameter of female parent branches, had close relationship with the growth and development status of fruit, but nutritional status of branches had no obvious correlation with fruit set rate, and seed germination rate.
According to full-sib family by combining ability, it showed that 95-44 and 1-52 which had higher GCA could be used to build seed garden. 94-30&I-35, 1-52&S3244 and T120&95-44 which also had higher SCA could be used to build seed garden,and then crossed to gain superior hybrid which had good diameter and height for genetic selection. Therefore, we not only focused on the growth of parents, but also paid attention to the mating between the parents in order to obtain good progeny in the future.
By variance analysis based on the capsule traits in Populus deltoids, the results showed that the difference among 36 families was very large, also reflected that capsule traits were more abundant.
The results showed that diameter and height of half-sib families such as 94-18, T15, S373, S3127 was greater, by LSD multiple comparisons. Compwered to I-69, we found 14 half-sib families such as 87-6, 94-18, L232, L28, S3105, S3127, S3226, S3236, S3240, S3319, S3503, S373, S3814, T15 had significant difference, by Dunnet test. These 14 familes could be used for further testing within the family, to seclet good families and individuals for genetic improvement. According to annual seedling growth traits, we could divide 37 half-sib families into three groups by cluster analysis. Among 37 half-sib families, eight half-sib families such as 94-18, S3503, L28, S3127, S3319, S3814, S373, T15 had greater diameter and height.
引文
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