自升式平台悬臂梁接触计算
摘要
人类对能源的需求越来越大,对于海洋油气资源的探测和开发也随之越来越广泛和深入。其中,又以自升式平台的应用最为广泛。自升式平台上的悬臂梁,能有效地提高平台的作业范围和能力。因此,自升式平台悬臂梁连接形式的研究和设计,在当前来说是极具实际意义和经济价值的。而悬臂梁与甲板的连接部件与滑轨之间的接触分析,可以给研究和设计提供具体、详细的计算数据,从而进一步优化悬臂梁结构的连接形式。
在工程实际中校核悬臂梁强度时,对于连接结构之间的接触面,较为普遍的做法是使用梁单元和杆单元来简化模拟接触行为,或者直接不考虑接触。但是,接触是一个非常复杂的非线性行为,忽略接触的影响,会使计算结果与实际情况相差较大。
针对上述问题,本文介绍了接触分析的有限元计算的原理和方法,并以400英尺自升式平台为例,使用有限元计算软件ABAQUS6.8.1对悬臂梁与其支撑结构的接触行为进行数值仿真研究。先利用MSC. Patran2005建立悬臂梁、主甲板及其连接机构的有限元模型。然后利用Patran中与ABAQUS的接口,生成中间命令流文件。再将命令流导入ABAQUS中进行模型的装配和修改,对接触分析的关键参数进行设置,使用Standard分析模块进行计算。最后,将其计算结果与不考虑接触影响的线性有限元方法的计算结果进行对比,分析悬臂梁及其支撑结构的应力分布、整个系统的能量耗散以及接触面之间的接触力和摩擦力。由此发现,对悬臂梁进行非线性接触分析可以有效模拟接触位置的应力、变形以及系统的能量耗散,可以给研究和设计提供更准确、详细的计算数据。
Human demand for energy is growing. Exploration and exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources also will be more extensive and in-depth. Among them, the jack-up platform has been the most widely used. The cantilever on the jack-up platform can effectively improve the operating range and capabilities of the platform. Therefore, the t research and design of the connection form of the cantilever on the jack-up platform is of great practical significance and economic value. The contact analysis between the connecting structures of the cantilever and the main deck, could provide specific details of the calculation data to the research and design in order to optimize the connection form of cantilever.
When the strength of the cantilever is checked in engineering practice, on the contact surfaces between the connecting structures, the more common practice is to use the beam and bar elements to simplify the simulation of contact behavior, or directly to not consider contact behavior. However, the contact is a very complex nonlinear behavior. And ignoring the effects of the contact will make the calculation results quite different with the real one.
In response to the problem, this article describes the principles and methods of the finite element contact analysis. And with an example of a400feet jack-up platform, a study for numerical simulation of the contact behavior of the cantilever and its support structure has been done, using finite element software of ABAQUS6.8.1.
First, this article builds the finite element models of the cantilever, the main deck and connected institutions with MSC. Patran2005. And then,"inp" files are generated by the using of the interface of Patran and ABAQUS. After that, this article assembles and modifies the model which is input into ABAQUS with "inp" files, sets the key parameters of the contact analysis, and calculates with the Standard analysis module of ABAQUS. Finally, the calculation results are compared with the results by linear finite element method without considering the effects of the contact. This article analyzes the stress distribution of the cantilever and its supporting structure, the energy dissipation of the whole system as well as the contact surface between the contact force and friction force. Then, this article comes to a conclusion that the nonlinear finite element method for the contact analysis can effectively simulate the contact position of stress, deformation, and system energy dissipation, and is able to provide more accurate and detailed study and design calculations.
在工程实际中校核悬臂梁强度时,对于连接结构之间的接触面,较为普遍的做法是使用梁单元和杆单元来简化模拟接触行为,或者直接不考虑接触。但是,接触是一个非常复杂的非线性行为,忽略接触的影响,会使计算结果与实际情况相差较大。
针对上述问题,本文介绍了接触分析的有限元计算的原理和方法,并以400英尺自升式平台为例,使用有限元计算软件ABAQUS6.8.1对悬臂梁与其支撑结构的接触行为进行数值仿真研究。先利用MSC. Patran2005建立悬臂梁、主甲板及其连接机构的有限元模型。然后利用Patran中与ABAQUS的接口,生成中间命令流文件。再将命令流导入ABAQUS中进行模型的装配和修改,对接触分析的关键参数进行设置,使用Standard分析模块进行计算。最后,将其计算结果与不考虑接触影响的线性有限元方法的计算结果进行对比,分析悬臂梁及其支撑结构的应力分布、整个系统的能量耗散以及接触面之间的接触力和摩擦力。由此发现,对悬臂梁进行非线性接触分析可以有效模拟接触位置的应力、变形以及系统的能量耗散,可以给研究和设计提供更准确、详细的计算数据。
Human demand for energy is growing. Exploration and exploitation of offshore oil and gas resources also will be more extensive and in-depth. Among them, the jack-up platform has been the most widely used. The cantilever on the jack-up platform can effectively improve the operating range and capabilities of the platform. Therefore, the t research and design of the connection form of the cantilever on the jack-up platform is of great practical significance and economic value. The contact analysis between the connecting structures of the cantilever and the main deck, could provide specific details of the calculation data to the research and design in order to optimize the connection form of cantilever.
When the strength of the cantilever is checked in engineering practice, on the contact surfaces between the connecting structures, the more common practice is to use the beam and bar elements to simplify the simulation of contact behavior, or directly to not consider contact behavior. However, the contact is a very complex nonlinear behavior. And ignoring the effects of the contact will make the calculation results quite different with the real one.
In response to the problem, this article describes the principles and methods of the finite element contact analysis. And with an example of a400feet jack-up platform, a study for numerical simulation of the contact behavior of the cantilever and its support structure has been done, using finite element software of ABAQUS6.8.1.
First, this article builds the finite element models of the cantilever, the main deck and connected institutions with MSC. Patran2005. And then,"inp" files are generated by the using of the interface of Patran and ABAQUS. After that, this article assembles and modifies the model which is input into ABAQUS with "inp" files, sets the key parameters of the contact analysis, and calculates with the Standard analysis module of ABAQUS. Finally, the calculation results are compared with the results by linear finite element method without considering the effects of the contact. This article analyzes the stress distribution of the cantilever and its supporting structure, the energy dissipation of the whole system as well as the contact surface between the contact force and friction force. Then, this article comes to a conclusion that the nonlinear finite element method for the contact analysis can effectively simulate the contact position of stress, deformation, and system energy dissipation, and is able to provide more accurate and detailed study and design calculations.
引文
[1]王龙庭,王西录,梁会高,等.国外自升式悬臂梁钻井平台结构特点[J].海洋石油,2009,29(4)：89-93.
[2]任宪刚,白勇,贾鲁生.自升式钻井平台悬臂梁研究[J].传播力学,2011,15(4)：402-409.
[3]徐爽,畅元江,陈国明,等.基于ABAQUS的自升式平台上环梁接触非线性分析[J].石油机械,2009,37(9)：24-27.
[4]朱子宏,魏宪军.应用ABAQUS求解赫兹接触问题[J].机械,2009,36(3)：11-13.
[5]陈家庆.弹性接触问题的计算机辅助分析[J].机械科学与技术,2003,22(3)：427-430.
[6]K.L.Johnson. Contact Mechanics [M]. Cambridge:Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge,1985.
[7]冯登泰.接触力学的发展概况[J].力学进展,1987,17(4)：431-446.
[8]郭小明,赵惠麟.工程结构接触问题的研究及进展[J].东南大学学报,2003,33(5)：577-582.
[9]Peter Wriggers. Computational Contact Mechanics [M]. John Wliey & Sons Ltd,2002.
[10]A. Konyukhow, K. Schweizerhof. On a Geometrical Approach in Contact Mechanics [J]. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics,2006,27:23-30.
[11]E. B. Aleksandrow, V.G.Vil'ke, I.I.Kosenko. Hertzian contact problem:Numerical reduction and volumetric modification [J]. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics,2008,48(12):2226-2240.
[12]李显方Hertz接触问题的解得唯一性条件[J].应用力学学报,1994,11(1)：114-118.
[13]陈锦江,任成祖,徐燕申.数值计算赫兹接触问题的新方法[J].机床与液压,2004,1：42-43.
[14]王晓春,孔祥安.接触力学及其计算方法[J].西南交通大学学报,1996,31(3)：230-233.
[15]温卫东,高德平.接触问题数值分析方法的研究现状与发展[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1994,26(5)：664-675.
[16]徐延海,贾丽萍,张建武.基于接触面几何的接触问题解法[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(10)：131-134.
[17]徐延海,贾丽萍,张建武.基于接触面几何的接触问题解法[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(10)：131-134.
[18]Klaus Knothe, etc. The Latest Development of Wheel-Rail Contact Mechanics[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,2001,4(5):379-407.
[19]姜育松,苏超.工程接触问题数值分析方法[J].水利发电,2010,36(4)：75-78.
[20]庄茁,张帆,岑松,等.ABAQUS非线性分析有限元分析与实例[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[21]邵朋礼,房加志,汪建兵.关于结构有限元接触问题的一种解法研究[C]第五届中国CAE工程分析技术年会论文集,202-204.
[22]杨荣,孙明礼,蔡海鹏,等.有限元法在分析接触问题中的应用[J].制造业信息化,2011,1：50-51.
[23]刘展,赵腾伦,祖景平,等ABAQUS6.6基础教程与实例详解[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[24]宫龙颖ABAQUS接触问题浅析[J].中国煤炭,2009,35(7)：66-68.
[25]曹金凤,石亦平.ABAQUS有限元分析常见问题解答[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[26]石亦平,周玉蓉.ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[27]邱智学,黄菊花,谢世坤,等.ABAQUS壳单元在有限元分析中的应用研究[J].模具技术,2003,5：9-15.
[28]V. S. Hudramovych. Contact mechanics of shell structures under local loading [J]. International Applied Mechanics,2009,45(7):708-729.
[29]A. Munjiza. Contact mechanics for analysis of fracturing and fragmenting solids in the combined finite-discrere method [J]. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics,2006,27:49-61.
[30]刘兵山,黄聪,等Patran从入门到精通[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[31]ABAQUS Analysis User's Manual [R]. Version 6.8, Copyright 2008ABAQUS, Inc.
[32]李振学,夏先平,徐建生.滑动摩擦形变机理及计算方法[J].摩擦学学报,2002,22(4)：363-365.
[2]任宪刚,白勇,贾鲁生.自升式钻井平台悬臂梁研究[J].传播力学,2011,15(4)：402-409.
[3]徐爽,畅元江,陈国明,等.基于ABAQUS的自升式平台上环梁接触非线性分析[J].石油机械,2009,37(9)：24-27.
[4]朱子宏,魏宪军.应用ABAQUS求解赫兹接触问题[J].机械,2009,36(3)：11-13.
[5]陈家庆.弹性接触问题的计算机辅助分析[J].机械科学与技术,2003,22(3)：427-430.
[6]K.L.Johnson. Contact Mechanics [M]. Cambridge:Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge,1985.
[7]冯登泰.接触力学的发展概况[J].力学进展,1987,17(4)：431-446.
[8]郭小明,赵惠麟.工程结构接触问题的研究及进展[J].东南大学学报,2003,33(5)：577-582.
[9]Peter Wriggers. Computational Contact Mechanics [M]. John Wliey & Sons Ltd,2002.
[10]A. Konyukhow, K. Schweizerhof. On a Geometrical Approach in Contact Mechanics [J]. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics,2006,27:23-30.
[11]E. B. Aleksandrow, V.G.Vil'ke, I.I.Kosenko. Hertzian contact problem:Numerical reduction and volumetric modification [J]. Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Physics,2008,48(12):2226-2240.
[12]李显方Hertz接触问题的解得唯一性条件[J].应用力学学报,1994,11(1)：114-118.
[13]陈锦江,任成祖,徐燕申.数值计算赫兹接触问题的新方法[J].机床与液压,2004,1：42-43.
[14]王晓春,孔祥安.接触力学及其计算方法[J].西南交通大学学报,1996,31(3)：230-233.
[15]温卫东,高德平.接触问题数值分析方法的研究现状与发展[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1994,26(5)：664-675.
[16]徐延海,贾丽萍,张建武.基于接触面几何的接触问题解法[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(10)：131-134.
[17]徐延海,贾丽萍,张建武.基于接触面几何的接触问题解法[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(10)：131-134.
[18]Klaus Knothe, etc. The Latest Development of Wheel-Rail Contact Mechanics[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics,2001,4(5):379-407.
[19]姜育松,苏超.工程接触问题数值分析方法[J].水利发电,2010,36(4)：75-78.
[20]庄茁,张帆,岑松,等.ABAQUS非线性分析有限元分析与实例[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[21]邵朋礼,房加志,汪建兵.关于结构有限元接触问题的一种解法研究[C]第五届中国CAE工程分析技术年会论文集,202-204.
[22]杨荣,孙明礼,蔡海鹏,等.有限元法在分析接触问题中的应用[J].制造业信息化,2011,1：50-51.
[23]刘展,赵腾伦,祖景平,等ABAQUS6.6基础教程与实例详解[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[24]宫龙颖ABAQUS接触问题浅析[J].中国煤炭,2009,35(7)：66-68.
[25]曹金凤,石亦平.ABAQUS有限元分析常见问题解答[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2009.
[26]石亦平,周玉蓉.ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006.
[27]邱智学,黄菊花,谢世坤,等.ABAQUS壳单元在有限元分析中的应用研究[J].模具技术,2003,5：9-15.
[28]V. S. Hudramovych. Contact mechanics of shell structures under local loading [J]. International Applied Mechanics,2009,45(7):708-729.
[29]A. Munjiza. Contact mechanics for analysis of fracturing and fragmenting solids in the combined finite-discrere method [J]. Lecture Notes in Applied and Computational Mechanics,2006,27:49-61.
[30]刘兵山,黄聪,等Patran从入门到精通[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[31]ABAQUS Analysis User's Manual [R]. Version 6.8, Copyright 2008ABAQUS, Inc.
[32]李振学,夏先平,徐建生.滑动摩擦形变机理及计算方法[J].摩擦学学报,2002,22(4)：363-365.