300m测程小型化脉冲半导体激光测距机研制
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摘要
本文在全面分析激光测距机国内外研究现状的基础上,根据技术需求和测距原理,完成了飞行时间(TOF)测量技术研究和激光测距机的设计工作,开发了探测灵敏度自动调整算法和数据统计算法提高系统的抗日光干扰能力,通过验证试验表明,设计的各项指标达到了预期要求。主要工作和创新点如下:
a)设计了基于抽头延时内插技术的飞行时间测量模块,实现了高精度时间测量,在-40℃～+60℃温度范围内达到了1ns测量精度;
b)开发了测距机的激光发射、接收以及信息处理电路板,编程实现了测距机的嵌入式软件系统;
c)研究了探测灵敏度自动调整算法和距离数据统计算法,提高了测距机的抗日光干扰能力,解决了限定体积情况下的测距能力不足问题,达到了不小于300m测程的要求;
d)完成了测距机的集成,进行了测距机的光学系统和整机的调试试验,结果表明各项指标均达到了研制目标要求。
Based on the comprehensive analysis of the research status of the laser rangefinder at home and abroad,and fully considering the technique requirements and the range finding theory, the development and miniaturization of pulsed semiconductor laser rangefinder using the time of flight (TOF) theory is completed. The main work and innovation include:
a) The module for measuring time of flight is designed based on the tap delay interpolation techniques. In temperature range -40℃to +60℃, the measurement precision can reach 1ns precision;
b) The PCB for the laser emitting, laser receiving and signal processing is designed, and the embedded software system is implemented.
c) The algorithms for detecting sensitivity automatic adjustment and the distance data statistics are researched, laser rangefinder’s ability of anti-disturbance of sun light is improved, and the problem that measuring range cannot meet requirement under the condition of volume constraint is solved, and so the measuring distance can meet 300 meters;
e) The integration of laser rangefinder is completed, the experiments including optics test, whole system test. The experimental results show that laser rangefinder designed in this paper can satisfy the research requirements.
a)设计了基于抽头延时内插技术的飞行时间测量模块,实现了高精度时间测量,在-40℃～+60℃温度范围内达到了1ns测量精度;
b)开发了测距机的激光发射、接收以及信息处理电路板,编程实现了测距机的嵌入式软件系统;
c)研究了探测灵敏度自动调整算法和距离数据统计算法,提高了测距机的抗日光干扰能力,解决了限定体积情况下的测距能力不足问题,达到了不小于300m测程的要求;
d)完成了测距机的集成,进行了测距机的光学系统和整机的调试试验,结果表明各项指标均达到了研制目标要求。
Based on the comprehensive analysis of the research status of the laser rangefinder at home and abroad,and fully considering the technique requirements and the range finding theory, the development and miniaturization of pulsed semiconductor laser rangefinder using the time of flight (TOF) theory is completed. The main work and innovation include:
a) The module for measuring time of flight is designed based on the tap delay interpolation techniques. In temperature range -40℃to +60℃, the measurement precision can reach 1ns precision;
b) The PCB for the laser emitting, laser receiving and signal processing is designed, and the embedded software system is implemented.
c) The algorithms for detecting sensitivity automatic adjustment and the distance data statistics are researched, laser rangefinder’s ability of anti-disturbance of sun light is improved, and the problem that measuring range cannot meet requirement under the condition of volume constraint is solved, and so the measuring distance can meet 300 meters;
e) The integration of laser rangefinder is completed, the experiments including optics test, whole system test. The experimental results show that laser rangefinder designed in this paper can satisfy the research requirements.
引文
[1]虞静,江虹,唐丹,一种提高脉冲激光测距中时间测量精度的方法,河南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(1):18-22
[2]王丽,徐安涛,激光器的发展及激光测距的方法,焦作大学学报,2007,4:55-56
[3]陈千颂,杨成伟,激光飞行时间测距关键技术进展,激光与红外,2002,31(1):7-10
[4]戴永江,激光雷达原理,北京,中国农业出版社,2002,23(3):60-61
[5]任明冰,半导体脉冲激光测距机硬件电路设计,[硕士学位论文],南京理工大学,2004
[6]裴雷,半导体激光测距系统研究,[硕士学位论文],长春理工大学,2009
[7]冯爱明,张在宣,余向东、王剑锋,低值LD激光测距望远镜,物理实验,2003,23(8):24-27
[8]陈利,半导体激光测距回波信号处理技术研究,[硕士学位论文],长春理工大学,2008
[9]许中胜,钟声远,段育红、官庆,张伟,新型激光测距模式的应用研究,舰船电子工程,2009,178(4):178-180
[10]刘锋,脉冲半导体激光测距机的研制及应用,红外与激光工程,2003,32(2):118-122
[11]杨佩,基于TDC-GP2的高精度脉冲激光测距系统研究,[硕士学位论文],西安电子科技大学,2010
[12] Kyomasu M(1995) Development of an integrated high speed silicon PIN photodiode sensor,IEEE transaction on Electron Devices 42:1093-1099
[13]杨成伟,陈千颂等,脉冲激光测距时间间隔测量及误差分析,红外与激光工程,2003,Vol.32(2):123-126
[14] I. Muntranu,S.Miclo. Portable laser rangfinder short pluse mrasurements,SPRE Vol.5227:452-455
[15]杜高社,高玮,脉冲激光测距中时间放大技术试验研究,应用光学,2003,Vol.24(5):16-19
[16]郑峰,脉冲式激光测距系统中高精度时间测量技术研究,[硕士学位论文],长春理工大学,2006
[17] TDC-GP2用户手册,2007年1月11日
[18]潘琢金译, C8051F120/1/2/3/4/5/6/7,C8051F130/1/2/3系列混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册,沈阳航空工业学院计算机学院,Rev 1.3 2004.12
[19] MAXIM,Single/Dual, Ultra-Fast, Low-Power,Precision TTL Comparators,MAX912/913
[20] FTDI Chip,FT245BM USB FIFO ( USB - Parallel ) I.C.
[21]谢维成,杨加国,单片机原理与应用及C51程序设计,清华大学出版社,2006-08
[22] OSRAM,Nanostack Pulsed Laser Diode in Plastic Package 75 W Peak Power, SPL PL90_3,2007
[23] Pacific Silicon Sensor, Part Description AD500-9-TO52-S1,Order # 06-008,2010
[24] MAXIM,Dual 256-Tap Nonvolatiale I2C-Interface,Digital Potentiometers, MAX5477/5478/5479
[25] National Semiconductor,LM2576/LM2576HV Series Simple Switcher 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator,1996
[26] National Semiconductor,LM2937 500 mA Low Dropout Regulator,2000
[27] ANALOG DEVICES,High-Accuracy Ultralow IQ, 1.5 A, anyCAP Low Dropout Regulator
[28] MAXIM,5V/12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Controllers,MAX770-773
[29]卢泽民,时间间隔测量系统用于激光测距及其误差分析,红外与激光工程,2001,Vol.30(1):37-39
[2]王丽,徐安涛,激光器的发展及激光测距的方法,焦作大学学报,2007,4:55-56
[3]陈千颂,杨成伟,激光飞行时间测距关键技术进展,激光与红外,2002,31(1):7-10
[4]戴永江,激光雷达原理,北京,中国农业出版社,2002,23(3):60-61
[5]任明冰,半导体脉冲激光测距机硬件电路设计,[硕士学位论文],南京理工大学,2004
[6]裴雷,半导体激光测距系统研究,[硕士学位论文],长春理工大学,2009
[7]冯爱明,张在宣,余向东、王剑锋,低值LD激光测距望远镜,物理实验,2003,23(8):24-27
[8]陈利,半导体激光测距回波信号处理技术研究,[硕士学位论文],长春理工大学,2008
[9]许中胜,钟声远,段育红、官庆,张伟,新型激光测距模式的应用研究,舰船电子工程,2009,178(4):178-180
[10]刘锋,脉冲半导体激光测距机的研制及应用,红外与激光工程,2003,32(2):118-122
[11]杨佩,基于TDC-GP2的高精度脉冲激光测距系统研究,[硕士学位论文],西安电子科技大学,2010
[12] Kyomasu M(1995) Development of an integrated high speed silicon PIN photodiode sensor,IEEE transaction on Electron Devices 42:1093-1099
[13]杨成伟,陈千颂等,脉冲激光测距时间间隔测量及误差分析,红外与激光工程,2003,Vol.32(2):123-126
[14] I. Muntranu,S.Miclo. Portable laser rangfinder short pluse mrasurements,SPRE Vol.5227:452-455
[15]杜高社,高玮,脉冲激光测距中时间放大技术试验研究,应用光学,2003,Vol.24(5):16-19
[16]郑峰,脉冲式激光测距系统中高精度时间测量技术研究,[硕士学位论文],长春理工大学,2006
[17] TDC-GP2用户手册,2007年1月11日
[18]潘琢金译, C8051F120/1/2/3/4/5/6/7,C8051F130/1/2/3系列混合信号ISP FLASH微控制器数据手册,沈阳航空工业学院计算机学院,Rev 1.3 2004.12
[19] MAXIM,Single/Dual, Ultra-Fast, Low-Power,Precision TTL Comparators,MAX912/913
[20] FTDI Chip,FT245BM USB FIFO ( USB - Parallel ) I.C.
[21]谢维成,杨加国,单片机原理与应用及C51程序设计,清华大学出版社,2006-08
[22] OSRAM,Nanostack Pulsed Laser Diode in Plastic Package 75 W Peak Power, SPL PL90_3,2007
[23] Pacific Silicon Sensor, Part Description AD500-9-TO52-S1,Order # 06-008,2010
[24] MAXIM,Dual 256-Tap Nonvolatiale I2C-Interface,Digital Potentiometers, MAX5477/5478/5479
[25] National Semiconductor,LM2576/LM2576HV Series Simple Switcher 3A Step-Down Voltage Regulator,1996
[26] National Semiconductor,LM2937 500 mA Low Dropout Regulator,2000
[27] ANALOG DEVICES,High-Accuracy Ultralow IQ, 1.5 A, anyCAP Low Dropout Regulator
[28] MAXIM,5V/12V/15V or Adjustable, High-Efficiency,Low IQ, Step-Up DC-DC Controllers,MAX770-773
[29]卢泽民,时间间隔测量系统用于激光测距及其误差分析,红外与激光工程,2001,Vol.30(1):37-39