高炉炉顶料位非接触测量研究
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摘要
本文在非接触测量领域中常用的激光测距技术着手,分析激光测距技术中常用的几种测距方法,重点介绍了已获得广泛应用的脉冲激光测距技术,详细论述了近年来提出的自触发脉冲飞行时间激光测距技术,特别是其中的双自触发脉冲激光测距技术。依据其原理,采用现代电子设计方法,对电路基本的硬件和软件算法进行设计。
首先,在激光发射方面,使用先进的激光二极管和高性能驱动芯片产生高质量的光脉冲作为测距信号;其次,在光信号接收方面,使用对特殊波长响应度极高的低噪声的雪崩二极管作为接收器件,利用高带宽信号放大芯片对信号进行放大,并结合高速比较器来提取有用信号;再次,采用大规模可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)来进行计数,实现高精度的脉冲飞行时间的测量;最后,选用高性能的单片机完成数据的处理及相关的试验装置设计。
This thesis begins with a general survey of laser range-finding technology in the non-contact measurement, followed by the recent development of self-triggering pulsed time-of-flight laser range-finding technology, with the emphasis on binary self-triggering pulsed laser range-finding technology. Based on binary self-triggering pulsed laser range-finding principle and the modern electronic design method, this thesis is to re-design hardware algorithm and software algorithm in circuit.
Firstly, in laser emission unit, high quality optical pulses, generated by advanced laser diode and high performance driving chips, serve as range-finding signals; secondly, in light signal reception unit, low noise avalanche diode, due to its high responsivity to special wavelength, acts as optical receiver, extracting useful signal with the combination of high bandwidth amplifier and high speed comparator; thirdly, with the adoption of FPGA for counting, high accuracy pulse time-of-flight measurement is achieved; lastly, high performance microcontroller is used for data-processing and relevant experiment device design.
首先,在激光发射方面,使用先进的激光二极管和高性能驱动芯片产生高质量的光脉冲作为测距信号;其次,在光信号接收方面,使用对特殊波长响应度极高的低噪声的雪崩二极管作为接收器件,利用高带宽信号放大芯片对信号进行放大,并结合高速比较器来提取有用信号;再次,采用大规模可编程逻辑器件(FPGA)来进行计数,实现高精度的脉冲飞行时间的测量;最后,选用高性能的单片机完成数据的处理及相关的试验装置设计。
This thesis begins with a general survey of laser range-finding technology in the non-contact measurement, followed by the recent development of self-triggering pulsed time-of-flight laser range-finding technology, with the emphasis on binary self-triggering pulsed laser range-finding technology. Based on binary self-triggering pulsed laser range-finding principle and the modern electronic design method, this thesis is to re-design hardware algorithm and software algorithm in circuit.
Firstly, in laser emission unit, high quality optical pulses, generated by advanced laser diode and high performance driving chips, serve as range-finding signals; secondly, in light signal reception unit, low noise avalanche diode, due to its high responsivity to special wavelength, acts as optical receiver, extracting useful signal with the combination of high bandwidth amplifier and high speed comparator; thirdly, with the adoption of FPGA for counting, high accuracy pulse time-of-flight measurement is achieved; lastly, high performance microcontroller is used for data-processing and relevant experiment device design.
引文
[1] 郑力会,张洪杰 光电一体化测量钻井液滤饼厚度的技术研究 石油天然气 学报 2006(3)404-406.
[2] 林溪波.激光技术应用综述.上海航天. 1996(2).48-50.
[3] 王世峰. 基于FPGA的双自触发脉冲激光测距关键技术研究. 硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2005,4.
[4] 侯伯亨,顾新 VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计——电子工程师必备知识(修订版)[M] 西安 西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[5] 吕立宁.FPGA在相位激光测距信号处理技术中的应用.硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2005,5.
[6] 陈千颂,杨成伟,潘志文等.激光飞行时间测距关键技术进展. 激光与红外. 2002,2,32(1).7-10.
[7] 霍玉晶,陈千颂,潘志文.脉冲激光雷达的时间间隔测量综述. 激光与红外. 2001,6,31(3).136-139.
[8] 刘泉,朱轶文,杨亚莉. 炼钢转炉炉衬激光测厚系统设计与研究 武汉理工大学学报 2001,23(12):64-67.
[9] 陈千颂,赵大龙,杨成伟等.自触发脉冲飞行时间激光测距技术研究.中国激光.2004,6.31(6).745-748.
[10] 陈千颂,赵大龙,秦来贵等. 单自触发脉冲激光测距技术. 激光与红外.2003,10,33(5).339-342.
[11] 任明冰.半导体脉冲激光测距机的硬件电路设计. 硕士学位论文.南京理工大学.2004,2.
[12] 章正宇,睦晓林.激光测距弱信号数字相关检测技术的研究和仿真,中国激光, 2002,7:29(7).
[13] 郭冠军,李树楷.利用硅雪崩二极管检测激光脉冲信号,中国激光,2002,6, 29(6).
[14] MIC4451/4452 12A-Peak Low-Side MOSFET Driver Bipolar/CMOS/DMOS Process.Micrel. April 1998.
[15] 江月松,阎平,刘振玉.光电技术与实验,北京理工大学出版社2000,9:35-57.
[16] Avalanche Photodiodes: A User′s Guide, PerkinElmer.
[17] Different Videl Amplifiers,Teas Instrument,200,3.
[18] MAX912/MAX913 Single/Dual, Ultra-Fast, Low-Power Precision TTL Comparators Maxim , 1994.
[19] 路而红.专用集成电路设计与电子设计自动化.清华大学出版社,2004.
[20] 褚振勇等.FPGA设计及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[21] FLEX 10K Embedded Programmable Logic Device Family. Altera Corporation. 2003.
[22] 王诚,吴继华,范丽珍等.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计.人民邮电出版社.2005.7:187-202.
[23] P89LV51RD2 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Philips 2003.
[2] 林溪波.激光技术应用综述.上海航天. 1996(2).48-50.
[3] 王世峰. 基于FPGA的双自触发脉冲激光测距关键技术研究. 硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2005,4.
[4] 侯伯亨,顾新 VHDL硬件描述语言与数字逻辑电路设计——电子工程师必备知识(修订版)[M] 西安 西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[5] 吕立宁.FPGA在相位激光测距信号处理技术中的应用.硕士学位论文.华中科技大学.2005,5.
[6] 陈千颂,杨成伟,潘志文等.激光飞行时间测距关键技术进展. 激光与红外. 2002,2,32(1).7-10.
[7] 霍玉晶,陈千颂,潘志文.脉冲激光雷达的时间间隔测量综述. 激光与红外. 2001,6,31(3).136-139.
[8] 刘泉,朱轶文,杨亚莉. 炼钢转炉炉衬激光测厚系统设计与研究 武汉理工大学学报 2001,23(12):64-67.
[9] 陈千颂,赵大龙,杨成伟等.自触发脉冲飞行时间激光测距技术研究.中国激光.2004,6.31(6).745-748.
[10] 陈千颂,赵大龙,秦来贵等. 单自触发脉冲激光测距技术. 激光与红外.2003,10,33(5).339-342.
[11] 任明冰.半导体脉冲激光测距机的硬件电路设计. 硕士学位论文.南京理工大学.2004,2.
[12] 章正宇,睦晓林.激光测距弱信号数字相关检测技术的研究和仿真,中国激光, 2002,7:29(7).
[13] 郭冠军,李树楷.利用硅雪崩二极管检测激光脉冲信号,中国激光,2002,6, 29(6).
[14] MIC4451/4452 12A-Peak Low-Side MOSFET Driver Bipolar/CMOS/DMOS Process.Micrel. April 1998.
[15] 江月松,阎平,刘振玉.光电技术与实验,北京理工大学出版社2000,9:35-57.
[16] Avalanche Photodiodes: A User′s Guide, PerkinElmer.
[17] Different Videl Amplifiers,Teas Instrument,200,3.
[18] MAX912/MAX913 Single/Dual, Ultra-Fast, Low-Power Precision TTL Comparators Maxim , 1994.
[19] 路而红.专用集成电路设计与电子设计自动化.清华大学出版社,2004.
[20] 褚振勇等.FPGA设计及应用.西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[21] FLEX 10K Embedded Programmable Logic Device Family. Altera Corporation. 2003.
[22] 王诚,吴继华,范丽珍等.Altera FPGA/CPLD设计.人民邮电出版社.2005.7:187-202.
[23] P89LV51RD2 8-bit microcontrollers with 80C51 core Philips 2003.