中国买氏藓亚科植物分类及区系地理分布研究
摘要
本文主要根据采自中国境内的买氏藓亚科植物标本,在查阅大量文献的基础上,以经典植物分类学方法为主,参考植物形态学、解剖学和植物地理学等方面的资料,以买氏藓亚科现行的分类系统为依据,对中国分布的买氏藓亚科植物进行了系统的分类研究和修订。
买氏藓亚科植物体多细小,是丛藓科中较为进化的类群,占有重要的分类学地位。对买氏藓亚科植物区系进行详细的调查和研究,不仅能为中国物种多样性保护提供基础资料,而且还能为开展买氏藓亚科植物生理学、发育学和系统演化等相关研究提供标本素材。但是,由于多型性、同一物种在不同生境下的个体差异、模糊的地理分布和许多标本的不育性等问题导致了买氏藓亚科分类鉴定存在较多问题。
本次研究共发现中国买氏藓亚科植物13属,73种7变种,其中内蒙古及其他省区新记录共5种。本文给出了属、种分类检索表,每个分类群均有详细的产地、标本编号和分类学讨论。
对已知买氏藓亚科植物区系成分进行了分析,在中国买氏藓亚科植物区系组成中,含9种以上的优势属4个,扭口藓属Barbula、红叶藓属Bryoerythrophyllum、对齿藓属Didymodon、石灰藓属Hydrogonium共含57种,占总种数的71.25%。其中对齿藓属是第一大属,种数达26种,占总种数的32.50%。从种的组成上可划分为世界广布成分(7.50%)、热带亚洲--热带美洲成分(2.50%)、热带亚洲和非洲成分(2.50%)、热带亚洲成分(7.50%)、北温带成分(23.75%)、旧世界温带成分(1.25%)、东亚—北美成分(8.75%)、东亚成分(25.00%)、温带亚洲成分(2.50%)和中国特有成分(18.75%)。中国买氏藓亚科植物区系表现出明显的温带区系特征,并且东亚成分和北温带成分占主导地位。通过对中国买氏藓亚科植物地理分布的统计表明：云贵区种数最多,67种(83.75%),青藏区次之,59种(73.75%),东北区最少,28种(35.00%)；其中种数最丰富的省区为西藏,58种(72.50%),四川次之,56种(70.00%)。在区系亲缘关系上与前苏联、日本和北美洲较为接近,与阿尔泰山地区最为疏远。
Detailed investigation and research on the flora of Merceyoideae will provide not only basic information to the protection of species diversity but also samples for studying physiology, developmental biology and phylogeny of Pottiaceae. However, there are lots of difficulties in traditional Merceyoideae classification and identification due to intrinsic problems such as polymorphy, taxonomic importance of anatomical characters, obscure areolation, and sterility of many specimens.
According to statistics,13 genera,73 species and 7 varieties of the family are considered to be taxonomically recognizable entitles in China.5 species are new to Inner Mongolia and other provinces. Keys to the genera and species, herbarium numbers of collection and detailed discussion are given.
The author conducted a preliminary analysis of the Merceyoideae components. In Chinese moss species composition,4 dominant genera(over and including 9 species) Barbula,Bryoerythrophyllum,Didymodon,Hydrogonium consist of 57 species, which make up 71.25% of the total number. Didymodon is the first major genera, of 26 species, which occupies 32.50% of the total number.
The species of Merceyoideae could be grouped into 10 distribution types as Cosmopolitan (7.50%),Tropical Asian—Tropical American elements (2.50%), Tropical Asian—African elements (2.50%), Tropical Asian elements (7.50%),North Temperate elements (23.75%), Old World Temperate elements (1.25%), Asian and North American elements (8.75%), East Asian elements (25.00%),Temperate Asian elements (2.50%) and Endemic to China (18.75%).
The Merceyoideae in Chinese Autonomous Region shows distinct characteristics of those in Temperate Zone, and the East Asia elements and North Temperate elements play an important role. The statistics of geographical distribution indicate that Yun-Gui region had the highest species diversity (67 species,83.75%), the Qingzang region (59 species,73.75%) is second to it, and the lowest diversity appears in Northeast region (28 species 35.00%).And Xizang had the highest species(58 species,72.50%), the second one was Sichuan Province (56 species,70.00%).The similarity coefficient of species shows that the flora of China is closer to those in USSR, Japan and North America, but farthest to Altai. Mt.
买氏藓亚科植物体多细小,是丛藓科中较为进化的类群,占有重要的分类学地位。对买氏藓亚科植物区系进行详细的调查和研究,不仅能为中国物种多样性保护提供基础资料,而且还能为开展买氏藓亚科植物生理学、发育学和系统演化等相关研究提供标本素材。但是,由于多型性、同一物种在不同生境下的个体差异、模糊的地理分布和许多标本的不育性等问题导致了买氏藓亚科分类鉴定存在较多问题。
本次研究共发现中国买氏藓亚科植物13属,73种7变种,其中内蒙古及其他省区新记录共5种。本文给出了属、种分类检索表,每个分类群均有详细的产地、标本编号和分类学讨论。
对已知买氏藓亚科植物区系成分进行了分析,在中国买氏藓亚科植物区系组成中,含9种以上的优势属4个,扭口藓属Barbula、红叶藓属Bryoerythrophyllum、对齿藓属Didymodon、石灰藓属Hydrogonium共含57种,占总种数的71.25%。其中对齿藓属是第一大属,种数达26种,占总种数的32.50%。从种的组成上可划分为世界广布成分(7.50%)、热带亚洲--热带美洲成分(2.50%)、热带亚洲和非洲成分(2.50%)、热带亚洲成分(7.50%)、北温带成分(23.75%)、旧世界温带成分(1.25%)、东亚—北美成分(8.75%)、东亚成分(25.00%)、温带亚洲成分(2.50%)和中国特有成分(18.75%)。中国买氏藓亚科植物区系表现出明显的温带区系特征,并且东亚成分和北温带成分占主导地位。通过对中国买氏藓亚科植物地理分布的统计表明：云贵区种数最多,67种(83.75%),青藏区次之,59种(73.75%),东北区最少,28种(35.00%)；其中种数最丰富的省区为西藏,58种(72.50%),四川次之,56种(70.00%)。在区系亲缘关系上与前苏联、日本和北美洲较为接近,与阿尔泰山地区最为疏远。
Detailed investigation and research on the flora of Merceyoideae will provide not only basic information to the protection of species diversity but also samples for studying physiology, developmental biology and phylogeny of Pottiaceae. However, there are lots of difficulties in traditional Merceyoideae classification and identification due to intrinsic problems such as polymorphy, taxonomic importance of anatomical characters, obscure areolation, and sterility of many specimens.
According to statistics,13 genera,73 species and 7 varieties of the family are considered to be taxonomically recognizable entitles in China.5 species are new to Inner Mongolia and other provinces. Keys to the genera and species, herbarium numbers of collection and detailed discussion are given.
The author conducted a preliminary analysis of the Merceyoideae components. In Chinese moss species composition,4 dominant genera(over and including 9 species) Barbula,Bryoerythrophyllum,Didymodon,Hydrogonium consist of 57 species, which make up 71.25% of the total number. Didymodon is the first major genera, of 26 species, which occupies 32.50% of the total number.
The species of Merceyoideae could be grouped into 10 distribution types as Cosmopolitan (7.50%),Tropical Asian—Tropical American elements (2.50%), Tropical Asian—African elements (2.50%), Tropical Asian elements (7.50%),North Temperate elements (23.75%), Old World Temperate elements (1.25%), Asian and North American elements (8.75%), East Asian elements (25.00%),Temperate Asian elements (2.50%) and Endemic to China (18.75%).
The Merceyoideae in Chinese Autonomous Region shows distinct characteristics of those in Temperate Zone, and the East Asia elements and North Temperate elements play an important role. The statistics of geographical distribution indicate that Yun-Gui region had the highest species diversity (67 species,83.75%), the Qingzang region (59 species,73.75%) is second to it, and the lowest diversity appears in Northeast region (28 species 35.00%).And Xizang had the highest species(58 species,72.50%), the second one was Sichuan Province (56 species,70.00%).The similarity coefficient of species shows that the flora of China is closer to those in USSR, Japan and North America, but farthest to Altai. Mt.
引文
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