基于GIS的机群智能化施工监控系统的研究与实现
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摘要
本文取材于国家“863”计划重大专项“机群智能化工程机械”项目。机群的协调工作很大程度上影响到整个工程的进度和质量,而我国在道路建设和管理方法上比较落后,传统施工方式中,施工机械的配置具有一定的随意性,单机之间又几乎相互独立。为了保证施工质量和进度,提高机群的动态管理水平,迫切需要寻找方法以实现机群的优化配置和合理调度,从而提高施工质量,降低施工成本。
设计的智能化监控系统较好地解决了传统的单机作业的许多弊端,具有较先进水平的机群施工管理前景。研究内容具体来说主要有:
1.使每台单机都能利用众多的传感器和GPS 定位设备根据需要采集自身的位置信息或状态参数,这种自身智能化的单机工作为机群智能化建立了基础;
2.确定系统的通信方案,应用了先进的GSM 全球移动通信技术、数传电台通讯技术以及计算机无线网络通信,实现机群各单机之间以及与监控中心之间的双向通信;
3.通过对系统以及相关技术的分析研究,选用合适的GPS 定位设备以及相应的硬件配置并正确装备,以满足系统要求。在硬件基础上用VB 编制机群智能化施工监控系统程序, 结合数据库技术和GIS 技术实现对机群的实时可视化监视和及时调度,并可方便地调出各机械设备的实时参数;
本文提出的基于GIS 的机群监控系统及其程序设计已经完成,并在实践中得到了验证。
This article is based on National High Technology Foundation of China, “Intelligent Machinery Group for Asphalt Paving Construction”. As we know, the cooperation of all kinds of machinery is so important that can affect the efficiency and quality of paving. But the management of road construction lags behind relatively in our country, and the arrangement of the machines is not very reasonable. There is rare relation between machines. So it becomes very urgent to find a way to promote the road quality and cut down the construction cost accordingly.
The paper designs a monitoring system, which can resolve the problems well. The design includes the following steps:
1. Equip each machine with electrical sensors or GPS equipments to make them intelligent. Without intelligent machine, without the intelligent machinery group.
2. The system applies several advanced communication technology like: global system for mobile communication (GSM), the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and the digital radio station technology to communication each other or between machinery group and monitoring center.
3. According the requirement of the actual conditions, the system applies the suitable GPS equipment and other hardware. Then design the monitoring system in VB language combining with the GIS and database technology. The system can get the position and other parameter of the machines at any moment. Therefore it can make dynamic organization and intelligent management remotely.
This monitoring system based on GIS has been accomplished. And the system has been verified during the using course.
设计的智能化监控系统较好地解决了传统的单机作业的许多弊端,具有较先进水平的机群施工管理前景。研究内容具体来说主要有:
1.使每台单机都能利用众多的传感器和GPS 定位设备根据需要采集自身的位置信息或状态参数,这种自身智能化的单机工作为机群智能化建立了基础;
2.确定系统的通信方案,应用了先进的GSM 全球移动通信技术、数传电台通讯技术以及计算机无线网络通信,实现机群各单机之间以及与监控中心之间的双向通信;
3.通过对系统以及相关技术的分析研究,选用合适的GPS 定位设备以及相应的硬件配置并正确装备,以满足系统要求。在硬件基础上用VB 编制机群智能化施工监控系统程序, 结合数据库技术和GIS 技术实现对机群的实时可视化监视和及时调度,并可方便地调出各机械设备的实时参数;
本文提出的基于GIS 的机群监控系统及其程序设计已经完成,并在实践中得到了验证。
This article is based on National High Technology Foundation of China, “Intelligent Machinery Group for Asphalt Paving Construction”. As we know, the cooperation of all kinds of machinery is so important that can affect the efficiency and quality of paving. But the management of road construction lags behind relatively in our country, and the arrangement of the machines is not very reasonable. There is rare relation between machines. So it becomes very urgent to find a way to promote the road quality and cut down the construction cost accordingly.
The paper designs a monitoring system, which can resolve the problems well. The design includes the following steps:
1. Equip each machine with electrical sensors or GPS equipments to make them intelligent. Without intelligent machine, without the intelligent machinery group.
2. The system applies several advanced communication technology like: global system for mobile communication (GSM), the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and the digital radio station technology to communication each other or between machinery group and monitoring center.
3. According the requirement of the actual conditions, the system applies the suitable GPS equipment and other hardware. Then design the monitoring system in VB language combining with the GIS and database technology. The system can get the position and other parameter of the machines at any moment. Therefore it can make dynamic organization and intelligent management remotely.
This monitoring system based on GIS has been accomplished. And the system has been verified during the using course.
引文
[1] 郭小宏,朱战良,鞠萍.高等级公路机械化施工技术.北京:人民交通出版社.2001,3-5
[2] 胡长顺,黄辉华.高等级公路路基路面施工技术.北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[3] P. Samuel. Unit Prices Key to US Marker for In-Vehicle Guidance.ITS International,1996(6)57-58
[4] 张志伟,芮延年,任芸丹.基于人工智能工程机械优化调度方法的研究.苏州大学学报(工科版),2004,24(5):128-130
[5] 郭小宏,郭嘉银,杜真德.高等级沥青混凝土路面机械化施工的理论及实践(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ).重庆: 重庆交通学院学报,1994(3,4),1995(1,2)
[6] 郭伟,喻道远,徐晓光.基于GIS 的机群优化配置系统.筑路机械与施工机械化,2002,19(5):8-10
[7] 李冰,贺尚红,吴运新等.沥青混凝土路面施工机群智能调度与监控系统.筑路机械与施工机械化,2003(6):18
[8] I.Catling. Advanced Technology for Road Transport. Norwood, MA:Artech House.1994.210-216
[9] 张守信.GPS 卫星测量定位理论与应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社.1996, 1-20
[10] 刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,108-112
[11] 胡志刚, 张晓斌. 路面施工机械机群智能控制系统. 计算机工程,2003,29(19):32-34
[12] 朱福民, 郑惠强. 基于GIS/GPS 的建筑机械远程管理系统. 经营管理,2004(2):54-55
[13] 张昱, 朱福民.工程施工用电子地图的便捷实现方法. 太原:山西建筑:2005,31(4):215
[14] 马铸,李锁云,张文明.机群智能化工程机械体系结构和关键技术.农业机械学报,2003,34(5):137-138
[15] 刘经南,葛茂荣.广域差分GPS 的数据处理方法及结果分析.测绘工程,1998(6):57-61
[16] 徐爱民,吕志平,石善斌. 基于MapX 的道路修测系统的设计与实现.海洋测绘,2003,23(6):31-33
[17] 王东霞,贺金龙,窦文华.无线局域网技术.现代通信,1997(1):9-10
[18] 尹鹏飞, 李军. 实现GPS 接收机与微机间的通信. 电脑开发与应 用,2004,17(3):11-14
[19] 郑堤,唐可洪.机电一体化设计基础.北京:机械工业出版社.2001.10
[20] 饶运清,徐晓光,喻道远.基于集群通信的机群控制与智能化管理系统.机电一体化,2002(3):42-44
[21] 唐阳.无线局域网的应用模式及其市场发展预期.世界电信,2001(12):19-21
[22] 林阳.无线互联网:支撑远程教育的新平台[J].现代教育技术,2002, (3 ): 37-38
[23] 傅春常, 马瑜. 基于MapX 的高速公路监控系统的设计. 微机发展,2003,13(10):110
[24] 史建民,黄有方,嘉红霞. RS-232 串口设备远程通讯功能的实现.起重运输机械,2003(6):31-32
[25] 李润平.数传电台在计算机监控中的应用.电气传动自动化,2004,26(5):48
[26] 王淑霞, 范宝红. 无线数传电台实现数据可靠传输技术的探讨.平顶山工学院学报,2003,12(4):39-40
[27] 邵明建.沥青路面施工机械化施工技术与质量控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.7
[28] Zhu F, et al. Digital Management of Construction Machinery: Technology and Framework,The 1st CIRP International Seminar on Digital Enterprise Technology Durham UK, 2002,89-90
[29] R. L. French and G. M. Lang. Automatic Route Control System. Vehicular Technology. 1973(5):36-41
[30] 龚健雅.当代地理信息系统进展综述.测绘与空间地理信息,2004,27(1):5-6
[31] RobertP.Biuk Aghai. A Mobile GIS Application to Heavily Resource-Constrained Devices, Geo-spatial Information Science(Quarterly), 2004,7(1):50-57
[32] Maruya T(1999) Macroeconomy. past ,present , and prospects .In:Berlie J(ed.)Macao 2000 .Oxford:Ox-ford University Press,123-144
[33] R. Whelan. Smart Highways, Smart Cars. Norwood MA: Artech House, 1995.66-68
[34] TAN Guoxin,Ryosuke Shibasaki,Kanichiro Matsu mura. Development of a GIS-based Decision Support System for Assessing Land Use Status. Geo-spatial Information Science,2004,7(1):72-74
[35] V. Ashkenazi. Coordinate Systems: How to Get Your Position Very Precise and Completely Wrong. The Journal of Navigation, Royal Institute of Navigation 1996,39. (2): 269-278
[36] 王小茹.Visual Basic 6.0 实例解析.北京.北京大学出版社.2000
[37] 龚沛曾,陆慰民,扬志强.Visual Basic 程序设计教程.北京.高等教育出版社.2000
[38] 姚良,张世英.在VB 中实现数据采集曲线绘制和打印的方法. 微型电脑应用,2003,19(9):59-61
[39] O'BrienJ.A unified theory of construction robotics.Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction Germany,1998(3).191～200
[40]F.Peyret, J.Jurasz, A.Carrel.The Computer Integrated road construction project .Automation in construction, 2000,9(5):58
[41] 郑尚龙,王国栋,李学忠等.基于GSM/GPRS 的工程机械机群状态监测与故障诊断系统(下).工程机械,2003(09)
[42] 方裕,周成虎等.第四代GIS 软件研究.中国图像图形学报2001(9)
[2] 胡长顺,黄辉华.高等级公路路基路面施工技术.北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[3] P. Samuel. Unit Prices Key to US Marker for In-Vehicle Guidance.ITS International,1996(6)57-58
[4] 张志伟,芮延年,任芸丹.基于人工智能工程机械优化调度方法的研究.苏州大学学报(工科版),2004,24(5):128-130
[5] 郭小宏,郭嘉银,杜真德.高等级沥青混凝土路面机械化施工的理论及实践(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ).重庆: 重庆交通学院学报,1994(3,4),1995(1,2)
[6] 郭伟,喻道远,徐晓光.基于GIS 的机群优化配置系统.筑路机械与施工机械化,2002,19(5):8-10
[7] 李冰,贺尚红,吴运新等.沥青混凝土路面施工机群智能调度与监控系统.筑路机械与施工机械化,2003(6):18
[8] I.Catling. Advanced Technology for Road Transport. Norwood, MA:Artech House.1994.210-216
[9] 张守信.GPS 卫星测量定位理论与应用.长沙:国防科技大学出版社.1996, 1-20
[10] 刘光.地理信息系统二次开发教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003,108-112
[11] 胡志刚, 张晓斌. 路面施工机械机群智能控制系统. 计算机工程,2003,29(19):32-34
[12] 朱福民, 郑惠强. 基于GIS/GPS 的建筑机械远程管理系统. 经营管理,2004(2):54-55
[13] 张昱, 朱福民.工程施工用电子地图的便捷实现方法. 太原:山西建筑:2005,31(4):215
[14] 马铸,李锁云,张文明.机群智能化工程机械体系结构和关键技术.农业机械学报,2003,34(5):137-138
[15] 刘经南,葛茂荣.广域差分GPS 的数据处理方法及结果分析.测绘工程,1998(6):57-61
[16] 徐爱民,吕志平,石善斌. 基于MapX 的道路修测系统的设计与实现.海洋测绘,2003,23(6):31-33
[17] 王东霞,贺金龙,窦文华.无线局域网技术.现代通信,1997(1):9-10
[18] 尹鹏飞, 李军. 实现GPS 接收机与微机间的通信. 电脑开发与应 用,2004,17(3):11-14
[19] 郑堤,唐可洪.机电一体化设计基础.北京:机械工业出版社.2001.10
[20] 饶运清,徐晓光,喻道远.基于集群通信的机群控制与智能化管理系统.机电一体化,2002(3):42-44
[21] 唐阳.无线局域网的应用模式及其市场发展预期.世界电信,2001(12):19-21
[22] 林阳.无线互联网:支撑远程教育的新平台[J].现代教育技术,2002, (3 ): 37-38
[23] 傅春常, 马瑜. 基于MapX 的高速公路监控系统的设计. 微机发展,2003,13(10):110
[24] 史建民,黄有方,嘉红霞. RS-232 串口设备远程通讯功能的实现.起重运输机械,2003(6):31-32
[25] 李润平.数传电台在计算机监控中的应用.电气传动自动化,2004,26(5):48
[26] 王淑霞, 范宝红. 无线数传电台实现数据可靠传输技术的探讨.平顶山工学院学报,2003,12(4):39-40
[27] 邵明建.沥青路面施工机械化施工技术与质量控制.北京:人民交通出版社,2001.7
[28] Zhu F, et al. Digital Management of Construction Machinery: Technology and Framework,The 1st CIRP International Seminar on Digital Enterprise Technology Durham UK, 2002,89-90
[29] R. L. French and G. M. Lang. Automatic Route Control System. Vehicular Technology. 1973(5):36-41
[30] 龚健雅.当代地理信息系统进展综述.测绘与空间地理信息,2004,27(1):5-6
[31] RobertP.Biuk Aghai. A Mobile GIS Application to Heavily Resource-Constrained Devices, Geo-spatial Information Science(Quarterly), 2004,7(1):50-57
[32] Maruya T(1999) Macroeconomy. past ,present , and prospects .In:Berlie J(ed.)Macao 2000 .Oxford:Ox-ford University Press,123-144
[33] R. Whelan. Smart Highways, Smart Cars. Norwood MA: Artech House, 1995.66-68
[34] TAN Guoxin,Ryosuke Shibasaki,Kanichiro Matsu mura. Development of a GIS-based Decision Support System for Assessing Land Use Status. Geo-spatial Information Science,2004,7(1):72-74
[35] V. Ashkenazi. Coordinate Systems: How to Get Your Position Very Precise and Completely Wrong. The Journal of Navigation, Royal Institute of Navigation 1996,39. (2): 269-278
[36] 王小茹.Visual Basic 6.0 实例解析.北京.北京大学出版社.2000
[37] 龚沛曾,陆慰民,扬志强.Visual Basic 程序设计教程.北京.高等教育出版社.2000
[38] 姚良,张世英.在VB 中实现数据采集曲线绘制和打印的方法. 微型电脑应用,2003,19(9):59-61
[39] O'BrienJ.A unified theory of construction robotics.Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction Germany,1998(3).191～200
[40]F.Peyret, J.Jurasz, A.Carrel.The Computer Integrated road construction project .Automation in construction, 2000,9(5):58
[41] 郑尚龙,王国栋,李学忠等.基于GSM/GPRS 的工程机械机群状态监测与故障诊断系统(下).工程机械,2003(09)
[42] 方裕,周成虎等.第四代GIS 软件研究.中国图像图形学报2001(9)