仿生非光滑表面模具钢材料磨粒磨损研究
摘要
在本论文研究中,主要是根据自然界中某些生物体表的非光滑表面具有比光滑表面更耐磨的特性,在模具钢的光滑表面上,利用激光技术模仿这些生物体表形态特征加工出点状、条纹状和网格状单元体,形成非光滑单元体表面。通过金相照片、电镜照片和材料的显微硬度来分析激光参数对单元体的形状、大小、硬度的影响;通过磨粒磨损实验对比试样的磨损量来研究非光滑表面的单元体分布间距、形态、大小、硬度对提高材料耐磨性的影响;简单探讨熔覆合金增强单元体的仿生非光滑表面对材料的耐磨性提高的影响。对以后加工仿生非光滑表面提供参考的参数,最后分析仿生非光滑表面的磨损过程及尝试提出仿生非光滑单元体表面提高材料耐磨性的理论。
经过实验研究得出了如下结论:
材料不同,激光参数不同,非光滑单元体大小、形态、硬度也不同。非光滑表面试样的耐磨性都优于光滑表面试样的耐磨性。熔覆合金单元体的非光滑试样的耐磨性规律与材料退火组织的非光滑试样耐磨性规律相同。
The energy sources wasted by the way of friction finally are about 33 or 50 percentage of the world's energy. The research of the rubbing abrasion and lubricating question will account for the tremendous economic effect. Therefore, many country scientists' great efforts to improve the wear resistance of materials have been very effective. Great development has been achieved in the abrasion and wear assistance of materials. However, it was considered when the smoother the surface of materials was, the smaller the conglutination force to other objects was and so the abrasion resistance during the relative movement was smaller in tradition theory. As a result, the surfaces of the work parts or products which are required to reduce the abrasion resistance or conglutination will be designed to be smooth ones. But the effect was not very obvious.
The bionic research indicates that the rough surfaces of some animals result in reducing the wear resistance with great efficiency. The structure and performance of the kind of animals are very particular after hundreds of millions evolution, which accords with their subsistence circumstance. Many researches have indicated that the animals live in the marshy soil whose bodies are characteristic of geometry rough surfaces. The rough surfaces can result in reducing conglutination, lessening resistance and increasing resistance wear. The tribology and bionic investigations show that the wear resistance of the smooth surfaces will not be best, the other way round, the resistance wear of the non-smooth surfaces may be better. To increase the resistance wear of materials, the investigation is attempted to carry out the non-smooth configurations of material surfaces.
The researches of the non-smooth configuration of the soil animal body surfaces
经过实验研究得出了如下结论:
材料不同,激光参数不同,非光滑单元体大小、形态、硬度也不同。非光滑表面试样的耐磨性都优于光滑表面试样的耐磨性。熔覆合金单元体的非光滑试样的耐磨性规律与材料退火组织的非光滑试样耐磨性规律相同。
The energy sources wasted by the way of friction finally are about 33 or 50 percentage of the world's energy. The research of the rubbing abrasion and lubricating question will account for the tremendous economic effect. Therefore, many country scientists' great efforts to improve the wear resistance of materials have been very effective. Great development has been achieved in the abrasion and wear assistance of materials. However, it was considered when the smoother the surface of materials was, the smaller the conglutination force to other objects was and so the abrasion resistance during the relative movement was smaller in tradition theory. As a result, the surfaces of the work parts or products which are required to reduce the abrasion resistance or conglutination will be designed to be smooth ones. But the effect was not very obvious.
The bionic research indicates that the rough surfaces of some animals result in reducing the wear resistance with great efficiency. The structure and performance of the kind of animals are very particular after hundreds of millions evolution, which accords with their subsistence circumstance. Many researches have indicated that the animals live in the marshy soil whose bodies are characteristic of geometry rough surfaces. The rough surfaces can result in reducing conglutination, lessening resistance and increasing resistance wear. The tribology and bionic investigations show that the wear resistance of the smooth surfaces will not be best, the other way round, the resistance wear of the non-smooth surfaces may be better. To increase the resistance wear of materials, the investigation is attempted to carry out the non-smooth configurations of material surfaces.
The researches of the non-smooth configuration of the soil animal body surfaces
引文
1. 中国农业机械化科学研究院工艺材料研究所,磨粒磨损与抗磨技术译文集,中国农业机械出版社,1982,1
2. 邵和生,张清编,金属的磨粒磨损与耐磨材料,机械工业出版社,1988,32-34
3. 邵荷生,曲敬信,许小棣,陈华辉,摩擦与磨损,煤炭工业出版社,1992,4-6
4. 周平安,磨损失效分析及耐磨材料的现状和展望,铸造,2000,49(1):23-25
5. 任露泉,王再宙,韩志武,仿生非光滑表面滑动摩擦磨损试验研究,农业机械学报,2003,3,34(2):86-88
6. 韩志武,任露泉,刘祖斌,激光织构仿生非光滑表面抗磨性能研究,摩擦学学报,2004,7,289-293
7. 任露泉,陈德兴,胡建国,土壤动物减粘脱土规律初步分析,农业工程学报,1990,6(1):15-20
8. RenLuquan,LiJianqiao,ChenBingcong,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics[J],Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,40(13):1077-1088
9. RenLuquan,TongJin,ZhangShujun,Reducing sliding resistance of soil against bull dozing plates by unsmoothed bionic surface[J],JournalofTerramechanics,1995,32(6):303-309
10. 陈秉聪,车辆行走机构形态学及仿生减粘脱土理论,机械工业出版社,2001,4-5
11. 岑海堂,结构仿生理论、轻质零件结构仿生设计研究及 RP 工艺验证,北京航空航天大学博士论文,2004,10
12. 丛茜等,几何非光滑生物体表面形态的分类学研究,农业工学报,1992,8(2):7-12
13. 佟金,马云海,任露泉,天然生物材料及其摩擦学[J],摩擦学学报,2001,21(4):315-320
14. 王国林等,蜣螂体表几何非光滑结构单元分布的分形特性,农业机械学报,1997,12,5-9
15. 陈秉聪,任露泉,徐晓波等,典型土壤动物体表形态及减粘脱土初步研究,农业工程学报,1990(2):1-6
16. Tong Jin,Ren Lunquan,Chen Bingchong,Characteristics of adhesion between soil and solid surfaces,Journal of Terramechanics,1994,31(2):93-95
17. 任露泉,佟金,李建桥,陈秉聪,生物脱附与机械仿生-多学科交叉新技术领域,中国机械工程,1999,10(9):894-896
18. Ren LQ,Li JQ,Chen BC,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics,Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,10(4):77–80
19. Ren LQ,Chen DX,Hu JG,Wang L,Initial exploring for mechanism of decreasing resistance and reducing adhesion of the bionic bulldozing plates. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng,1990,6(2):13–20
20. Ren LQ,Chen DX,Hu JG,Initial analysis on the law of reducing adhesion of soil animals,Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 1990,6(1):13–20
21. 贾贤,任露泉,陈秉聪,复合涂层及表面改性犁壁的减粘降阻性能,农业机械学报,1996,27(3):7-9
22. Ren LQ,Cong Q,Wu LK,Fang Y,Test study on adhesion and resistance reduction of bionic non-smooth bulldozing plates , China Agriculture Machinery 1997,28(2):1–5
23. 任露泉,丛茜,佟金.界面粘附中非光滑基本特性的研究,农业工程学报,1992,8(1):16-22
24. Chen Bingchong,Ren Luquan,Tong Jin.Rending Adhesion of Soil by Phosphoric White Iron on the Basis of Bionics Principles , Proc.10th international In Conference of ISTVS,Japan,1990,8(6):57-63
25. 任露泉等,仿生推土板减粘降阻机理初探,农业工程学报,1990,6(2):32-35
26. Tieshi Zhao,Yongsheng Zhao,Z.Huang,Study on adaptability of a sea crab and its bionics mechanism model,Mechanism and machine Theory,34(1999) 1271-1280
27. Wilson Kindlein Junior,Andrea Seadi Guanabara,Methodology for product design based on the study of bionics,Materials and Design,26(2005)149–155
28. Luquan Ren,Qian Cong,Jin Tong,Bingcong Chen,Reducing adhesion of soil against loading shovel using bionic electro-osmosis method,Journal of Terramechanics,38(2001) 211–219
29. Ren LQ,Yan BZ,Cong Q,Experimental study on bionic non-smooth surface soil electro-osmosis,International Agricultural Engineering Journal,1999,8(3):185–196
30. Jin Tong,Yunhai Ma,Man Jiang,Effects of the wollastonite fiber modification on the sliding wear behavior of the UHMWPE composites wear,255(2003)734-741
31. 胡巧玲,李晓东等,仿生结构材料的研究进展,材料研究学报,2003,8,17(3):337-339
32. Ren Luquan,Li Jiangiao and Chen Bingcong,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics,Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,40(13):1077-1080
33. 陈振昆,漫谈植物的叶子与仿生学,生物学通报,1991,8
34. 汪矛,郑相如,张志农,叶脉的形态与结构,生物学通报,1998,9
35. 魏铁华,杨晓红,仿生工程,水利电力机械,2001,6(3):28-29
36. 袁根福,激光加工技术的应用与发展现状,安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,12(1):30-34
37. 王秀彦,安国平,李栋,梁小兵,模具及模具材料激光相变硬化的初步探索与实验,锻压机械,2002,2(7):57-61
38. 邵健升,材料的冲击处理及其进展,光电子技术及信息,1997,8,19-22
39. 宋全胜,激光刻花技术的应用现状与展望,材料科学与工程,2004,4,609-613
40. 徐辅仁,王新华等,运用弹流理论研究齿间摩擦对于齿轮弯曲疲劳强度影响,航空精密制造技术,2004,2,26-30
41. Steen W M,Laser Surface Treatment,Proceeding of the NOTOA advanced Study Institute on Laser Processing,Portugal,1996,2,1-19
42. 宋全胜.激光刻花技术的应用现状与展望,材料科学与工程,2004,4,609-613
43. 周笑薇,王小珍,激光熔覆技术在工业中的应用,中州大学学报,2005,10(4):110-111
44. 谢明,材料表面的激光熔覆技术及展望,邵阳学院学报,2004,1(3):47-49
45. Zhenzhong,Guan,The manual of process technology of laser,China Measure Press,1998,133-134
46. 任露泉,王再宙,韩志武,激光处理非光滑点表面耐磨试验的均匀设计研究,材料科学与工程,2002,20(2):214-216
47. 任露泉,徐德生,邱小明,赵宇光,仿生非光滑耐磨复合层的研究,农业工程学报,2001,17(3):7-9
48. 昆陵,从形似到神似――新一代仿生材料,仿生新天地,2001,8,11
49. Wang XL,Ichikawa M,Tajiri I,Woro A,Study on prevention of soil adhesion to rotary cover by vibration,Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery,1993,55(4):41–46
50. 磨损失效分析案例委员会,磨损失效分析案例汇集,机械工业出版社,1985,3
51. Roy,Laser surface engineering to improve wear resistance of materials,Materials Science and Engineering,1998,A241,226-232
52. 师汉民,论仿生制造,中国机械工程,1998,9(1):51-54
53. 马鸣图,材料科学和工程研究进展,北京,机械工业出版社,2000
54. 邓宝清,任露泉,苏岩等,模拟活塞缸套摩擦副的仿生非光滑表面的摩擦学研究,吉林大学学报(工学版),2004,34(1):80-84
55. 崔相旭,任露泉等,穿山甲鳞片成分与结构及其减粘脱土分析,农业工程学报,1990,6(3):19-24
2. 邵和生,张清编,金属的磨粒磨损与耐磨材料,机械工业出版社,1988,32-34
3. 邵荷生,曲敬信,许小棣,陈华辉,摩擦与磨损,煤炭工业出版社,1992,4-6
4. 周平安,磨损失效分析及耐磨材料的现状和展望,铸造,2000,49(1):23-25
5. 任露泉,王再宙,韩志武,仿生非光滑表面滑动摩擦磨损试验研究,农业机械学报,2003,3,34(2):86-88
6. 韩志武,任露泉,刘祖斌,激光织构仿生非光滑表面抗磨性能研究,摩擦学学报,2004,7,289-293
7. 任露泉,陈德兴,胡建国,土壤动物减粘脱土规律初步分析,农业工程学报,1990,6(1):15-20
8. RenLuquan,LiJianqiao,ChenBingcong,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics[J],Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,40(13):1077-1088
9. RenLuquan,TongJin,ZhangShujun,Reducing sliding resistance of soil against bull dozing plates by unsmoothed bionic surface[J],JournalofTerramechanics,1995,32(6):303-309
10. 陈秉聪,车辆行走机构形态学及仿生减粘脱土理论,机械工业出版社,2001,4-5
11. 岑海堂,结构仿生理论、轻质零件结构仿生设计研究及 RP 工艺验证,北京航空航天大学博士论文,2004,10
12. 丛茜等,几何非光滑生物体表面形态的分类学研究,农业工学报,1992,8(2):7-12
13. 佟金,马云海,任露泉,天然生物材料及其摩擦学[J],摩擦学学报,2001,21(4):315-320
14. 王国林等,蜣螂体表几何非光滑结构单元分布的分形特性,农业机械学报,1997,12,5-9
15. 陈秉聪,任露泉,徐晓波等,典型土壤动物体表形态及减粘脱土初步研究,农业工程学报,1990(2):1-6
16. Tong Jin,Ren Lunquan,Chen Bingchong,Characteristics of adhesion between soil and solid surfaces,Journal of Terramechanics,1994,31(2):93-95
17. 任露泉,佟金,李建桥,陈秉聪,生物脱附与机械仿生-多学科交叉新技术领域,中国机械工程,1999,10(9):894-896
18. Ren LQ,Li JQ,Chen BC,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics,Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,10(4):77–80
19. Ren LQ,Chen DX,Hu JG,Wang L,Initial exploring for mechanism of decreasing resistance and reducing adhesion of the bionic bulldozing plates. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng,1990,6(2):13–20
20. Ren LQ,Chen DX,Hu JG,Initial analysis on the law of reducing adhesion of soil animals,Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering 1990,6(1):13–20
21. 贾贤,任露泉,陈秉聪,复合涂层及表面改性犁壁的减粘降阻性能,农业机械学报,1996,27(3):7-9
22. Ren LQ,Cong Q,Wu LK,Fang Y,Test study on adhesion and resistance reduction of bionic non-smooth bulldozing plates , China Agriculture Machinery 1997,28(2):1–5
23. 任露泉,丛茜,佟金.界面粘附中非光滑基本特性的研究,农业工程学报,1992,8(1):16-22
24. Chen Bingchong,Ren Luquan,Tong Jin.Rending Adhesion of Soil by Phosphoric White Iron on the Basis of Bionics Principles , Proc.10th international In Conference of ISTVS,Japan,1990,8(6):57-63
25. 任露泉等,仿生推土板减粘降阻机理初探,农业工程学报,1990,6(2):32-35
26. Tieshi Zhao,Yongsheng Zhao,Z.Huang,Study on adaptability of a sea crab and its bionics mechanism model,Mechanism and machine Theory,34(1999) 1271-1280
27. Wilson Kindlein Junior,Andrea Seadi Guanabara,Methodology for product design based on the study of bionics,Materials and Design,26(2005)149–155
28. Luquan Ren,Qian Cong,Jin Tong,Bingcong Chen,Reducing adhesion of soil against loading shovel using bionic electro-osmosis method,Journal of Terramechanics,38(2001) 211–219
29. Ren LQ,Yan BZ,Cong Q,Experimental study on bionic non-smooth surface soil electro-osmosis,International Agricultural Engineering Journal,1999,8(3):185–196
30. Jin Tong,Yunhai Ma,Man Jiang,Effects of the wollastonite fiber modification on the sliding wear behavior of the UHMWPE composites wear,255(2003)734-741
31. 胡巧玲,李晓东等,仿生结构材料的研究进展,材料研究学报,2003,8,17(3):337-339
32. Ren Luquan,Li Jiangiao and Chen Bingcong,Unsmoothed surface on reducing resistance by bionics,Chinese Science Bulletin,1995,40(13):1077-1080
33. 陈振昆,漫谈植物的叶子与仿生学,生物学通报,1991,8
34. 汪矛,郑相如,张志农,叶脉的形态与结构,生物学通报,1998,9
35. 魏铁华,杨晓红,仿生工程,水利电力机械,2001,6(3):28-29
36. 袁根福,激光加工技术的应用与发展现状,安徽建筑工业学院学报(自然科学版),2004,12(1):30-34
37. 王秀彦,安国平,李栋,梁小兵,模具及模具材料激光相变硬化的初步探索与实验,锻压机械,2002,2(7):57-61
38. 邵健升,材料的冲击处理及其进展,光电子技术及信息,1997,8,19-22
39. 宋全胜,激光刻花技术的应用现状与展望,材料科学与工程,2004,4,609-613
40. 徐辅仁,王新华等,运用弹流理论研究齿间摩擦对于齿轮弯曲疲劳强度影响,航空精密制造技术,2004,2,26-30
41. Steen W M,Laser Surface Treatment,Proceeding of the NOTOA advanced Study Institute on Laser Processing,Portugal,1996,2,1-19
42. 宋全胜.激光刻花技术的应用现状与展望,材料科学与工程,2004,4,609-613
43. 周笑薇,王小珍,激光熔覆技术在工业中的应用,中州大学学报,2005,10(4):110-111
44. 谢明,材料表面的激光熔覆技术及展望,邵阳学院学报,2004,1(3):47-49
45. Zhenzhong,Guan,The manual of process technology of laser,China Measure Press,1998,133-134
46. 任露泉,王再宙,韩志武,激光处理非光滑点表面耐磨试验的均匀设计研究,材料科学与工程,2002,20(2):214-216
47. 任露泉,徐德生,邱小明,赵宇光,仿生非光滑耐磨复合层的研究,农业工程学报,2001,17(3):7-9
48. 昆陵,从形似到神似――新一代仿生材料,仿生新天地,2001,8,11
49. Wang XL,Ichikawa M,Tajiri I,Woro A,Study on prevention of soil adhesion to rotary cover by vibration,Journal of the Japanese Society of Agricultural Machinery,1993,55(4):41–46
50. 磨损失效分析案例委员会,磨损失效分析案例汇集,机械工业出版社,1985,3
51. Roy,Laser surface engineering to improve wear resistance of materials,Materials Science and Engineering,1998,A241,226-232
52. 师汉民,论仿生制造,中国机械工程,1998,9(1):51-54
53. 马鸣图,材料科学和工程研究进展,北京,机械工业出版社,2000
54. 邓宝清,任露泉,苏岩等,模拟活塞缸套摩擦副的仿生非光滑表面的摩擦学研究,吉林大学学报(工学版),2004,34(1):80-84
55. 崔相旭,任露泉等,穿山甲鳞片成分与结构及其减粘脱土分析,农业工程学报,1990,6(3):19-24