激光射击读靶系统的研究
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摘要
随着激光技术在军事训练中的广泛应用,激光模拟射击训练器的设计和实现,对国防建设现代化、军事训练智能化、提高部队整体素质以及节约国防开支具有越来越重要的意义。本文在分析了现有激光模拟射击器原理的基础上,针对现有激光模拟射击器接收靶系统存在的不足,在现有研究成果的功能和结构上加以完善和改进,提出了新的设计思想。参照部队的实际需求,完成了激光模拟射击读靶系统的硬件设计和软件设计,使之更贴近部队训练和实战要求。
硬件上,针对现有激光模拟射击器读靶精度低的缺点,本设计采用PIN四象限光电探测器作为接收靶的激光探测器,代替传统激光射击器中用大量光电二极管排列组成的靶面光电探测器。这样不仅使得光电探测器后续信号处理简单、而且大大降低了成本。本设计完成了发射系统的光路结构、接收系统的光路结构,使得从发射系统发出的激光信号能够按照系统要求正确成像于PIN四象限光电探测器上。接收系统的信号处理电路,将四象限光电探测器输出的电流信号转换为电压信号并放大、处理,最终得到能够反映光斑中心在x方向和y方向偏移量的电压信号。
软件上,以USB2004数据采集卡作为数据采集核心,采用LabVIEW软件作为系统开发平台,完成了激光射击读靶系统的软件设计与开发,实现了对数据采集卡的驱动、信号采集、数据处理和软件编程。完成了对弹着落点环数的计算、弹着落点位置的实时显示,并对射击成绩进行了存储。
通过对实验数据的处理和分析,得到光斑中心偏移与输出电压当量的关系。分析了实验误差产生的原因,提出了改进的意见和方法,并对整个激光模拟射击系统的读靶精度进行了分析,在此基础上提出了系统扩展的改进方案。本文设计的激光射击读靶系统安全、简便、读靶精度高,具有弹着点实时显示、成绩统计等功能。基于LabVIEW的系统软件设计具有程序简单、数据精度高、界面友好等特点。
With the wide applications of laser technology in military training. It's more and more important to develop laser simulated shooting system to raise soldier's shooting level, and reduce the defense expenditures, at the same time. It also has practical significance to achieve modernization of national defense and intellectualization of military training. Based upon analysis of the existed laser simulated shooting system, according to the issues existed in target system. This paper puts forward a new design method through refining and improving function and structure of existing research results. We have completed the hardware design and software design reference to military needs.
Because the existing reading target system of laser simulation shoot with low accuracy. This design uses a PIN four-quadrant photo detector as a receive target laser detector. Instead of the traditional target photo detector which composed of a large number photodiode, not only simple photo detector signal processing, and greatly reduce the cost. Has completed to design the optical structure of launching system and receiving system, to make the laser signal which from launching system can be correct imaged in PIN four-quadrant photo detector. Signal processing circuit of receiving system covert current signal from PIN four-quadrant photo detector to voltage signal. Eventually obtain the voltage signal to reflect the spot center offset in x and y directions.
Usb2004 card is the core of data acquisition in this system, using LabVIEW as the software development platform, software of reading target system in laser target has been designed and developed. The data acquisition card drive, signal sample, data process and software programm has been realized. Has completed the ring number calculat, the ring number display in real-time mode and shooting results storage.
Based on analysis and process the experimental data, obtained the relationship between spot offset and voltage equivalent. Proposed the instrument improvement comments and methods through analyzing the experiment source of error. And has analyzed the reading target precision, proposed a reasonable system expansion scheme for future work. This system is secure, simple and high precise and includes the following functions: target real-time display and calculation of results and others. Software design based on LabVIEW is featured with simple program, high accuracy and friendly interface.
硬件上,针对现有激光模拟射击器读靶精度低的缺点,本设计采用PIN四象限光电探测器作为接收靶的激光探测器,代替传统激光射击器中用大量光电二极管排列组成的靶面光电探测器。这样不仅使得光电探测器后续信号处理简单、而且大大降低了成本。本设计完成了发射系统的光路结构、接收系统的光路结构,使得从发射系统发出的激光信号能够按照系统要求正确成像于PIN四象限光电探测器上。接收系统的信号处理电路,将四象限光电探测器输出的电流信号转换为电压信号并放大、处理,最终得到能够反映光斑中心在x方向和y方向偏移量的电压信号。
软件上,以USB2004数据采集卡作为数据采集核心,采用LabVIEW软件作为系统开发平台,完成了激光射击读靶系统的软件设计与开发,实现了对数据采集卡的驱动、信号采集、数据处理和软件编程。完成了对弹着落点环数的计算、弹着落点位置的实时显示,并对射击成绩进行了存储。
通过对实验数据的处理和分析,得到光斑中心偏移与输出电压当量的关系。分析了实验误差产生的原因,提出了改进的意见和方法,并对整个激光模拟射击系统的读靶精度进行了分析,在此基础上提出了系统扩展的改进方案。本文设计的激光射击读靶系统安全、简便、读靶精度高,具有弹着点实时显示、成绩统计等功能。基于LabVIEW的系统软件设计具有程序简单、数据精度高、界面友好等特点。
With the wide applications of laser technology in military training. It's more and more important to develop laser simulated shooting system to raise soldier's shooting level, and reduce the defense expenditures, at the same time. It also has practical significance to achieve modernization of national defense and intellectualization of military training. Based upon analysis of the existed laser simulated shooting system, according to the issues existed in target system. This paper puts forward a new design method through refining and improving function and structure of existing research results. We have completed the hardware design and software design reference to military needs.
Because the existing reading target system of laser simulation shoot with low accuracy. This design uses a PIN four-quadrant photo detector as a receive target laser detector. Instead of the traditional target photo detector which composed of a large number photodiode, not only simple photo detector signal processing, and greatly reduce the cost. Has completed to design the optical structure of launching system and receiving system, to make the laser signal which from launching system can be correct imaged in PIN four-quadrant photo detector. Signal processing circuit of receiving system covert current signal from PIN four-quadrant photo detector to voltage signal. Eventually obtain the voltage signal to reflect the spot center offset in x and y directions.
Usb2004 card is the core of data acquisition in this system, using LabVIEW as the software development platform, software of reading target system in laser target has been designed and developed. The data acquisition card drive, signal sample, data process and software programm has been realized. Has completed the ring number calculat, the ring number display in real-time mode and shooting results storage.
Based on analysis and process the experimental data, obtained the relationship between spot offset and voltage equivalent. Proposed the instrument improvement comments and methods through analyzing the experiment source of error. And has analyzed the reading target precision, proposed a reasonable system expansion scheme for future work. This system is secure, simple and high precise and includes the following functions: target real-time display and calculation of results and others. Software design based on LabVIEW is featured with simple program, high accuracy and friendly interface.
引文
[1]刘欢松.美陆军“21世纪多用途激光交战系统”[J].轻兵器,2002,(8):36.
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[9] Stephen F.Jacobs,Raymond K.Kostuk.Some Experiments on Semiconductor Laser Characteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Education.1992,35(2):133-137.
[10]李广.模拟实弹激光打靶训练器的设计[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[11] K C Fan,Yang Zhao.A laser straightness measurement system using optical fiber and modulation techniques[J].Machine tools and manufacture,2000,40:2073-2081.
[12]邓仁亮.光学制导技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1992:25-43.
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[14] Makynen A,Kostamovaara J,Myllyla R.Positioning resolution of the position-sensitive detectors in high background illumination[J].Instrumentation and Measurement,1996 ,45:324 - 326.
[15] W.WangandI,J.Bush-Vishniac,The linearity and sensitivity of lateral effect position sensitivedevices-An improved geometry[J].IEEE Trans,Electron Devices,1989,36: 2475-2480.
[16]李东文,胡朝晖,汪号生,车奇.激光制导炸弹导引头的光电建模[J].空军工程大学学报,2004,3(5):33-36.
[17]张志峰,余涛,苏展等.象光斑和四象限探测器象限面积大小关系的理论研究[J].光子技术.2005(3):128-130.
[18]李日忠.半主动激光制导武器仿真系统仿真导引头的研制[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[19]严金根.某飞行机电系统探测及处理技术研究[D].南京理工大学学位论文,2007.
[20]沈兰荪,高速数据采集系统的原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1995:52-60.
[21] Y . S . Li , Young , J . A . Magerl , Subpixel edge diction and estimation with a microprocessor-controlled Line Scan Camera[J].IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron,1998,35:105-112.
[22] Manual [Z].U.S.Texas:National Instruments Corporation,1998.
[23]杨乐平,李海涛,肖相生,LabVIEW程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001:18-35.
[24] Alessandro Ferrero ,Vircenzo Piuri.A simulation tool for virtual laboratory experiments in a WWW environment[J] . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTRUMENTATION AND MEASURMENT,1999,48(3):741-746.
[25]王红茹,虚拟仪器的现状及发展趋势[J].测控技术,2003(12):37-40.
[26] Chao-Huang Wei,Chih-Hsing Wu.A simulator of winding machine controller using LabView environment.2004 8th international conference on control,automation,robotics and vision.Kunming,China,6-9th December 2004:105-2110.
[27]高智杰,张安京,史国华.风标式激光导引头光电建模与仿真[J].光电工程,2007,34(1):4-8.
[28]匡萃方,冯其波,刘斌.背景光对四象限探测器干扰的研究[J].激光与红外,2004,3(6):493-495.
[29]黄忠伦.基于He_Ne激光光束漂移的误差检测[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2005.
[30]胡新和,杨博雄.半导体激光准直仪及其激光束漂移补偿研究[J].光学与光电技术,2007,5(3):25-27.
[2]梁忠诚,顾敏芬.无线激光打靶机[P].中国,ZL00220660.2000.6.13:1-7.
[3]王永仲,琚新军,胡心.智能光电系统[M].北京:北京科学出版社,2000:78-89.
[4]江月松.光电技术与实验[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2000:43-62.
[5]王莉,张以漠,吴荣汉,余金中.半导体激光器的进展[J].激光与红外.1999,10(5):267-270.
[6]黄德修,刘雪峰.半导体激光器及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1999:41-102.
[7]黄章勇.光纤通信用光电子器件和组件[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2001:22-46,226-229.
[8] Hai-Feng Liu,Shin Arahira etc.Tuning Characteristics of Monolithic Passively Mode-Locked Distributed Bragg Reflector Semiconductor Lasers[J].IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics,1996,32(11):1965-1975.
[9] Stephen F.Jacobs,Raymond K.Kostuk.Some Experiments on Semiconductor Laser Characteristics[J].IEEE Transactions on Education.1992,35(2):133-137.
[10]李广.模拟实弹激光打靶训练器的设计[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[11] K C Fan,Yang Zhao.A laser straightness measurement system using optical fiber and modulation techniques[J].Machine tools and manufacture,2000,40:2073-2081.
[12]邓仁亮.光学制导技术[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1992:25-43.
[13] Pisani M.Four quadrant photo-detector with ultra high common mode rejection ratio and ultra narrow gap[J].Lasers and Electro-Optics Society,2004,1:51-52.
[14] Makynen A,Kostamovaara J,Myllyla R.Positioning resolution of the position-sensitive detectors in high background illumination[J].Instrumentation and Measurement,1996 ,45:324 - 326.
[15] W.WangandI,J.Bush-Vishniac,The linearity and sensitivity of lateral effect position sensitivedevices-An improved geometry[J].IEEE Trans,Electron Devices,1989,36: 2475-2480.
[16]李东文,胡朝晖,汪号生,车奇.激光制导炸弹导引头的光电建模[J].空军工程大学学报,2004,3(5):33-36.
[17]张志峰,余涛,苏展等.象光斑和四象限探测器象限面积大小关系的理论研究[J].光子技术.2005(3):128-130.
[18]李日忠.半主动激光制导武器仿真系统仿真导引头的研制[D].国防科技大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[19]严金根.某飞行机电系统探测及处理技术研究[D].南京理工大学学位论文,2007.
[20]沈兰荪,高速数据采集系统的原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,1995:52-60.
[21] Y . S . Li , Young , J . A . Magerl , Subpixel edge diction and estimation with a microprocessor-controlled Line Scan Camera[J].IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron,1998,35:105-112.
[22] Manual [Z].U.S.Texas:National Instruments Corporation,1998.
[23]杨乐平,李海涛,肖相生,LabVIEW程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001:18-35.
[24] Alessandro Ferrero ,Vircenzo Piuri.A simulation tool for virtual laboratory experiments in a WWW environment[J] . IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTRUMENTATION AND MEASURMENT,1999,48(3):741-746.
[25]王红茹,虚拟仪器的现状及发展趋势[J].测控技术,2003(12):37-40.
[26] Chao-Huang Wei,Chih-Hsing Wu.A simulator of winding machine controller using LabView environment.2004 8th international conference on control,automation,robotics and vision.Kunming,China,6-9th December 2004:105-2110.
[27]高智杰,张安京,史国华.风标式激光导引头光电建模与仿真[J].光电工程,2007,34(1):4-8.
[28]匡萃方,冯其波,刘斌.背景光对四象限探测器干扰的研究[J].激光与红外,2004,3(6):493-495.
[29]黄忠伦.基于He_Ne激光光束漂移的误差检测[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2005.
[30]胡新和,杨博雄.半导体激光准直仪及其激光束漂移补偿研究[J].光学与光电技术,2007,5(3):25-27.