半主动激光制导武器仿真系统仿真导引头的研制
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摘要
半主动激光制导武器半实物仿真系统不仅在激光制导武器的研究、试验、定型鉴定全过程中有重要作用，可以节约大量的研究经费和试验时间；而且在激光制导武器的作战仿真和教学训练中有重要作用。论文基于PL-2导弹红外点源导引头研制了一种半主动激光制导武器仿真导引头，可用于构成半实物激光制导武器仿真系统，具有重要的应用价值。
陀螺是仿真导引头中稳定、搜索和跟踪的关键部件，论文从分析PL-2导弹红外点源导引头的结构和特点出发，对其中的稳定陀螺工作机理进行了详细的研究，并根据陀螺的工作机理，自行研制了一套陀螺电路，包括陀螺驱动电路、陀螺轴位置检测电路和陀螺进动电路，并得到了实验验证，效果良好。
根据半主动激光制导的机理，用四象限光电探测器替换了PL-2导引头中的单元红外探测器，研制了四象限光电检测电路，将导引头改进成为一个工作于650nm激光的半主动激光导引头。四象限光电检测电路包括低噪声光电探测电路和同步相关检测电路，采用同步相关检测电路提高了系统的信噪比。同时，还进行了四象限光电探测器特性研究工作，引入了四象限光电探测器象限间光响应一致性定义，提出了一种简单有效的测量四象限光电探测器象限间光响应一致性的方法，并得到了实验验证。
光电信号、陀螺信号数据的采集和陀螺的控制由单片机来完成。论文设计了单片机电路，编写了单片机程序，由单片机控制陀螺，实现了对激光制导光斑的搜索和稳定跟踪。
论文中引入的四象限光电探测器象限间光响应一致性定义以及测量方法具有创新性，为四象限光电探测器的应用奠定了基础。为提高系统的信噪比而引入了相关检测是本论文的一大特色，对于半主动激光制导武器的研制有一定的参考价值。
The semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system plays an important role in the laser guidance weapons developing process, for it can save the massive developing funds and experimental time. It also plays an important role in application simulating and in training.A simulated semiactive laser guidance seeker was developed based on the PL-2 missile seeker in the paper. The simulated seeker has important application value which can be used to construct a semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system.The gyroscope is the key device for stabilizing, scanning and tracking in the seeker. The work mechanism of the gyroscope in the seeker is illustrated detailedly through analyzing the PL-2 missile seeker's structure. The gyroscope electric circuit, including the gyroscope's driver circuit, the gyro shaft position detecting circuit and the gyroscope's precessional circuit, was designed according to the gyroscope's work mechanism. The gyroscope electric circuit was fully tested and worked well.The infrared photo detecting element in the PL-2 missile seeker was replaced with a four-quadrant photo detector and the related circuit was designed, therefor, the simulated seeker can work with the 650nm laser. A low noise photoelectric circuit was designed to detect the guiding laser pulse signal, and in order to enhance the system signal to noise ratio, a correlated synchronal detecting scheme was introduced. Some research work was done to identify the characteristic of four-quadrant photo detector. A new definition of the light responsivity uniformity among the four quadrant elements is described in the paper, and a simple effective method is introduced to measure the light response uniformity.A MCU was used to acquire the photo detector data and the gyroscope signal. The MCU circuit and the MCU program was designed. The MCU controls the gyroscope. Searching and stably tracking of the guiding laser facula was achieved.The new definition of the light responsivity uniformity among the photo detector's four quadrant elements and the related measure method described in the paper is innovative, which does helps to the application of four-quadrant photo detector. It's characteristic work to use the correlated synchronal detecting scheme to enhance the system signal to nosie ratio, and it's referential for the laser guidance weapons development.
陀螺是仿真导引头中稳定、搜索和跟踪的关键部件，论文从分析PL-2导弹红外点源导引头的结构和特点出发，对其中的稳定陀螺工作机理进行了详细的研究，并根据陀螺的工作机理，自行研制了一套陀螺电路，包括陀螺驱动电路、陀螺轴位置检测电路和陀螺进动电路，并得到了实验验证，效果良好。
根据半主动激光制导的机理，用四象限光电探测器替换了PL-2导引头中的单元红外探测器，研制了四象限光电检测电路，将导引头改进成为一个工作于650nm激光的半主动激光导引头。四象限光电检测电路包括低噪声光电探测电路和同步相关检测电路，采用同步相关检测电路提高了系统的信噪比。同时，还进行了四象限光电探测器特性研究工作，引入了四象限光电探测器象限间光响应一致性定义，提出了一种简单有效的测量四象限光电探测器象限间光响应一致性的方法，并得到了实验验证。
光电信号、陀螺信号数据的采集和陀螺的控制由单片机来完成。论文设计了单片机电路，编写了单片机程序，由单片机控制陀螺，实现了对激光制导光斑的搜索和稳定跟踪。
论文中引入的四象限光电探测器象限间光响应一致性定义以及测量方法具有创新性，为四象限光电探测器的应用奠定了基础。为提高系统的信噪比而引入了相关检测是本论文的一大特色，对于半主动激光制导武器的研制有一定的参考价值。
The semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system plays an important role in the laser guidance weapons developing process, for it can save the massive developing funds and experimental time. It also plays an important role in application simulating and in training.A simulated semiactive laser guidance seeker was developed based on the PL-2 missile seeker in the paper. The simulated seeker has important application value which can be used to construct a semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system.The gyroscope is the key device for stabilizing, scanning and tracking in the seeker. The work mechanism of the gyroscope in the seeker is illustrated detailedly through analyzing the PL-2 missile seeker's structure. The gyroscope electric circuit, including the gyroscope's driver circuit, the gyro shaft position detecting circuit and the gyroscope's precessional circuit, was designed according to the gyroscope's work mechanism. The gyroscope electric circuit was fully tested and worked well.The infrared photo detecting element in the PL-2 missile seeker was replaced with a four-quadrant photo detector and the related circuit was designed, therefor, the simulated seeker can work with the 650nm laser. A low noise photoelectric circuit was designed to detect the guiding laser pulse signal, and in order to enhance the system signal to noise ratio, a correlated synchronal detecting scheme was introduced. Some research work was done to identify the characteristic of four-quadrant photo detector. A new definition of the light responsivity uniformity among the four quadrant elements is described in the paper, and a simple effective method is introduced to measure the light response uniformity.A MCU was used to acquire the photo detector data and the gyroscope signal. The MCU circuit and the MCU program was designed. The MCU controls the gyroscope. Searching and stably tracking of the guiding laser facula was achieved.The new definition of the light responsivity uniformity among the photo detector's four quadrant elements and the related measure method described in the paper is innovative, which does helps to the application of four-quadrant photo detector. It's characteristic work to use the correlated synchronal detecting scheme to enhance the system signal to nosie ratio, and it's referential for the laser guidance weapons development.
引文
[1] 郭修煌．精确制导技术．国防工业出版社，1999
[2] 娄寿春．导弹制导技术．宇航出版社，1989
[3] 邓仁亮．光学制导技术．1992
[4] 杨宜禾，岳敏，周维真．红外系统(第2版)．国防工业出版社，1995
[5] PL-2自动导引式航空导弹技术说明书．331厂
[6] 周衍柏．理论力学教程．人民教育出版社，1979
[7] 童诗白，华成英．模拟电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，2001
[8] 齐维贵，丁宝．单片微型机原理·接口·通信·控制．黑龙江科学技术出版社，1997
[9] 张广发．电路噪声的计算和测量．国防科技大学，1997
[1O] 张广发．锁定放大器及其应用．国防科技大学，1997
[11] 施德恒，熊水英．激光半主动寻的制导导弹发展综述．红外技术，2000，22(5)
[12] 王东木．导弹控制系统仿真技术．系统仿真学报，2001，13(1)
[13] Op Amp Noise Theory and Applications, Texas Instruments
[14] Ron Mancini. Don't let noise ruin instrumentation-amplifier performance. EDN, 2002
[15] Bruce Carter, Patrick Rowland, Jim Karki, Perry Miller. An Introduction to Selecting Amplifiers for Data Converters. Application Report SLOA035B. Texas Instruments
[16] Practical Analog Design Techniques. Analog Devices
[17] High Speed Design Techniques. Analog Devices
[18] John Austin. GETTING THE FULL POTENTIAL FROM YOUR ADC. Burr Brown
[19] Alain Guery, Charles Kitchin. High Speed Op Amp Drivers A 16 bit 1MSPS Differential-Input A/D Converter. Analog Devices
[20] ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER GROUNDING PRACTICES AFFECT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. Burr Brown
[21] Nick Bertone, Paul Webb. Noise and Stability in PIN Detectors. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
[22] Hooman Hashemi. Photo-Diode Current-To-Voltage Converters. National Semiconductor
[23] 王林涛，李开成，张健梅．低噪声光电检测电路的设计和噪声估算．武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版，2001，23(3)
[24] 王军，戴逸松．低噪声前放中集成运放电路的En-In噪声性能分析．仪器仪表学报，1998，4
[25] GTlll四象限光电探测器资料．中国电子工业集团公司第四十四所
[26] ADuC841 datasheet. Analog Devices
[27] OPA2350 datasheet. Burr Brown
[28] MC74LVXT4066 datasheet. Motorola
[29] MAX232 datasheet. Maxim
[2] 娄寿春．导弹制导技术．宇航出版社，1989
[3] 邓仁亮．光学制导技术．1992
[4] 杨宜禾，岳敏，周维真．红外系统(第2版)．国防工业出版社，1995
[5] PL-2自动导引式航空导弹技术说明书．331厂
[6] 周衍柏．理论力学教程．人民教育出版社，1979
[7] 童诗白，华成英．模拟电子技术基础．高等教育出版社，2001
[8] 齐维贵，丁宝．单片微型机原理·接口·通信·控制．黑龙江科学技术出版社，1997
[9] 张广发．电路噪声的计算和测量．国防科技大学，1997
[1O] 张广发．锁定放大器及其应用．国防科技大学，1997
[11] 施德恒，熊水英．激光半主动寻的制导导弹发展综述．红外技术，2000，22(5)
[12] 王东木．导弹控制系统仿真技术．系统仿真学报，2001，13(1)
[13] Op Amp Noise Theory and Applications, Texas Instruments
[14] Ron Mancini. Don't let noise ruin instrumentation-amplifier performance. EDN, 2002
[15] Bruce Carter, Patrick Rowland, Jim Karki, Perry Miller. An Introduction to Selecting Amplifiers for Data Converters. Application Report SLOA035B. Texas Instruments
[16] Practical Analog Design Techniques. Analog Devices
[17] High Speed Design Techniques. Analog Devices
[18] John Austin. GETTING THE FULL POTENTIAL FROM YOUR ADC. Burr Brown
[19] Alain Guery, Charles Kitchin. High Speed Op Amp Drivers A 16 bit 1MSPS Differential-Input A/D Converter. Analog Devices
[20] ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER GROUNDING PRACTICES AFFECT SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. Burr Brown
[21] Nick Bertone, Paul Webb. Noise and Stability in PIN Detectors. PerkinElmer Optoelectronics
[22] Hooman Hashemi. Photo-Diode Current-To-Voltage Converters. National Semiconductor
[23] 王林涛，李开成，张健梅．低噪声光电检测电路的设计和噪声估算．武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版，2001，23(3)
[24] 王军，戴逸松．低噪声前放中集成运放电路的En-In噪声性能分析．仪器仪表学报，1998，4
[25] GTlll四象限光电探测器资料．中国电子工业集团公司第四十四所
[26] ADuC841 datasheet. Analog Devices
[27] OPA2350 datasheet. Burr Brown
[28] MC74LVXT4066 datasheet. Motorola
[29] MAX232 datasheet. Maxim